1一、选择题 · 三角函数已知 cosθ⋅tanθ<0\cos\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=11}{\theta }\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=17}{\cdot }\tan\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=28}{\theta }\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{0}cosθ⋅tanθ<0,那么角 θ\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=6}{\theta}θ 是 ( ) (A) 第一或第二象限角 (B) 第二或第三象限角 (C) 第三或第四象限角 (D) 第一或第四象限角答案:C题目标签:三角函数符号与象限解题过程由三角函数符号判断象限化简乘积并读取正弦符号(1)化简符号条件先利用正切的商式消去余弦。详细展开:题设乘积有意义,所以 cosθ≠0\cos\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=10}{\theta}\ne\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{0}cosθ=0。于是 cosθtanθ=cosθ⋅sinθcosθ=sinθ\cos\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=10}{\theta}\tan\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=20}{\theta}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{=}\cos\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=31}{\theta}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=36}{\cdot}\frac{\sin\htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=52}{\theta}}{\cos\htmlData{tutor-start=58,tutor-end=64}{\theta}}\htmlData{tutor-start=65,tutor-end=66}{=}\sin\htmlData{tutor-start=70,tutor-end=76}{\theta}cosθtanθ=cosθ⋅cosθsinθ=sinθ,原条件等价于 sinθ<0\sin\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=10}{\theta}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{<}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{0}sinθ<0。costhetatantheta<0 ⟺ sintheta<0\cos\\\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{h}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{e}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{a}\tan\\\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{h}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{e}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{<}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{0}\iff\sin\\\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{h}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{e}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{<}\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{0}costhetatantheta<0⟺sintheta<0(2)定位所在象限正弦是单位圆上点的纵坐标。详细展开:纵坐标为负的点位于第三、第四象限;坐标轴上的角不满足严格小于零,且余弦为零的角原式无意义。因此应选第三或第四象限,即 C。sintheta<0⟹theta 为第三或第四象限角⟹C\sin\\\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{h}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{e}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{<}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=28}{\Longrightarrow}\\\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{h}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{e}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{a}\text{ \htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{为}\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{第}\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{三}\htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{或}\htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{第}\htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{四}\htmlData{tutor-start=48,tutor-end=49}{象}\htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=50}{限}\htmlData{tutor-start=50,tutor-end=51}{角}}\htmlData{tutor-start=52,tutor-end=67}{\Longrightarrow}\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=73,tutor-end=74}{C}}sintheta<0⟹theta 为第三或第四象限角⟹C
(1)化简符号条件先利用正切的商式消去余弦。详细展开:题设乘积有意义,所以 cosθ≠0\cos\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=10}{\theta}\ne\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{0}cosθ=0。于是 cosθtanθ=cosθ⋅sinθcosθ=sinθ\cos\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=10}{\theta}\tan\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=20}{\theta}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{=}\cos\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=31}{\theta}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=36}{\cdot}\frac{\sin\htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=52}{\theta}}{\cos\htmlData{tutor-start=58,tutor-end=64}{\theta}}\htmlData{tutor-start=65,tutor-end=66}{=}\sin\htmlData{tutor-start=70,tutor-end=76}{\theta}cosθtanθ=cosθ⋅cosθsinθ=sinθ,原条件等价于 sinθ<0\sin\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=10}{\theta}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{<}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{0}sinθ<0。costhetatantheta<0 ⟺ sintheta<0\cos\\\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{h}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{e}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{a}\tan\\\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{h}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{e}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{<}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{0}\iff\sin\\\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{h}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{e}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{<}\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{0}costhetatantheta<0⟺sintheta<0
(2)定位所在象限正弦是单位圆上点的纵坐标。详细展开:纵坐标为负的点位于第三、第四象限;坐标轴上的角不满足严格小于零,且余弦为零的角原式无意义。因此应选第三或第四象限,即 C。sintheta<0⟹theta 为第三或第四象限角⟹C\sin\\\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{h}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{e}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{<}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=28}{\Longrightarrow}\\\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{h}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{e}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{a}\text{ \htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{为}\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{第}\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{三}\htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{或}\htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{第}\htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{四}\htmlData{tutor-start=48,tutor-end=49}{象}\htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=50}{限}\htmlData{tutor-start=50,tutor-end=51}{角}}\htmlData{tutor-start=52,tutor-end=67}{\Longrightarrow}\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=73,tutor-end=74}{C}}sintheta<0⟹theta 为第三或第四象限角⟹C
2一、选择题 · 函数函数 f(x)=3x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{3}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{x}}f(x)=3x (0<x⩽2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{0} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=16}{\leqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}0<x⩽2) 的反函数的定义域为 ( ) (A) (0,+∞)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=11}{\infty}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{)}(0,+∞) (B) (1,9]\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{]}(1,9] (C) (0,1)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}(0,1) (D) [9,+∞)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=11}{\infty}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{)}[9,+∞)答案:B题目标签:反函数定义域解题过程求反函数定义域先求原函数值域(1)确定原函数单调性反函数的定义域等于原函数的值域。详细展开:指数函数 3x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{3}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x}}3x 的底数大于 1,故在实数上严格递增;限制到 0<x≤2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{<}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=6}{\le}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}0<x≤2 后,函数值随 x 从 0 的右侧增加到 2。0<x≤2,3x 严格递增\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{<}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=6}{\le}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{,}\qquad \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{3}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{x}}\text{ \htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{严}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{格}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{递}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{增}}0<x≤2,3x 严格递增(2)计算端点值域左端点不取,右端点可取。详细展开:当 x→0+x\to0^+x→0+ 时 3x→1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{3}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=8}{\to}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{1}3x→1,但 x=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}x=0 不在定义域,所以 1 不取;当 x=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}x=2 时函数值为 9,可以取到。因此值域即反函数定义域为 (1,9]\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{]}(1,9],选择 B。Df−1=Rf=(1,9]⟹B\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{D}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{f}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}}}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{R}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{f}}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{]}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=37}{\Longrightarrow}\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{B}}Df−1=Rf=(1,9]⟹B
(1)确定原函数单调性反函数的定义域等于原函数的值域。详细展开:指数函数 3x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{3}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x}}3x 的底数大于 1,故在实数上严格递增;限制到 0<x≤2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{<}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=6}{\le}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}0<x≤2 后,函数值随 x 从 0 的右侧增加到 2。0<x≤2,3x 严格递增\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{<}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=6}{\le}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{,}\qquad \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{3}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{x}}\text{ \htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{严}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{格}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{递}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{增}}0<x≤2,3x 严格递增
(2)计算端点值域左端点不取,右端点可取。详细展开:当 x→0+x\to0^+x→0+ 时 3x→1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{3}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=8}{\to}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{1}3x→1,但 x=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}x=0 不在定义域,所以 1 不取;当 x=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}x=2 时函数值为 9,可以取到。因此值域即反函数定义域为 (1,9]\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{]}(1,9],选择 B。Df−1=Rf=(1,9]⟹B\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{D}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{f}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}}}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{R}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{f}}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{]}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=37}{\Longrightarrow}\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{B}}Df−1=Rf=(1,9]⟹B
3一、选择题 · 三角函数函数 f(x)=sin2x−cos2x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=} \sin \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{-} \cos \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{x}f(x)=sin2x−cos2x 的最小正周期是 ( ) (A) π2\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=9}{\pi}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}}2π (B) π\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=3}{\pi}π (C) 2π\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=4}{\pi}2π (D) 4π\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=4}{\pi}4π答案:B题目标签:三角函数周期解题过程求三角函数周期合并同频正弦余弦(1)化为单一正弦两项具有相同角频率 2,可用辅助角公式合并。详细展开:利用 sinu−cosu=2sin(u−π/4)\sin \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{u}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{-}\cos \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{u}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{=}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{2}}\sin\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{u}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=32}{\pi}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{)}sinu−cosu=2sin(u−π/4),令 u=2x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{u}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x}u=2x,得到 f(x)=2sin(2x−π/4)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{=}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}}\sin\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=24}{\pi}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{)}f(x)=2sin(2x−π/4)。振幅与相位平移都不改变周期。f(x)=2sin(2x−π4)f(x)=\sqrt{2}\sin\left(2x-\frac\pi4\right)f(x)=2sin(2x−4π)(2)读取最小正周期sin(ωx+φ)\sin\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=12}{\omega }\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=21}{\varphi}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{)}sin(ωx+φ) 的最小正周期是 2π/∣ω∣\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=4}{\pi}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=12}{\omega}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{|}2π/∣ω∣。详细展开:这里角频率 ∣ω∣=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=7}{\omega}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}∣ω∣=2,所以 T=2π/2=π\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{T}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=6}{\pi}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=12}{\pi}T=2π/2=π。函数并非常值函数,因此这就是最小正周期,选择 B。T=2π2=π⟹B\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{T}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=12}{\pi}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=20}{\pi}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=35}{\Longrightarrow}\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{B}}T=22π=π⟹B
(1)化为单一正弦两项具有相同角频率 2,可用辅助角公式合并。详细展开:利用 sinu−cosu=2sin(u−π/4)\sin \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{u}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{-}\cos \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{u}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{=}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{2}}\sin\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{u}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=32}{\pi}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{)}sinu−cosu=2sin(u−π/4),令 u=2x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{u}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x}u=2x,得到 f(x)=2sin(2x−π/4)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{=}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}}\sin\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=24}{\pi}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{)}f(x)=2sin(2x−π/4)。振幅与相位平移都不改变周期。f(x)=2sin(2x−π4)f(x)=\sqrt{2}\sin\left(2x-\frac\pi4\right)f(x)=2sin(2x−4π)
(2)读取最小正周期sin(ωx+φ)\sin\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=12}{\omega }\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=21}{\varphi}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{)}sin(ωx+φ) 的最小正周期是 2π/∣ω∣\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=4}{\pi}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=12}{\omega}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{|}2π/∣ω∣。详细展开:这里角频率 ∣ω∣=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=7}{\omega}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}∣ω∣=2,所以 T=2π/2=π\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{T}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=6}{\pi}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=12}{\pi}T=2π/2=π。函数并非常值函数,因此这就是最小正周期,选择 B。T=2π2=π⟹B\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{T}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=12}{\pi}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=20}{\pi}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=35}{\Longrightarrow}\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{B}}T=22π=π⟹B
4一、选择题 · 圆锥曲线椭圆 x2a2+y2b2=1\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}}} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{+} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{y}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{2}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{2}}} \htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{1}a2x2+b2y2=1 (a>b>0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{>} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{b} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{>} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{0}a>b>0) 的焦点为 F1,F2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{F}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{F}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}}F1,F2,两条准线与 x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}x 轴的交点分别为 M,N\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{N}M,N。若 ∣MN∣⩽2∣F1F2∣\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{N}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{|} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=15}{\leqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{F}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{F}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{|}∣MN∣⩽2∣F1F2∣,则该椭圆离心率的取值范围是 ( ) (A) (0,12]\left(\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{,} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{2}}\right](0,21] (B) (0,22]\left(\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{,} \frac{\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{2}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{2}}\right](0,22] (C) [12,1)\left[\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{1}\right)[21,1) (D) [22,1)\left[\frac{\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{2}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{1}\right)[22,1)答案:D题目标签:椭圆离心率范围解题过程由准线间距约束离心率把所有长度统一为 a、c(1)表示焦距与准线距设椭圆半焦距为 c,离心率 e=c/a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{e}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{c}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{a}e=c/a。详细展开:两焦点为 (±c,0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=5}{\pm }\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{c}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{)}(±c,0),故 ∣F1F2∣=2c\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{F}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{F}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{c}∣F1F2∣=2c;两准线为 x=±a/e=±a2/c\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=6}{\pm }\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{e}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=14}{\pm }\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{c}x=±a/e=±a2/c,与 x 轴交点的距离为 ∣MN∣=2a2/c\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{N}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{c}∣MN∣=2a2/c。∣F1F2∣=2c,∣MN∣=2a2c\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{F}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{F}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{c}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{,}\qquad \htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{N}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{=}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{2}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{c}}∣F1F2∣=2c,∣MN∣=c2a2(2)解离心率不等式把长度条件代入并用 e=c/a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{e}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{c}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{a}e=c/a 化简。详细展开:2a2/c≤2⋅2c\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{c}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=11}{\le}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=17}{\cdot}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{c}2a2/c≤2⋅2c 给出 a2≤2c2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=8}{\le}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{c}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}}a2≤2c2,即 e2=c2/a2≥1/2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{e}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{c}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=20}{\ge}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{2}e2=c2/a2≥1/2。椭圆又满足 0<e<1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{<}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{e}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{<}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}0<e<1,所以 2/2≤e<1\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=14}{\le }\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{e}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{<}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{1}2/2≤e<1,选择 D。22≤e<1⟹D\frac{\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=22}{\le }\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{e}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{<}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=40}{\Longrightarrow}\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{D}}22≤e<1⟹D
(1)表示焦距与准线距设椭圆半焦距为 c,离心率 e=c/a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{e}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{c}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{a}e=c/a。详细展开:两焦点为 (±c,0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=5}{\pm }\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{c}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{)}(±c,0),故 ∣F1F2∣=2c\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{F}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{F}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{c}∣F1F2∣=2c;两准线为 x=±a/e=±a2/c\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=6}{\pm }\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{e}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=14}{\pm }\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{c}x=±a/e=±a2/c,与 x 轴交点的距离为 ∣MN∣=2a2/c\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{N}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{c}∣MN∣=2a2/c。∣F1F2∣=2c,∣MN∣=2a2c\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{F}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{F}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{c}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{,}\qquad \htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{N}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{=}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{2}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{c}}∣F1F2∣=2c,∣MN∣=c2a2
(2)解离心率不等式把长度条件代入并用 e=c/a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{e}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{c}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{a}e=c/a 化简。详细展开:2a2/c≤2⋅2c\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{c}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=11}{\le}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=17}{\cdot}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{c}2a2/c≤2⋅2c 给出 a2≤2c2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=8}{\le}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{c}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}}a2≤2c2,即 e2=c2/a2≥1/2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{e}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{c}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=20}{\ge}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{2}e2=c2/a2≥1/2。椭圆又满足 0<e<1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{<}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{e}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{<}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}0<e<1,所以 2/2≤e<1\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=14}{\le }\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{e}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{<}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{1}2/2≤e<1,选择 D。22≤e<1⟹D\frac{\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=22}{\le }\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{e}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{<}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=40}{\Longrightarrow}\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{D}}22≤e<1⟹D
5一、选择题 · 排列组合某城市的汽车牌照号码由 2 个英文字母后接 4 个数字组成,其中 4 个数字互不相同的牌照号码共有 ( ) (A) (C261)2A104\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{6}}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{A}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{0}}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{4}}(C261)2A104 个 (B) A262A104\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{6}}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{A}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{0}}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{4}}A262A104 个 (C) (C261)2104\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{6}}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{0}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{4}}(C261)2104 个 (D) A262104\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{6}}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{0}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{4}}A262104 个答案:A题目标签:牌照排列计数解题过程计算汽车牌照数字母与数字分步相乘(1)安排两个字母题目只限制四个数字互不相同,没有说字母不同。详细展开:第一个字母有 26 种选择,第二个字母仍有 26 种选择,故字母部分共有 262=(C261)2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{6}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{6}}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{2}}262=(C261)2 种。Nletter=262=(C261)2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{N}_{\rm \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{l}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{e}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{e}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{r}}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{6}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{6}}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{2}}Nletter=262=(C261)2(2)安排四个数字四个有顺序的位置填互不相同的数字。详细展开:从 0 至 9 中依次选 4 个不同数字,数量为排列数 A104\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{4}}A104。字母选择与数字选择独立,乘法原理得总数 (C261)2A104\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{6}}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{A}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{0}}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{4}}(C261)2A104,选择 A。N=(C261)2A104⟹A\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{N}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{6}}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{A}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{0}}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{4}}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=43}{\Longrightarrow}\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=50}{A}}N=(C261)2A104⟹A
(1)安排两个字母题目只限制四个数字互不相同,没有说字母不同。详细展开:第一个字母有 26 种选择,第二个字母仍有 26 种选择,故字母部分共有 262=(C261)2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{6}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{6}}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{2}}262=(C261)2 种。Nletter=262=(C261)2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{N}_{\rm \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{l}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{e}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{e}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{r}}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{6}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{6}}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{2}}Nletter=262=(C261)2
(2)安排四个数字四个有顺序的位置填互不相同的数字。详细展开:从 0 至 9 中依次选 4 个不同数字,数量为排列数 A104\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{4}}A104。字母选择与数字选择独立,乘法原理得总数 (C261)2A104\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{6}}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{A}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{0}}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{4}}(C261)2A104,选择 A。N=(C261)2A104⟹A\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{N}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{6}}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{A}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{0}}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{4}}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=43}{\Longrightarrow}\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=50}{A}}N=(C261)2A104⟹A
6一、选择题 · 线性规划若不等式组 {x−y+5⩾0,y⩾a,0⩽x⩽2\begin{cases} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{5} \htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=34}{\geqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{,} \\ \htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=52}{\geqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=52,tutor-end=53}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=53,tutor-end=54}{,} \\ \htmlData{tutor-start=58,tutor-end=59}{0} \htmlData{tutor-start=60,tutor-end=70}{\leqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=70,tutor-end=71}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=72,tutor-end=82}{\leqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=82,tutor-end=83}{2} \end{cases}⎩⎨⎧x−y+5⩾0,y⩾a,0⩽x⩽2 表示的平面区域是一个三角形,则 a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}a 的取值范围是 ( ) (A) a<5\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{5}a<5 (B) a⩾7\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=12}{\geqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{7}a⩾7 (C) 5⩽a<7\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{5} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=12}{\leqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{7}5⩽a<7 (D) a<5\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{5}a<5 或 a⩾7\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=12}{\geqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{7}a⩾7答案:C题目标签:线性不等式区域解题过程判断线性不等式区域形状考察水平边与两条竖边的交点(1)描出三条边界原区域满足 0≤x≤2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=5}{\le }\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=9}{\le}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}0≤x≤2 且 a≤y≤x+5\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=5}{\le }\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=10}{\le }\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{5}a≤y≤x+5。详细展开:两条竖线 x=0,x=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}x=0,x=2 之间,上界是斜线 y=x+5\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{5}y=x+5,下界是水平线 y=a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{a}y=a。要非空,水平线至少应在斜线上界的某些位置之下。0≤x≤2,a≤y≤x+5\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=5}{\le }\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=9}{\le}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{,}\qquad \htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=23}{\le }\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=28}{\le }\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{5}0≤x≤2,a≤y≤x+5(2)确定三角形参数三角形出现于水平线与斜线在竖条内部或左端相交。详细展开:交点横坐标由 a=x+5\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{5}a=x+5 得 x=a−5\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{5}x=a−5。若 5≤a<7\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=5}{\le }\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{<}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{7}5≤a<7,交点落在 0≤x<2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=5}{\le }\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{<}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}0≤x<2,区域由水平边、斜边和 x=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}x=2 构成三角形;a<5\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{<}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{5}a<5 时为四边形,a=7\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{7}a=7 时退化,a>7\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{>}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{7}a>7 为空。因此选择 C。0≤a−5<2 ⟺ 5≤a<7⟹C\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=5}{\le }\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{<}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}\iff\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=19}{\le }\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{<}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{7}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=37}{\Longrightarrow}\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{C}}0≤a−5<2⟺5≤a<7⟹C
(1)描出三条边界原区域满足 0≤x≤2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=5}{\le }\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=9}{\le}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}0≤x≤2 且 a≤y≤x+5\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=5}{\le }\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=10}{\le }\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{5}a≤y≤x+5。详细展开:两条竖线 x=0,x=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}x=0,x=2 之间,上界是斜线 y=x+5\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{5}y=x+5,下界是水平线 y=a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{a}y=a。要非空,水平线至少应在斜线上界的某些位置之下。0≤x≤2,a≤y≤x+5\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=5}{\le }\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=9}{\le}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{,}\qquad \htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=23}{\le }\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=28}{\le }\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{5}0≤x≤2,a≤y≤x+5
(2)确定三角形参数三角形出现于水平线与斜线在竖条内部或左端相交。详细展开:交点横坐标由 a=x+5\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{5}a=x+5 得 x=a−5\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{5}x=a−5。若 5≤a<7\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=5}{\le }\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{<}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{7}5≤a<7,交点落在 0≤x<2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=5}{\le }\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{<}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}0≤x<2,区域由水平边、斜边和 x=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}x=2 构成三角形;a<5\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{<}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{5}a<5 时为四边形,a=7\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{7}a=7 时退化,a>7\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{>}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{7}a>7 为空。因此选择 C。0≤a−5<2 ⟺ 5≤a<7⟹C\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=5}{\le }\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{<}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}\iff\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=19}{\le }\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{<}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{7}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=37}{\Longrightarrow}\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{C}}0≤a−5<2⟺5≤a<7⟹C
7一、选择题 · 立体几何平面 α∥\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=7}{\alpha }\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=16}{\parallel}α∥ 平面 β\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=5}{\beta}β 的一个充分条件是 ( ) (A) 存在一条直线 a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}a, a∥α\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=12}{\parallel }\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=18}{\alpha}a∥α, a∥β\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=12}{\parallel }\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=17}{\beta}a∥β (B) 存在一条直线 a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}a, a⊂α\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=10}{\subset }\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=16}{\alpha}a⊂α, a∥β\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=12}{\parallel }\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=17}{\beta}a∥β (C) 存在两条平行直线 a,b\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{b}a,b, a⊂α\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=10}{\subset }\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=16}{\alpha}a⊂α, b⊂β\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=10}{\subset }\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=15}{\beta}b⊂β, a∥β\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=12}{\parallel }\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=17}{\beta}a∥β, b∥α\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=12}{\parallel }\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=18}{\alpha}b∥α (D) 存在两条异面直线 a,b\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{b}a,b, a⊂α\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=10}{\subset }\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=16}{\alpha}a⊂α, b⊂β\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=10}{\subset }\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=15}{\beta}b⊂β, a∥β\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=12}{\parallel }\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=17}{\beta}a∥β, b∥α\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=12}{\parallel }\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=18}{\alpha}b∥α答案:D题目标签:平面平行判定解题过程判断两平面平行逐项检查充分条件(1)排除不足条件平面平行的判定必须控制平面内至少两条相交直线的方向。详细展开:A 中只给一对线平行,平面仍可能相交;B、C 中两条线在各自平面内可能平行,不能提供两个独立方向,甚至相交平面也能满足这些关系,所以都不足以推出两平面平行。一对平行线或退化为同一方向,都不足以判定平面平行\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{一}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{对}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{平}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{行}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{线}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{或}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{退}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{化}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{为}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{同}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{一}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{方}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{向}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{都}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{不}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{足}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{以}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{判}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{定}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{平}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{面}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{平}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{行}}一对平行线或退化为同一方向,都不足以判定平面平行(2)验证交叉平行条件D 给出的两条直线在各自平面内相交,并交叉对应平行。详细展开:若平面 α 内相交直线 a、b 分别平行于平面 β 内相交直线 c、d,则 α 与 β 具有相同的两个独立方向。两平面又不重合,故必平行。因此 D 是充分条件。a\parallel c,\ b\parallel d,\ a\cap b\ne\varnothing,\ c\cap d\ne\varnothing\Longrightarrow\alpha\parallel\beta
(1)排除不足条件平面平行的判定必须控制平面内至少两条相交直线的方向。详细展开:A 中只给一对线平行,平面仍可能相交;B、C 中两条线在各自平面内可能平行,不能提供两个独立方向,甚至相交平面也能满足这些关系,所以都不足以推出两平面平行。一对平行线或退化为同一方向,都不足以判定平面平行\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{一}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{对}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{平}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{行}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{线}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{或}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{退}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{化}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{为}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{同}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{一}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{方}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{向}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{都}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{不}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{足}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{以}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{判}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{定}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{平}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{面}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{平}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{行}}一对平行线或退化为同一方向,都不足以判定平面平行
(2)验证交叉平行条件D 给出的两条直线在各自平面内相交,并交叉对应平行。详细展开:若平面 α 内相交直线 a、b 分别平行于平面 β 内相交直线 c、d,则 α 与 β 具有相同的两个独立方向。两平面又不重合,故必平行。因此 D 是充分条件。a\parallel c,\ b\parallel d,\ a\cap b\ne\varnothing,\ c\cap d\ne\varnothing\Longrightarrow\alpha\parallel\beta
8一、选择题 · 函数对于函数① f(x)=∣x+2∣\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{|}f(x)=∣x+2∣, ② f(x)=(x−2)2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}}f(x)=(x−2)2, ③ f(x)=cos(x−2)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=} \cos\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{)}f(x)=cos(x−2), 判断如下两个命题的真假: 命题甲:f(x+2)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{)}f(x+2) 是偶函数; 命题乙:f(x)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)}f(x) 在 (−∞,2)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=8}{\infty}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{)}(−∞,2) 上是减函数,在 (2,+∞)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=11}{\infty}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{)}(2,+∞) 上是增函数; 能使命题甲、乙均为真的所有函数的序号是 ( ) (A) ①② (B) ①③ (C) ② (D) ③答案:C题目标签:函数对称与单调解题过程判断平移偶性与中心单调逐个函数检验两个性质(1)检验性质甲性质甲要求把图象横移 2 后得到偶函数。详细展开:①有 f(x+2)=∣x+4∣\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{|}f(x+2)=∣x+4∣,不是偶函数;②有 f(x+2)=x2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}}f(x+2)=x2,是偶函数;③有 f(x+2)=cosx\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=}\cos \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{x}f(x+2)=cosx,也是偶函数。因此满足甲的是②、③。②:f(x+2)=x2,③:f(x+2)=cosx\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{②}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{:}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{,}\qquad\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{③}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{:}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{=}\cos \htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{x}②:f(x+2)=x2,③:f(x+2)=cosx(2)检验性质乙并取交集性质乙要求以 x=2 为谷底,左减右增。详细展开:②的 (x−2)2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}}(x−2)2 在 (−∞,2)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=8}{\infty}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{)}(−∞,2) 递减、(2,+∞)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=10}{\infty}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{)}(2,+∞) 递增,满足乙;③的余弦函数在两侧并不全局单调,①的谷底在 x=−2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}x=−2。所以同时满足甲、乙的只有②,选择 C。只有②同时满足甲、乙⟹C\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{只}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{有}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{②}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{同}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{时}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{满}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{足}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{甲}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{、}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{乙}}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=32}{\Longrightarrow}\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{C}}只有②同时满足甲、乙⟹C
(1)检验性质甲性质甲要求把图象横移 2 后得到偶函数。详细展开:①有 f(x+2)=∣x+4∣\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{|}f(x+2)=∣x+4∣,不是偶函数;②有 f(x+2)=x2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}}f(x+2)=x2,是偶函数;③有 f(x+2)=cosx\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=}\cos \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{x}f(x+2)=cosx,也是偶函数。因此满足甲的是②、③。②:f(x+2)=x2,③:f(x+2)=cosx\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{②}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{:}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{,}\qquad\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{③}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{:}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{=}\cos \htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{x}②:f(x+2)=x2,③:f(x+2)=cosx
(2)检验性质乙并取交集性质乙要求以 x=2 为谷底,左减右增。详细展开:②的 (x−2)2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}}(x−2)2 在 (−∞,2)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=8}{\infty}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{)}(−∞,2) 递减、(2,+∞)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=10}{\infty}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{)}(2,+∞) 递增,满足乙;③的余弦函数在两侧并不全局单调,①的谷底在 x=−2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}x=−2。所以同时满足甲、乙的只有②,选择 C。只有②同时满足甲、乙⟹C\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{只}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{有}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{②}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{同}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{时}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{满}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{足}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{甲}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{、}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{乙}}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=32}{\Longrightarrow}\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{C}}只有②同时满足甲、乙⟹C
9二、填空题 · 导数f′(x)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}'\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}f′(x) 是 f(x)=13x3+2x+1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{3}} \htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{1}f(x)=31x3+2x+1 的导函数,则 f′(−1)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}'\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}f′(−1) 的值是______。答案:3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{3}3题目标签:导数与切线斜率解题过程由导函数求切线斜率求导后代入横坐标(1)求导函数切线斜率等于函数在切点处的导数。详细展开:对 f(x)=x3/3+2x−1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{1}f(x)=x3/3+2x−1 逐项求导,得到 f′(x)=x2+2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}'\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}f′(x)=x2+2;常数项导数为零。f′(x)=x2+2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}'\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}f′(x)=x2+2(2)代入切点点 P(−1,f(−1))\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{)}P(−1,f(−1)) 的横坐标是 -1。详细展开:把 x=−1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}x=−1 代入导函数,f′(−1)=(−1)2+2=3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}'\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{3}f′(−1)=(−1)2+2=3,所以曲线在 P 点处切线的斜率为 3。k=f′(−1)=3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{f}'\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{3}k=f′(−1)=3
(1)求导函数切线斜率等于函数在切点处的导数。详细展开:对 f(x)=x3/3+2x−1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{1}f(x)=x3/3+2x−1 逐项求导,得到 f′(x)=x2+2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}'\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}f′(x)=x2+2;常数项导数为零。f′(x)=x2+2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}'\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}f′(x)=x2+2
(2)代入切点点 P(−1,f(−1))\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{)}P(−1,f(−1)) 的横坐标是 -1。详细展开:把 x=−1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}x=−1 代入导函数,f′(−1)=(−1)2+2=3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}'\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{3}f′(−1)=(−1)2+2=3,所以曲线在 P 点处切线的斜率为 3。k=f′(−1)=3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{f}'\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{3}k=f′(−1)=3
10二、填空题 · 数列若数列 {an}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=2}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{n}}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=9}{\}}{an} 的前 n\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{n}n 项和 Sn=n2−10n\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{S}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{n}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{n}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{n}Sn=n2−10n (n=1,2,3,⋯\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{n} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{,} \cdotsn=1,2,3,⋯),则此数列的通项公式为______。答案:an=2n-11题目标签:由前 n 项和求通项解题过程由前 n 项和求通项使用相邻两和作差(1)单独检查首项由前 n 项和求通项时先算 a1=S1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{S}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}}a1=S1。详细展开:a1=12−10⋅1=−9\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=19}{\cdot}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{9}a1=12−10⋅1=−9。首项需要单独检查,因为 Sn−Sn−1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{S}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{n}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{S}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{1}}Sn−Sn−1 的公式通常先对 n≥2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=4}{\ge}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}n≥2 使用。a1=S1=−9\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{S}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{9}a1=S1=−9(2)计算相邻差对 n≥2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=4}{\ge}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}n≥2,有 an=Sn−Sn−1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{n}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{S}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{n}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{S}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{1}}an=Sn−Sn−1。详细展开:展开得 n2−10n−[(n−1)2−10(n−1)]=2n−11\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{n}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{]}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{1}n2−10n−[(n−1)2−10(n−1)]=2n−11。代入 n=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}n=1 也得到 -9,与首项一致,故可统一写为 an=2n−11\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{n}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}an=2n−11。an=2n−11(n∈N∗)\boxed{a_{n}=2n-11\quad(n\in\mathbb{N}^*)}an=2n−11(n∈N∗)
(1)单独检查首项由前 n 项和求通项时先算 a1=S1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{S}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}}a1=S1。详细展开:a1=12−10⋅1=−9\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=19}{\cdot}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{9}a1=12−10⋅1=−9。首项需要单独检查,因为 Sn−Sn−1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{S}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{n}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{S}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{1}}Sn−Sn−1 的公式通常先对 n≥2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=4}{\ge}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}n≥2 使用。a1=S1=−9\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{S}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{9}a1=S1=−9
(2)计算相邻差对 n≥2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=4}{\ge}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}n≥2,有 an=Sn−Sn−1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{n}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{S}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{n}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{S}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{1}}an=Sn−Sn−1。详细展开:展开得 n2−10n−[(n−1)2−10(n−1)]=2n−11\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{n}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{]}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{1}n2−10n−[(n−1)2−10(n−1)]=2n−11。代入 n=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}n=1 也得到 -9,与首项一致,故可统一写为 an=2n−11\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{n}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}an=2n−11。an=2n−11(n∈N∗)\boxed{a_{n}=2n-11\quad(n\in\mathbb{N}^*)}an=2n−11(n∈N∗)
11二、填空题 · 平面向量已知向量 a=(2,4)\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{a}} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{)}a=(2,4), b=(1,1)\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{b}} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{)}b=(1,1)。若向量 b⊥(a+λb)\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{b}} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=21}{\perp }\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{(}\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{a}} \htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=47}{\lambda }\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=59,tutor-end=60}{b}}\htmlData{tutor-start=61,tutor-end=62}{)}b⊥(a+λb),则实数 λ\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=7}{\lambda}λ 的值是______。答案:−3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{3}−3题目标签:向量垂直求参数解题过程由向量垂直求参数把垂直转为点积为零(1)写出和向量先按坐标计算 a⃗+λb⃗\vec{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{a}}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=15}{\lambda}\vec{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{b}}a+λb。详细展开:由 a⃗=(2,4),b⃗=(1,1)\vec{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{a}}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{,}\vec{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{b}}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{)}a=(2,4),b=(1,1),得到 a⃗+λb⃗=(2+λ,4+λ)\vec{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{a}}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=15}{\lambda}\vec{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{b}}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=33}{\lambda}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=43}{\lambda}\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{)}a+λb=(2+λ,4+λ)。a⃗+λb⃗=(2+λ,4+λ)\vec{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{a}}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=15}{\lambda}\vec{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{b}}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=33}{\lambda}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=43}{\lambda}\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{)}a+λb=(2+λ,4+λ)(2)使用点积条件两个非零方向垂直等价于点积为零。详细展开:b⃗⋅(a⃗+λb⃗)=1(2+λ)+1(4+λ)=6+2λ\vec{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{b}}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=12}{\cdot}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{(}\vec{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{a}}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=28}{\lambda}\vec{\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{b}}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=48}{\lambda}\htmlData{tutor-start=48,tutor-end=49}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=50}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=50,tutor-end=51}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=51,tutor-end=52}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=52,tutor-end=53}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=53,tutor-end=54}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=54,tutor-end=61}{\lambda}\htmlData{tutor-start=61,tutor-end=62}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=62,tutor-end=63}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=63,tutor-end=64}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=64,tutor-end=65}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=65,tutor-end=66}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=66,tutor-end=73}{\lambda}b⋅(a+λb)=1(2+λ)+1(4+λ)=6+2λ。令其为零,得 λ=−3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=7}{\lambda}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{3}λ=−3。6+2λ=0⟹λ=−3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=10}{\lambda}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=27}{\Longrightarrow}\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=41}{\lambda}\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{3}}6+2λ=0⟹λ=−3
(1)写出和向量先按坐标计算 a⃗+λb⃗\vec{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{a}}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=15}{\lambda}\vec{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{b}}a+λb。详细展开:由 a⃗=(2,4),b⃗=(1,1)\vec{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{a}}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{,}\vec{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{b}}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{)}a=(2,4),b=(1,1),得到 a⃗+λb⃗=(2+λ,4+λ)\vec{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{a}}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=15}{\lambda}\vec{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{b}}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=33}{\lambda}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=43}{\lambda}\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{)}a+λb=(2+λ,4+λ)。a⃗+λb⃗=(2+λ,4+λ)\vec{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{a}}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=15}{\lambda}\vec{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{b}}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=33}{\lambda}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=43}{\lambda}\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{)}a+λb=(2+λ,4+λ)
(2)使用点积条件两个非零方向垂直等价于点积为零。详细展开:b⃗⋅(a⃗+λb⃗)=1(2+λ)+1(4+λ)=6+2λ\vec{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{b}}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=12}{\cdot}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{(}\vec{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{a}}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=28}{\lambda}\vec{\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{b}}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=48}{\lambda}\htmlData{tutor-start=48,tutor-end=49}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=50}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=50,tutor-end=51}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=51,tutor-end=52}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=52,tutor-end=53}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=53,tutor-end=54}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=54,tutor-end=61}{\lambda}\htmlData{tutor-start=61,tutor-end=62}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=62,tutor-end=63}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=63,tutor-end=64}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=64,tutor-end=65}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=65,tutor-end=66}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=66,tutor-end=73}{\lambda}b⋅(a+λb)=1(2+λ)+1(4+λ)=6+2λ。令其为零,得 λ=−3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=7}{\lambda}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{3}λ=−3。6+2λ=0⟹λ=−3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=10}{\lambda}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=27}{\Longrightarrow}\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=41}{\lambda}\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{3}}6+2λ=0⟹λ=−3
12二、填空题 · 解三角形在 △ABC\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=10}{\triangle }\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{C}△ABC 中,若 tanA=13\tan \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{A} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{3}}tanA=31, C=150∘C = 150^\circC=150∘, BC=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1}BC=1,则 AB=\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{=}AB=______。答案:√10/2题目标签:正弦定理解三角形解题过程由两角和一边求另一边先求 sinA 再用正弦定理(1)由正切求正弦三角形内角 A 为锐角,且 tanA=1/3\tan \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{3}tanA=1/3。详细展开:可取直角三角形两直角边为 1、3,斜边为 10\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{0}}10,从而 sinA=1/10\sin \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{/}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{0}}sinA=1/10。又 C=150∘C=150^\circC=150∘,故 sinC=1/2\sin \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}sinC=1/2。sinA=110,sinC=12\sin A=\frac1{\sqrt{10}},\qquad\sin C=\frac{1}{2}sinA=101,sinC=21(2)应用正弦定理BC\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C}BC 对应角 A,AB\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B}AB 对应角 C。详细展开:由 AB/sinC=BC/sinA\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{/}\sin \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{/}\sin \htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{A}AB/sinC=BC/sinA,代入 BC=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}BC=1 得 AB=sinC/sinA=(1/2)/(1/10)=10/2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=}\sin \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{/}\sin \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{/}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{0}}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{=}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{0}}\htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{2}AB=sinC/sinA=(1/2)/(1/10)=10/2。AB=102\boxed{AB=\frac{\sqrt{10}}2}AB=210
(1)由正切求正弦三角形内角 A 为锐角,且 tanA=1/3\tan \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{3}tanA=1/3。详细展开:可取直角三角形两直角边为 1、3,斜边为 10\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{0}}10,从而 sinA=1/10\sin \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{/}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{0}}sinA=1/10。又 C=150∘C=150^\circC=150∘,故 sinC=1/2\sin \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}sinC=1/2。sinA=110,sinC=12\sin A=\frac1{\sqrt{10}},\qquad\sin C=\frac{1}{2}sinA=101,sinC=21
(2)应用正弦定理BC\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C}BC 对应角 A,AB\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B}AB 对应角 C。详细展开:由 AB/sinC=BC/sinA\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{/}\sin \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{/}\sin \htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{A}AB/sinC=BC/sinA,代入 BC=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}BC=1 得 AB=sinC/sinA=(1/2)/(1/10)=10/2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=}\sin \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{/}\sin \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{/}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{0}}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{=}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{0}}\htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{2}AB=sinC/sinA=(1/2)/(1/10)=10/2。AB=102\boxed{AB=\frac{\sqrt{10}}2}AB=210
13二、填空题 · 三角函数2002 年在北京召开的国际数学家大会,会标是以我国古代数学家赵爽的弦图为基础设计的。弦图是由四个全等直角三角形与一个小正方形拼成的一个大正方形(如图)。如果小正方形的面积为 1,大正方形的面积为 25,直角三角形中较小的锐角为 θ\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=6}{\theta}θ,那么 cos2θ\cos \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=12}{\theta}cos2θ 的值等于______。原卷图示 1原卷第 1 页 · qwen3.7-plus_layout_detection · 需复核答案:7/25题目标签:拼图与二倍角解题过程由拼图边长求二倍角余弦建立两直角边的和差关系(1)提取直角三角形边长关系设图中直角三角形两直角边为 a<b\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{<}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{b}a<b,斜边为外方形边长 5。详细展开:中央小正方形边长等于两直角边之差,故 b−a=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}b−a=1;勾股定理给 a2+b2=25\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{5}a2+b2=25。由 (a+b)2=a2+b2+2ab\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{b}(a+b)2=a2+b2+2ab,而 (b−a)2=1=25−2ab\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{b}(b−a)2=1=25−2ab,得 2ab=24\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{4}2ab=24,所以 a+b=7\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{7}a+b=7。b−a=1,a2+b2=25,a+b=7\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,}\quad \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{,}\quad \htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{7}b−a=1,a2+b2=25,a+b=7(2)计算 cos2θ由图中角 θ 可取 sinθ=a/5,cosθ=b/5\sin\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=10}{\theta}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{,}\cos\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=25}{\theta}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{5}sinθ=a/5,cosθ=b/5。详细展开:cos2θ=cos2θ−sin2θ=(b2−a2)/25=(b−a)(b+a)/25=1⋅7/25\cos\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=11}{\theta}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=}\cos^{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=26}{\theta}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{-}\sin^{\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=41}{\theta}\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=48,tutor-end=49}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=50}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=52,tutor-end=53}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=54,tutor-end=55}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=55,tutor-end=56}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=56,tutor-end=57}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=57,tutor-end=58}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=58,tutor-end=59}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=59,tutor-end=60}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=60,tutor-end=61}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=61,tutor-end=62}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=62,tutor-end=63}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=63,tutor-end=64}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=64,tutor-end=65}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=65,tutor-end=66}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=66,tutor-end=67}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=67,tutor-end=68}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=68,tutor-end=69}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=69,tutor-end=70}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=70,tutor-end=71}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=71,tutor-end=72}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=72,tutor-end=73}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=73,tutor-end=74}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=74,tutor-end=79}{\cdot}\htmlData{tutor-start=79,tutor-end=80}{7}\htmlData{tutor-start=80,tutor-end=81}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=81,tutor-end=82}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=82,tutor-end=83}{5}cos2θ=cos2θ−sin2θ=(b2−a2)/25=(b−a)(b+a)/25=1⋅7/25。cos2theta=725\boxed{\cos2\\theta=\frac7{25}}cos2theta=257
(1)提取直角三角形边长关系设图中直角三角形两直角边为 a<b\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{<}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{b}a<b,斜边为外方形边长 5。详细展开:中央小正方形边长等于两直角边之差,故 b−a=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}b−a=1;勾股定理给 a2+b2=25\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{5}a2+b2=25。由 (a+b)2=a2+b2+2ab\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{b}(a+b)2=a2+b2+2ab,而 (b−a)2=1=25−2ab\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{b}(b−a)2=1=25−2ab,得 2ab=24\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{4}2ab=24,所以 a+b=7\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{7}a+b=7。b−a=1,a2+b2=25,a+b=7\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,}\quad \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{,}\quad \htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{7}b−a=1,a2+b2=25,a+b=7
(2)计算 cos2θ由图中角 θ 可取 sinθ=a/5,cosθ=b/5\sin\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=10}{\theta}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{,}\cos\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=25}{\theta}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{5}sinθ=a/5,cosθ=b/5。详细展开:cos2θ=cos2θ−sin2θ=(b2−a2)/25=(b−a)(b+a)/25=1⋅7/25\cos\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=11}{\theta}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=}\cos^{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=26}{\theta}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{-}\sin^{\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=41}{\theta}\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=48,tutor-end=49}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=50}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=52,tutor-end=53}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=54,tutor-end=55}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=55,tutor-end=56}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=56,tutor-end=57}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=57,tutor-end=58}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=58,tutor-end=59}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=59,tutor-end=60}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=60,tutor-end=61}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=61,tutor-end=62}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=62,tutor-end=63}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=63,tutor-end=64}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=64,tutor-end=65}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=65,tutor-end=66}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=66,tutor-end=67}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=67,tutor-end=68}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=68,tutor-end=69}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=69,tutor-end=70}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=70,tutor-end=71}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=71,tutor-end=72}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=72,tutor-end=73}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=73,tutor-end=74}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=74,tutor-end=79}{\cdot}\htmlData{tutor-start=79,tutor-end=80}{7}\htmlData{tutor-start=80,tutor-end=81}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=81,tutor-end=82}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=82,tutor-end=83}{5}cos2θ=cos2θ−sin2θ=(b2−a2)/25=(b−a)(b+a)/25=1⋅7/25。cos2theta=725\boxed{\cos2\\theta=\frac7{25}}cos2theta=257
14二、填空题 · 函数已知函数 f(x),g(x)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{g}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{)}f(x),g(x) 分别由下表给出 x123f(x)211\begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|} \hline \htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{x} & \htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{1} & \htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{2} & \htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{3} \\ \hline \htmlData{tutor-start=56,tutor-end=57}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=57,tutor-end=58}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=58,tutor-end=59}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=59,tutor-end=60}{)} & \htmlData{tutor-start=63,tutor-end=64}{2} & \htmlData{tutor-start=67,tutor-end=68}{1} & \htmlData{tutor-start=71,tutor-end=72}{1} \\ \hline \end{array}xf(x)122131 x123g(x)321\begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|} \hline \htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{x} & \htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{1} & \htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{2} & \htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{3} \\ \hline \htmlData{tutor-start=56,tutor-end=57}{g}\htmlData{tutor-start=57,tutor-end=58}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=58,tutor-end=59}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=59,tutor-end=60}{)} & \htmlData{tutor-start=63,tutor-end=64}{3} & \htmlData{tutor-start=67,tutor-end=68}{2} & \htmlData{tutor-start=71,tutor-end=72}{1} \\ \hline \end{array}xg(x)132231 则 f[g(1)]\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{g}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{]}f[g(1)] 的值为______;当 g[f(x)]=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{g}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{]} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}g[f(x)]=2 时,x=\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=}x=______。答案:1;1题目标签:复合函数查表解题过程读取函数表格求值严格按复合顺序查表(1)计算 f[g(1)]复合函数先算中括号内的 g(1)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{g}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)}g(1)。详细展开:由表读得 g(1)=3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{g}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{3}g(1)=3,再查 f 表得 f(3)=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1}f(3)=1,因此 f[g(1)]=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{g}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{]}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{1}f[g(1)]=1。g(1)=3,f[g(1)]=f(3)=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{g}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{,}\qquad \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{g}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{]}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{1}g(1)=3,f[g(1)]=f(3)=1(2)解 g[f(x)]=2先找哪些 f 值送入 g 后等于 2。详细展开:由 g 表只有 g(2)=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{g}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{2}g(2)=2,故必须 f(x)=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{2}f(x)=2。再查 f 表,只有 f(1)=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{2}f(1)=2,所以 x=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}x=1。g[f(x)]=2 ⟺ f(x)=2 ⟺ x=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{g}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{]}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{2}\iff \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{2}\iff\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{1}}g[f(x)]=2⟺f(x)=2⟺x=1
(1)计算 f[g(1)]复合函数先算中括号内的 g(1)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{g}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)}g(1)。详细展开:由表读得 g(1)=3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{g}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{3}g(1)=3,再查 f 表得 f(3)=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1}f(3)=1,因此 f[g(1)]=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{g}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{]}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{1}f[g(1)]=1。g(1)=3,f[g(1)]=f(3)=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{g}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{,}\qquad \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{g}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{]}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{1}g(1)=3,f[g(1)]=f(3)=1
(2)解 g[f(x)]=2先找哪些 f 值送入 g 后等于 2。详细展开:由 g 表只有 g(2)=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{g}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{2}g(2)=2,故必须 f(x)=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{2}f(x)=2。再查 f 表,只有 f(1)=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{2}f(1)=2,所以 x=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}x=1。g[f(x)]=2 ⟺ f(x)=2 ⟺ x=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{g}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{]}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{2}\iff \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{2}\iff\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{1}}g[f(x)]=2⟺f(x)=2⟺x=1
15三、解答题 · 集合与不等式记关于 x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}x 的不等式 x−ax+1<0\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{a}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{0}x+1x−a<0 的解集为 P\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{P}P,不等式 ∣x−1∣⩽1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{|} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=18}{\leqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{1}∣x−1∣⩽1 的解集为 Q\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{Q}Q。 (1) 若 a=3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{3}a=3,求 P\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{P}P; (2) 若 Q⊆P\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{Q} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=12}{\subseteq }\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{P}Q⊆P,求正数 a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}a 的取值范围。答案:(-1,3),[0,2];a>2题目标签:集合包含与参数解题过程集合包含关系求参数解不等式并比较区间(1)求 P 与 Q先把两个分式不等式化成区间。详细展开:当 a=3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{3}a=3 时,(x−3)/(x+1)<0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{<}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{0}(x−3)/(x+1)<0 在零点 3 与无定义点 -1 之间成立,所以 P=(−1,3)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{)}P=(−1,3)。而 x(2−x)≥0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=9}{\ge}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{0}x(2−x)≥0 在两零点之间成立,故 Q=[0,2]\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{Q}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{]}Q=[0,2]。P=(−1,3),Q=[0,2]\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{,}\qquad \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{Q}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{]}P=(−1,3),Q=[0,2](2)由 Q⊆P 求 a一般 a>0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{>}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}a>0 时,(x−a)/(x+1)<0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{<}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{0}(x−a)/(x+1)<0 的解集为 (−1,a)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}(−1,a)。详细展开:要让闭区间 [0,2]\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{]}[0,2] 全部包含在开区间 (−1,a)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}(−1,a) 中,右端点 2 必须满足 2<a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{<}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{a}2<a;等号时 2 是分子零点而不属于 P。因此参数范围为 a>2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{>}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}a>2。Q⊆P ⟺ 2<a⟹a>2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{Q}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=11}{\subseteq }\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{P}\iff\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{<}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=34}{\Longrightarrow}\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{>}\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{2}}Q⊆P⟺2<a⟹a>2
(1)求 P 与 Q先把两个分式不等式化成区间。详细展开:当 a=3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{3}a=3 时,(x−3)/(x+1)<0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{<}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{0}(x−3)/(x+1)<0 在零点 3 与无定义点 -1 之间成立,所以 P=(−1,3)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{)}P=(−1,3)。而 x(2−x)≥0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=9}{\ge}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{0}x(2−x)≥0 在两零点之间成立,故 Q=[0,2]\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{Q}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{]}Q=[0,2]。P=(−1,3),Q=[0,2]\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{,}\qquad \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{Q}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{]}P=(−1,3),Q=[0,2]
(2)由 Q⊆P 求 a一般 a>0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{>}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}a>0 时,(x−a)/(x+1)<0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{<}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{0}(x−a)/(x+1)<0 的解集为 (−1,a)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}(−1,a)。详细展开:要让闭区间 [0,2]\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{]}[0,2] 全部包含在开区间 (−1,a)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}(−1,a) 中,右端点 2 必须满足 2<a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{<}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{a}2<a;等号时 2 是分子零点而不属于 P。因此参数范围为 a>2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{>}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}a>2。Q⊆P ⟺ 2<a⟹a>2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{Q}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=11}{\subseteq }\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{P}\iff\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{<}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=34}{\Longrightarrow}\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{>}\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{2}}Q⊆P⟺2<a⟹a>2
16三、解答题 · 数列数列 {an}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=2}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{n}}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=9}{\}}{an} 中,a1=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{2}a1=2, an+1=an+cn\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{n}} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{c}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{n}an+1=an+cn (c\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{c}c 是常数,n=1,2,3,⋯\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{n} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{,} \cdotsn=1,2,3,⋯),且 a1,a2,a3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{3}}a1,a2,a3 成公比不为 1 的等比数列。 (1) 求 c\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{c}c 的值; (2) 求 {an}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=2}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{n}}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=9}{\}}{an} 的通项公式。答案:an=n²-n+2题目标签:二阶差分数列解题过程由等比条件确定数列先求公差再写通项(1)表示前三项并列等比条件二阶差分恒为常数 c,所以一阶差分构成首项为 c、公差为 c 的等差数列。详细展开:由 a1=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}a1=2 得 a2=2+c\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{c}a2=2+c,再由 a3−a2=2c\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{c}a3−a2=2c 得 a3=2+3c\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{c}a3=2+3c。前三项成等比数列等价于 a22=a1a3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{3}}a22=a1a3。a2=2+c,a3=2+3c,(2+c)2=2(2+3c)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{c}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{,}\quad \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{c}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{,}\quad\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{c}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{c}\htmlData{tutor-start=48,tutor-end=49}{)}a2=2+c,a3=2+3c,(2+c)2=2(2+3c)(2)筛选 c 并求通项解等比中项方程,并使用公比不为 1。详细展开:展开得 c2−2c=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{c}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{c}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{0}c2−2c=0,故 c=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{c}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}c=0 或 2。若 c=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{c}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}c=0,三项全为 2,公比为 1,不合题意,故 c=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{c}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}c=2。于是 an=2+∑k=1n−12k=2+n(n−1)=n2−n+2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{n}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{+}\sum_{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{1}}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{n}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{2}an=2+∑k=1n−12k=2+n(n−1)=n2−n+2。an=n2−n+2\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{n}}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{n}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{2}}an=n2−n+2
(1)表示前三项并列等比条件二阶差分恒为常数 c,所以一阶差分构成首项为 c、公差为 c 的等差数列。详细展开:由 a1=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}a1=2 得 a2=2+c\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{c}a2=2+c,再由 a3−a2=2c\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{c}a3−a2=2c 得 a3=2+3c\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{c}a3=2+3c。前三项成等比数列等价于 a22=a1a3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{3}}a22=a1a3。a2=2+c,a3=2+3c,(2+c)2=2(2+3c)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{c}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{,}\quad \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{c}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{,}\quad\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{c}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{c}\htmlData{tutor-start=48,tutor-end=49}{)}a2=2+c,a3=2+3c,(2+c)2=2(2+3c)
(2)筛选 c 并求通项解等比中项方程,并使用公比不为 1。详细展开:展开得 c2−2c=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{c}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{c}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{0}c2−2c=0,故 c=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{c}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}c=0 或 2。若 c=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{c}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}c=0,三项全为 2,公比为 1,不合题意,故 c=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{c}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}c=2。于是 an=2+∑k=1n−12k=2+n(n−1)=n2−n+2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{n}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{+}\sum_{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{1}}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{n}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{2}an=2+∑k=1n−12k=2+n(n−1)=n2−n+2。an=n2−n+2\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{n}}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{n}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{2}}an=n2−n+2
17三、解答题 · 立体几何如图,在 Rt△AOB\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=10}{\triangle }\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{B}△AOB 中,∠OAB=π6\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=7}{\angle }\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{B} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=22}{\pi}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{6}}∠OAB=6π,斜边 AB=4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{4}AB=4。Rt△AOC\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=10}{\triangle }\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{C}△AOC 可以通过 Rt△AOB\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=10}{\triangle }\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{B}△AOB 以直线 AO\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{O}AO 为轴旋转得到,且二面角 B−AO−C\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{C}B−AO−C 是直二面角。D\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{D}D 是 AB\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B}AB 的中点。 (1) 求证:平面 COD⊥\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{D} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=9}{\perp}COD⊥ 平面 AOB\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{B}AOB; (2) 求异面直线 AO\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{O}AO 与 CD\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{D}CD 所成角的大小。原卷图示 1原卷第 1 页 · qwen3.7-plus_layout_detection · 需复核答案:见证明;arccos(√6/4)题目标签:直二面角与异面直线角解题过程(1)证明平面垂直用二面角建立空间坐标关系(1)求基本长度与垂直关系直角三角形 AOB 中 AB=4,∠BAO=30∘AB=4,\angle BAO=30^\circAB=4,∠BAO=30∘。详细展开:由 30° 直角三角形得 OB=2,AO=23\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{2}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{3}}OB=2,AO=23。旋转保持长度与直角,所以 OC=OB=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}OC=OB=2 且 OC⊥AO\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=8}{\perp }\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{O}OC⊥AO;直二面角 B-AO-C 的平面角是 ∠BOC=90∘\angle BOC=90^\circ∠BOC=90∘,故 OC⊥OB\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=8}{\perp }\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{B}OC⊥OB。OB=OC=2,AO=23,OC⊥AO, OC⊥OB\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{,}\quad \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{2}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{,}\quad \htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=41}{\perp }\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=46}{\ }\htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=48,tutor-end=54}{\perp }\htmlData{tutor-start=54,tutor-end=55}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=55,tutor-end=56}{B}OB=OC=2,AO=23,OC⊥AO, OC⊥OB(2)推出两平面垂直OC 同时垂直平面 AOB 内相交直线 AO、OB。详细展开:因此 OC⊥\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=7}{\perp}OC⊥ 平面 AOB。直线 OC 又位于平面 COD 中,所以包含一条垂直于平面 AOB 的直线的平面 COD 与平面 AOB 垂直。OC⊥平面 AOB⟹平面 COD⊥平面 AOB\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=7}{\perp}\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{平}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{面} }\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=35}{\Longrightarrow}\boxed{\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=48,tutor-end=49}{平}\htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=50}{面} }\htmlData{tutor-start=52,tutor-end=53}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=53,tutor-end=54}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=54,tutor-end=55}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=55,tutor-end=60}{\perp}\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=66,tutor-end=67}{平}\htmlData{tutor-start=67,tutor-end=68}{面} }\htmlData{tutor-start=70,tutor-end=71}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=71,tutor-end=72}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=72,tutor-end=73}{B}}OC⊥平面 AOB⟹平面 COD⊥平面 AOB(2)求异面直线所成角建立坐标并计算方向向量夹角(1)建立坐标取 O 为原点,分别沿 OA、OB、OC 建立互相垂直的坐标轴。详细展开:可设 O=(0,0,0),A=(23,0,0),B=(0,2,0),C=(0,0,2)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{)}O=(0,0,0),A=(23,0,0),B=(0,2,0),C=(0,0,2)。D 是 AB 中点,所以 D=(3,1,0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{)}D=(3,1,0)。D=(3,1,0),CD→=(3,1,−2)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{,}\qquad\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{D}}\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{(}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=50,tutor-end=51}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=52,tutor-end=53}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=53,tutor-end=54}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=54,tutor-end=55}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=55,tutor-end=56}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=56,tutor-end=57}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=57,tutor-end=58}{)}D=(3,1,0),CD=(3,1,−2)(2)计算夹角余弦AO 的方向可取单位 x 轴方向。详细展开:∣CD→∣=3+1+4=22\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{D}}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{=}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{4}}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{2}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{2}}∣CD∣=3+1+4=22,其在 AO 方向的分量绝对值为 3\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{3}}3。故异面直线 AO 与 CD 所成锐角 θ 满足 cosθ=3/(22)=6/4\cos\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=10}{\theta}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{=}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{2}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{=}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{6}}\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{4}cosθ=3/(22)=6/4。theta=arccos64\boxed{\\\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{h}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{e}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{=}\arccos\frac{\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{6}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{4}}}theta=arccos46
(1)求基本长度与垂直关系直角三角形 AOB 中 AB=4,∠BAO=30∘AB=4,\angle BAO=30^\circAB=4,∠BAO=30∘。详细展开:由 30° 直角三角形得 OB=2,AO=23\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{2}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{3}}OB=2,AO=23。旋转保持长度与直角,所以 OC=OB=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}OC=OB=2 且 OC⊥AO\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=8}{\perp }\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{O}OC⊥AO;直二面角 B-AO-C 的平面角是 ∠BOC=90∘\angle BOC=90^\circ∠BOC=90∘,故 OC⊥OB\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=8}{\perp }\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{B}OC⊥OB。OB=OC=2,AO=23,OC⊥AO, OC⊥OB\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{,}\quad \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{2}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{,}\quad \htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=41}{\perp }\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=46}{\ }\htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=48,tutor-end=54}{\perp }\htmlData{tutor-start=54,tutor-end=55}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=55,tutor-end=56}{B}OB=OC=2,AO=23,OC⊥AO, OC⊥OB
(2)推出两平面垂直OC 同时垂直平面 AOB 内相交直线 AO、OB。详细展开:因此 OC⊥\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=7}{\perp}OC⊥ 平面 AOB。直线 OC 又位于平面 COD 中,所以包含一条垂直于平面 AOB 的直线的平面 COD 与平面 AOB 垂直。OC⊥平面 AOB⟹平面 COD⊥平面 AOB\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=7}{\perp}\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{平}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{面} }\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=35}{\Longrightarrow}\boxed{\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=48,tutor-end=49}{平}\htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=50}{面} }\htmlData{tutor-start=52,tutor-end=53}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=53,tutor-end=54}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=54,tutor-end=55}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=55,tutor-end=60}{\perp}\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=66,tutor-end=67}{平}\htmlData{tutor-start=67,tutor-end=68}{面} }\htmlData{tutor-start=70,tutor-end=71}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=71,tutor-end=72}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=72,tutor-end=73}{B}}OC⊥平面 AOB⟹平面 COD⊥平面 AOB
(1)建立坐标取 O 为原点,分别沿 OA、OB、OC 建立互相垂直的坐标轴。详细展开:可设 O=(0,0,0),A=(23,0,0),B=(0,2,0),C=(0,0,2)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{)}O=(0,0,0),A=(23,0,0),B=(0,2,0),C=(0,0,2)。D 是 AB 中点,所以 D=(3,1,0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{)}D=(3,1,0)。D=(3,1,0),CD→=(3,1,−2)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{,}\qquad\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{D}}\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{(}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=50,tutor-end=51}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=52,tutor-end=53}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=53,tutor-end=54}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=54,tutor-end=55}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=55,tutor-end=56}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=56,tutor-end=57}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=57,tutor-end=58}{)}D=(3,1,0),CD=(3,1,−2)
(2)计算夹角余弦AO 的方向可取单位 x 轴方向。详细展开:∣CD→∣=3+1+4=22\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{D}}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{=}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{4}}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{2}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{2}}∣CD∣=3+1+4=22,其在 AO 方向的分量绝对值为 3\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{3}}3。故异面直线 AO 与 CD 所成锐角 θ 满足 cosθ=3/(22)=6/4\cos\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=10}{\theta}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{=}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{2}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{=}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{6}}\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{4}cosθ=3/(22)=6/4。theta=arccos64\boxed{\\\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{h}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{e}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{=}\arccos\frac{\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{6}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{4}}}theta=arccos46
18三、解答题 · 概率某条公共汽车线路沿线共有 11 个车站(包括起点站和终点站). 在起点站开出的一辆公共汽车上有 6 位乘客,假设每位乘客在起点站之外的各个车站下车是等可能的. 求: (1) 这 6 位乘客在互不相同的车站下车的概率; (2) 这 6 位乘客中恰有 3 人在终点站下车的概率;答案:A(10,6)/10⁶;729/50000题目标签:独立下车概率解题过程(1)六人目的地互不相同的概率用排列数除以全部选择数(1)确定样本空间列车除始发站外共有 10 个可下车站,每人等可能选择。详细展开:6 人独立选择目的地,全部有序结果数为 106\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{0}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{6}}106。人员有区别,因此不能用无序组合表示样本点。∣Ω∣=106\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=7}{\Omega}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{0}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{6}}∣Ω∣=106(2)计数互异结果六个目的地互不相同,相当于给六个有区别的人分配不同站。详细展开:依次有 10,9,8,7,6,5\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{8}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{7}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{5}10,9,8,7,6,5 种选择,有利结果数 A106\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{6}}A106,所以概率为 A106/106\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{6}}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{0}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{6}}A106/106。P=A106106\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{A}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{0}}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{6}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{0}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{6}}}}P=106A106(2)恰有三人在终点下车使用二项分布(1)识别单人概率终点是 10 个目的地中的一个。详细展开:每个人在终点下车的概率是 1/10\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{0}1/10,不在终点下车的概率是 9/10\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{0}9/10,且六人的选择彼此独立。p=110,1−p=910p=\frac1{10},\qquad1-p=\frac9{10}p=101,1−p=109(2)计算二项概率从六人中选出恰好三人到终点。详细展开:有 (63)\binom63(36) 种选法,每一种的概率为 (1/10)3(9/10)3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{3}}(1/10)3(9/10)3,因此 P=(63)(1/10)3(9/10)3=729/50000P=\binom63(1/10)^{3}(9/10)^{3}=729/50000P=(36)(1/10)3(9/10)3=729/50000。P=(63)(110)3(910)3=72950000\boxed{P=\binom63\left(\frac1{10}\right)^{3}\left(\frac9{10}\right)^{3}=\frac{729}{50000}}P=(36)(101)3(109)3=50000729
(1)确定样本空间列车除始发站外共有 10 个可下车站,每人等可能选择。详细展开:6 人独立选择目的地,全部有序结果数为 106\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{0}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{6}}106。人员有区别,因此不能用无序组合表示样本点。∣Ω∣=106\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=7}{\Omega}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{0}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{6}}∣Ω∣=106
(2)计数互异结果六个目的地互不相同,相当于给六个有区别的人分配不同站。详细展开:依次有 10,9,8,7,6,5\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{8}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{7}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{5}10,9,8,7,6,5 种选择,有利结果数 A106\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{6}}A106,所以概率为 A106/106\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{6}}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{0}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{6}}A106/106。P=A106106\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{A}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{0}}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{6}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{0}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{6}}}}P=106A106
(1)识别单人概率终点是 10 个目的地中的一个。详细展开:每个人在终点下车的概率是 1/10\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{0}1/10,不在终点下车的概率是 9/10\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{0}9/10,且六人的选择彼此独立。p=110,1−p=910p=\frac1{10},\qquad1-p=\frac9{10}p=101,1−p=109
(2)计算二项概率从六人中选出恰好三人到终点。详细展开:有 (63)\binom63(36) 种选法,每一种的概率为 (1/10)3(9/10)3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{3}}(1/10)3(9/10)3,因此 P=(63)(1/10)3(9/10)3=729/50000P=\binom63(1/10)^{3}(9/10)^{3}=729/50000P=(36)(1/10)3(9/10)3=729/50000。P=(63)(110)3(910)3=72950000\boxed{P=\binom63\left(\frac1{10}\right)^{3}\left(\frac9{10}\right)^{3}=\frac{729}{50000}}P=(36)(101)3(109)3=50000729
19三、解答题 · 解析几何如图,矩形 ABCD\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{D}ABCD 的两条对角线相交于点 M(2,0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}M(2,0),AB\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B}AB 边所在直线的方程为 x−3y−6=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{0}x−3y−6=0,点 T(−1,1)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{T}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{)}T(−1,1) 在 AD\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{D}AD 边所在直线上. (1) 求 AD\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{D}AD 边所在直线的方程; (2) 求矩形 ABCD\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{D}ABCD 外接圆的方程; (3) 若动圆 P\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{P}P 过点 N(−2,0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{N}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{)}N(−2,0),且与矩形 ABCD\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{D}ABCD 的外接圆外切,求动圆 P\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{P}P 的圆心的轨迹方程.原卷图示 1原卷第 2 页 · qwen3.7-plus_layout_detection · 需复核答案:3x+y+2=0,(x-2)²+y²=8;双曲线左支题目标签:矩形外接圆与动圆轨迹解题过程(1)求矩形边与外接圆方程由斜率垂直确定边线,再求中心半径(1)求 AD 方程矩形相邻边互相垂直,且 AD 经过点 T(-1,1)。详细展开:直线 AB 的方程为 x−3y−6=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{0}x−3y−6=0,斜率是 1/3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{3}1/3,所以 AD 斜率为 -3。由点斜式 y−1=−3(x+1)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{)}y−1=−3(x+1),整理得 3x+y+2=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{0}3x+y+2=0。AD:3x+y+2=0\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{:}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{0}}AD:3x+y+2=0(2)求外接圆先联立 AB、AD 得顶点 A,再用对角线中点 M 作圆心。详细展开:联立两直线得 A=(0,−2)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{)}A=(0,−2)。矩形外接圆圆心是对角线交点 M=(2,0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{)}M=(2,0),半径平方 MA2=(2−0)2+(0+2)2=8\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{A}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{8}MA2=(2−0)2+(0+2)2=8,故圆方程为 (x−2)2+y2=8\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{y}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{8}(x−2)2+y2=8。(x−2)2+y2=8\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{y}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{8}}(x−2)2+y2=8(2)求动圆圆心轨迹把外切条件识别为双曲线距离差(1)建立距离差条件设动圆圆心为 P,因过 N(-2,0),其半径为 PN。详细展开:固定圆圆心为 M=(2,0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{)}M=(2,0)、半径为 22\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}}22。两圆外切时圆心距等于半径和,故 PM=PN+22\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{N}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}}PM=PN+22,即 PM−PN=22\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{N}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}}PM−PN=22。PM−PN=22\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{N}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}}PM−PN=22(2)写出双曲线分支M、N 是相距 4 的两个定点,距离差为常数。详细展开:双曲线焦点为 (±2,0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=4}{\pm}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{)}(±2,0),2a=22\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}}2a=22 得 a2=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}a2=2,c2=4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{c}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{4}c2=4,所以 b2=c2−a2=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{c}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{2}b2=c2−a2=2。因 PM−PN>0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{N}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{>}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{0}PM−PN>0,P 更靠近 N,取左支 x≤−2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=4}{\le}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{-}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}}x≤−2。x22−y22=1,x≤−2\boxed{\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{-}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{y}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{2}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{,}\quad \htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=48,tutor-end=51}{\le}\htmlData{tutor-start=51,tutor-end=52}{-}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=58,tutor-end=59}{2}}}2x2−2y2=1,x≤−2
(1)求 AD 方程矩形相邻边互相垂直,且 AD 经过点 T(-1,1)。详细展开:直线 AB 的方程为 x−3y−6=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{0}x−3y−6=0,斜率是 1/3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{3}1/3,所以 AD 斜率为 -3。由点斜式 y−1=−3(x+1)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{)}y−1=−3(x+1),整理得 3x+y+2=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{0}3x+y+2=0。AD:3x+y+2=0\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{:}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{0}}AD:3x+y+2=0
(2)求外接圆先联立 AB、AD 得顶点 A,再用对角线中点 M 作圆心。详细展开:联立两直线得 A=(0,−2)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{)}A=(0,−2)。矩形外接圆圆心是对角线交点 M=(2,0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{)}M=(2,0),半径平方 MA2=(2−0)2+(0+2)2=8\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{A}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{8}MA2=(2−0)2+(0+2)2=8,故圆方程为 (x−2)2+y2=8\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{y}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{8}(x−2)2+y2=8。(x−2)2+y2=8\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{y}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{8}}(x−2)2+y2=8
(1)建立距离差条件设动圆圆心为 P,因过 N(-2,0),其半径为 PN。详细展开:固定圆圆心为 M=(2,0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{)}M=(2,0)、半径为 22\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}}22。两圆外切时圆心距等于半径和,故 PM=PN+22\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{N}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}}PM=PN+22,即 PM−PN=22\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{N}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}}PM−PN=22。PM−PN=22\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{N}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}}PM−PN=22
(2)写出双曲线分支M、N 是相距 4 的两个定点,距离差为常数。详细展开:双曲线焦点为 (±2,0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=4}{\pm}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{)}(±2,0),2a=22\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}}2a=22 得 a2=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}a2=2,c2=4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{c}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{4}c2=4,所以 b2=c2−a2=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{c}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{2}b2=c2−a2=2。因 PM−PN>0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{N}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{>}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{0}PM−PN>0,P 更靠近 N,取左支 x≤−2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=4}{\le}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{-}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}}x≤−2。x22−y22=1,x≤−2\boxed{\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{-}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{y}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{2}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{,}\quad \htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=48,tutor-end=51}{\le}\htmlData{tutor-start=51,tutor-end=52}{-}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=58,tutor-end=59}{2}}}2x2−2y2=1,x≤−2
20三、解答题 · 导数与解析几何已知函数 y=kx\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x}y=kx 与 y=x2+2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{2}y=x2+2 (x⩾0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=13}{\geqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{)}(x⩾0) 的图象相交于 A(x1,y1)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{y}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{)}A(x1,y1),B(x2,y2)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{y}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{)}B(x2,y2). l1,l2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{l}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{l}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}}l1,l2 分别是 y=x2+2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{2}y=x2+2 (x⩾0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=13}{\geqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{)}(x⩾0) 的图象在 A,B\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{B}A,B 两点的切线,M,N\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{N}M,N 分别是 l1,l2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{l}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{l}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}}l1,l2 与 x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}x 轴的交点. (1) 求 k\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k}k 的取值范围; (2) 设 t\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{t}t 为点 M\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{M}M 的横坐标,当 x1<x2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}}x1<x2 时,写出 t\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{t}t 以 x1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}x1 为自变量的函数式,并求其定义域和值域; (3) 试比较 ∣OM∣\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{|}∣OM∣ 与 ∣ON∣\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{N}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{|}∣ON∣ 的大小,并说明理由(O\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}O 是坐标原点).答案:k>2√2;(-∞,0);OM=ON题目标签:抛物线交点与切线截距解题过程(1)求两交点时的参数范围把交点问题转为二次方程根(1)建立交点方程联立直线 y=kx\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x}y=kx 与抛物线 y=x2+2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{2}y=x2+2。详细展开:交点横坐标满足 x2−kx+2=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{0}x2−kx+2=0。要有两个不同交点,判别式 k2−8>0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{8}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{>}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{0}k2−8>0;又两根乘积为 2、和为 k,要两根非负只能取 k>0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{>}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}k>0。x2−kx+2=0,k2−8>0,k>0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{,}\quad \htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{k}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{8}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{>}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{,}\quad \htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{>}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{0}x2−kx+2=0,k2−8>0,k>0(2)合并条件正根条件与判别式条件共同限制 k。详细展开:由 k>0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{>}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}k>0 与 ∣k∣>22\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{>}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}}∣k∣>22 合并,得到 k>22\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{>}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}k>22。此时两根均为正且不同,满足非负半轴上有两个交点。k>22\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{>}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}}}k>22(2)求切线横截距范围用切点横坐标参数化(1)写切线横截距设较小交点的横坐标为 x1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}x1,则 0<x1<2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{<}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{<}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}}0<x1<2。详细展开:抛物线在横坐标 x 处的切线为 y=2xX+2−x2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{X}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}}y=2xX+2−x2。令 y=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}y=0 得横截距 t=(x2−2)/(2x)=x/2−1/x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{x}t=(x2−2)/(2x)=x/2−1/x,故 M 的横坐标为 t(x1)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{)}t(x1)。t(x)=x2−1x,0<x1<2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{=}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{x}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{-}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{x}}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{,}\qquad\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{<}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{<}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=50}{2}}t(x)=2x−x1,0<x1<2(2)求值域t(x)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)}t(x) 在正半轴严格递增。详细展开:t′(x)=1/2+1/x2>0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{t}'\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{>}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{0}t′(x)=1/2+1/x2>0。当 x→0+x\to0^+x→0+ 时 t→−∞\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=4}{\to}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=11}{\infty}t→−∞;当 x→2−x\to\sqrt{2}^-x→2− 时 t→0−t\to0^-t→0−。两个端点都不取,所以 M 的横坐标范围是 (−∞,0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=8}{\infty}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{)}(−∞,0)。xM∈(−∞,0)\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{M}}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=15}{\in}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=23}{\infty}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{)}}xM∈(−∞,0)(3)证明两截距到原点等距利用两根乘积构造相反数(1)联系两个切点设两交点横坐标为 x1<x2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{<}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}x1<x2。详细展开:由交点二次方程的韦达定理,x1x2=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}x1x2=2,所以 x2=2/x1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{1}}x2=2/x1。两个切线横截距分别是 ti=xi/2−1/xi\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{t}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{i}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{i}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{i}}ti=xi/2−1/xi。x1x2=2,ti=xi2−1xix_{1}x_{2}=2,\qquad t_{i}=\frac{x_{i}}{2}-\frac1{x_{i}}x1x2=2,ti=2xi−xi1(2)证明截距互为相反数把 x2=2/x1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{1}}x2=2/x1 代入第二个截距。详细展开:t2=1/x1−x1/2=−t1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{t}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{t}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{1}}t2=1/x1−x1/2=−t1。M、N 都在 x 轴上,所以 OM=∣t1∣,ON=∣t2∣\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{t}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{N}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{t}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{|}OM=∣t1∣,ON=∣t2∣,由绝对值相等得到 OM=ON\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{N}OM=ON。t2=−t1⟹OM=ON\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{t}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{t}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=27}{\Longrightarrow}\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{N}}t2=−t1⟹OM=ON
(1)建立交点方程联立直线 y=kx\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x}y=kx 与抛物线 y=x2+2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{2}y=x2+2。详细展开:交点横坐标满足 x2−kx+2=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{0}x2−kx+2=0。要有两个不同交点,判别式 k2−8>0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{8}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{>}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{0}k2−8>0;又两根乘积为 2、和为 k,要两根非负只能取 k>0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{>}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}k>0。x2−kx+2=0,k2−8>0,k>0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{,}\quad \htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{k}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{8}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{>}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{,}\quad \htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{>}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{0}x2−kx+2=0,k2−8>0,k>0
(2)合并条件正根条件与判别式条件共同限制 k。详细展开:由 k>0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{>}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}k>0 与 ∣k∣>22\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{>}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}}∣k∣>22 合并,得到 k>22\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{>}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}k>22。此时两根均为正且不同,满足非负半轴上有两个交点。k>22\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{>}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}}}k>22
(1)写切线横截距设较小交点的横坐标为 x1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}x1,则 0<x1<2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{<}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{<}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}}0<x1<2。详细展开:抛物线在横坐标 x 处的切线为 y=2xX+2−x2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{X}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}}y=2xX+2−x2。令 y=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}y=0 得横截距 t=(x2−2)/(2x)=x/2−1/x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{x}t=(x2−2)/(2x)=x/2−1/x,故 M 的横坐标为 t(x1)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{)}t(x1)。t(x)=x2−1x,0<x1<2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{=}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{x}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{-}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{x}}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{,}\qquad\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{<}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{<}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=50}{2}}t(x)=2x−x1,0<x1<2
(2)求值域t(x)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)}t(x) 在正半轴严格递增。详细展开:t′(x)=1/2+1/x2>0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{t}'\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{>}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{0}t′(x)=1/2+1/x2>0。当 x→0+x\to0^+x→0+ 时 t→−∞\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=4}{\to}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=11}{\infty}t→−∞;当 x→2−x\to\sqrt{2}^-x→2− 时 t→0−t\to0^-t→0−。两个端点都不取,所以 M 的横坐标范围是 (−∞,0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=8}{\infty}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{)}(−∞,0)。xM∈(−∞,0)\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{M}}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=15}{\in}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=23}{\infty}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{)}}xM∈(−∞,0)
(1)联系两个切点设两交点横坐标为 x1<x2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{<}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}x1<x2。详细展开:由交点二次方程的韦达定理,x1x2=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}x1x2=2,所以 x2=2/x1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{1}}x2=2/x1。两个切线横截距分别是 ti=xi/2−1/xi\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{t}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{i}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{i}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{i}}ti=xi/2−1/xi。x1x2=2,ti=xi2−1xix_{1}x_{2}=2,\qquad t_{i}=\frac{x_{i}}{2}-\frac1{x_{i}}x1x2=2,ti=2xi−xi1
(2)证明截距互为相反数把 x2=2/x1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{1}}x2=2/x1 代入第二个截距。详细展开:t2=1/x1−x1/2=−t1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{t}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{t}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{1}}t2=1/x1−x1/2=−t1。M、N 都在 x 轴上,所以 OM=∣t1∣,ON=∣t2∣\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{t}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{N}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{t}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{|}OM=∣t1∣,ON=∣t2∣,由绝对值相等得到 OM=ON\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{N}OM=ON。t2=−t1⟹OM=ON\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{t}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{t}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=27}{\Longrightarrow}\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{N}}t2=−t1⟹OM=ON