返回特征解读

2007 年高考数学(北京卷理科)

exams_raw/普通高考/2007/2007北京理.pdf · HS-MATH-1024-v2.1-solution-aware

2028 个小问/题组
1

一、选择题 · 三角函数

已知 cosθtanθ<0\cos\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=11}{\theta }\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=17}{\cdot }\tan\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=28}{\theta }\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{0},那么角 θ\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=6}{\theta} 是 ( ) (A) 第一或第二象限角 (B) 第二或第三象限角 (C) 第三或第四象限角 (D) 第一或第四象限角

答案:C

题目标签:三角函数符号与象限

解题过程

由三角函数符号判断象限

化简乘积并读取正弦符号

(1)
化简符号条件

先利用正切的商式消去余弦。

详细展开:题设乘积有意义,所以 cosθ0\cos\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=10}{\theta}\ne\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{0}。于是 cosθtanθ=cosθsinθcosθ=sinθ\cos\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=10}{\theta}\tan\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=20}{\theta}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{=}\cos\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=31}{\theta}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=36}{\cdot}\frac{\sin\htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=52}{\theta}}{\cos\htmlData{tutor-start=58,tutor-end=64}{\theta}}\htmlData{tutor-start=65,tutor-end=66}{=}\sin\htmlData{tutor-start=70,tutor-end=76}{\theta},原条件等价于 sinθ<0\sin\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=10}{\theta}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{<}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{0}

costhetatantheta<0    sintheta<0\cos\\\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{h}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{e}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{a}\tan\\\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{h}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{e}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{<}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{0}\iff\sin\\\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{h}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{e}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{<}\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{0}
(2)
定位所在象限

正弦是单位圆上点的纵坐标。

详细展开:纵坐标为负的点位于第三、第四象限;坐标轴上的角不满足严格小于零,且余弦为零的角原式无意义。因此应选第三或第四象限,即 C。

sintheta<0theta 为第三或第四象限角C\sin\\\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{h}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{e}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{<}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=28}{\Longrightarrow}\\\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{h}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{e}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{a}\text{ \htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{为}\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{第}\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{三}\htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{或}\htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{第}\htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{四}\htmlData{tutor-start=48,tutor-end=49}{象}\htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=50}{限}\htmlData{tutor-start=50,tutor-end=51}{角}}\htmlData{tutor-start=52,tutor-end=67}{\Longrightarrow}\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=73,tutor-end=74}{C}}
2

一、选择题 · 函数

函数 f(x)=3x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{3}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{x}} (0<x2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{0} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=16}{\leqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}) 的反函数的定义域为 ( ) (A) (0,+)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=11}{\infty}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{)} (B) (1,9]\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{]} (C) (0,1)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)} (D) [9,+)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=11}{\infty}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{)}

答案:B

题目标签:反函数定义域

解题过程

求反函数定义域

先求原函数值域

(1)
确定原函数单调性

反函数的定义域等于原函数的值域。

详细展开:指数函数 3x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{3}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x}} 的底数大于 1,故在实数上严格递增;限制到 0<x2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{<}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=6}{\le}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2} 后,函数值随 x 从 0 的右侧增加到 2。

0<x2,3x 严格递增\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{<}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=6}{\le}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{,}\qquad \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{3}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{x}}\text{ \htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{严}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{格}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{递}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{增}}
(2)
计算端点值域

左端点不取,右端点可取。

详细展开:当 x0+x\to0^+3x1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{3}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=8}{\to}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{1},但 x=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0} 不在定义域,所以 1 不取;当 x=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2} 时函数值为 9,可以取到。因此值域即反函数定义域为 (1,9]\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{]},选择 B。

Df1=Rf=(1,9]B\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{D}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{f}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}}}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{R}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{f}}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{]}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=37}{\Longrightarrow}\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{B}}
3

一、选择题 · 立体几何

平面 α\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=7}{\alpha }\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=16}{\parallel} 平面 β\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=5}{\beta} 的一个充分条件是 ( ) (A) 存在一条直线 a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}, aα\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=12}{\parallel }\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=18}{\alpha}, aβ\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=12}{\parallel }\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=17}{\beta} (B) 存在一条直线 a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}, aα\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=10}{\subset }\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=16}{\alpha}, aβ\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=12}{\parallel }\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=17}{\beta} (C) 存在两条平行直线 a,b\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{b}, aα\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=10}{\subset }\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=16}{\alpha}, bβ\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=10}{\subset }\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=15}{\beta}, aβ\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=12}{\parallel }\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=17}{\beta}, bα\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=12}{\parallel }\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=18}{\alpha} (D) 存在两条异面直线 a,b\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{b}, aα\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=10}{\subset }\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=16}{\alpha}, bβ\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=10}{\subset }\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=15}{\beta}, aβ\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=12}{\parallel }\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=17}{\beta}, bα\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=12}{\parallel }\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=18}{\alpha}

答案:D

题目标签:平面平行判定

解题过程

判断两平面平行

逐项检查充分条件

(1)
排除不足条件

平面平行的判定必须控制平面内至少两条相交直线的方向。

详细展开:A 中只给一对线平行,平面仍可能相交;B、C 中两条线在各自平面内可能平行,不能提供两个独立方向,甚至相交平面也能满足这些关系,所以都不足以推出两平面平行。

一对平行线或退化为同一方向,都不足以判定平面平行\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{一}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{对}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{平}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{行}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{线}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{或}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{退}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{化}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{为}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{同}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{一}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{方}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{向}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{都}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{不}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{足}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{以}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{判}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{定}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{平}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{面}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{平}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{行}}
(2)
验证交叉平行条件

D 给出的两条直线在各自平面内相交,并交叉对应平行。

详细展开:若平面 α 内相交直线 a、b 分别平行于平面 β 内相交直线 c、d,则 α 与 β 具有相同的两个独立方向。两平面又不重合,故必平行。因此 D 是充分条件。

a\parallel c,\ b\parallel d,\ a\cap b\ne\varnothing,\ c\cap d\ne\varnothing\Longrightarrow\alpha\parallel\beta

4

一、选择题 · 平面向量

已知 O\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}ABC\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=10}{\triangle }\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{C} 所在平面内一点,D\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{D}BC\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C} 边中点,且 2OA+OB+OC=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{A}} \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{+} \overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{B}} \htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{+} \overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=61,tutor-end=62}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=62,tutor-end=63}{C}} \htmlData{tutor-start=65,tutor-end=66}{=} \mathbf{\htmlData{tutor-start=75,tutor-end=76}{0}},那么 ( ) (A) AO=OD\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{O}} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{=} \overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{D}} (B) AO=2OD\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{O}} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{2}\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{D}} (C) AO=3OD\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{O}} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{3}\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{D}} (D) 2AO=OD\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{O}} \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{=} \overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{D}}

答案:A

题目标签:中点向量关系

解题过程

由向量重心关系判断等式

用中点向量表示 OD

(1)
表示中点向量

D 是 BC 的中点,可直接写出其位置向量。

详细展开:以 O 为参考点,中点公式给 OD=(OB+OC)/2\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{D}}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{(}\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{B}}\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{+}\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=57,tutor-end=58}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=58,tutor-end=59}{C}}\htmlData{tutor-start=60,tutor-end=61}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=61,tutor-end=62}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=62,tutor-end=63}{2}。题设 2OA+OB+OC=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{A}}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{+}\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{B}}\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{+}\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=57,tutor-end=58}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=58,tutor-end=59}{C}}\htmlData{tutor-start=60,tutor-end=61}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=61,tutor-end=62}{0},所以 OD=OA\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{D}}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{-}\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{A}}

OD=OB+OC2=OA\overrightarrow{OD}=\frac{\overrightarrow{OB}+\overrightarrow{OC}}2=-\overrightarrow{OA}
(2)
比较方向向量

AO\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{O}}OA\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{A}} 互为相反向量。

详细展开:因为 AO=OA\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{O}}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{-}\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{A}},与上一步 OD=OA\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{D}}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{-}\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{A}} 比较得 AO=OD\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{O}}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{=}\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{D}},选择 A。

AO=ODA\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{O}}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{=}\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{D}}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=54}{\Longrightarrow}\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=60,tutor-end=61}{A}}
5

一、选择题 · 排列组合

记者要为 5 名志愿者和他们帮助的 2 位老人拍照,要求排成一排,2 位老人相邻但不排在两端,不同的排法共有 ( ) (A) 1440 种 (B) 960 种 (C) 720 种 (D) 480 种

答案:B

题目标签:相邻限制排列

解题过程

相邻且不在两端的排列

把两位老人捆绑成整体

(1)
安排老人整体的位置

两位老人必须相邻,先把他们看成一个整体。

详细展开:老人整体与 5 名不同志愿者共构成 6 个排列单位。要使老人不排在整排两端,这个整体不能位于 6 个单位的首位或末位,故有 4 个内部位置;5 名志愿者有 5!\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{!} 种次序。

45!\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=6}{\cdot}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{!}
(2)
安排老人内部次序

老人块内部的两人还可交换。

详细展开:内部有 2!\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{!} 种排法,因此总数 45!2!=960\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=6}{\cdot}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{!}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=13}{\cdot}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{!}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{0},选择 B。也可用 6!25!\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{!}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=9}{\cdot}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{!} 安排单位后再乘 2,结果一致。

45!2=960B\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=6}{\cdot}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{!}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=13}{\cdot}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=33}{\Longrightarrow}\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{B}}
6

一、选择题 · 线性规划

若不等式组 {xy0,2x+y2,y0,x+ya,\begin{cases} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=30}{\geqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{,} \\ \htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=53}{\leqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=53,tutor-end=54}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=54,tutor-end=55}{,} \\ \htmlData{tutor-start=59,tutor-end=60}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=61,tutor-end=71}{\geqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=71,tutor-end=72}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=72,tutor-end=73}{,} \\ \htmlData{tutor-start=77,tutor-end=78}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=79,tutor-end=80}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=81,tutor-end=82}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=83,tutor-end=93}{\leqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=93,tutor-end=94}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=94,tutor-end=95}{,} \end{cases} 表示的平面区域是一个三角形,则 a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a} 的取值范围是 ( ) (A) a43\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=12}{\geqslant }\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{4}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{3}} (B) 0<a1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{0} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=16}{\leqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{1} (C) 1a43\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=12}{\leqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=24}{\leqslant }\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{4}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{3}} (D) 0<a1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{0} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=16}{\leqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{1}a43\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=12}{\geqslant }\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{4}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{3}}

答案:D

题目标签:含参线性区域

解题过程

含参截线后的区域形状

先画固定三角形再比较截线

(1)
确定固定区域

暂不看 x+ya\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=7}{\le }\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{a},前三个不等式围成三角形。

详细展开:边界为 y=0,y=x,2x+y=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2},顶点依次是 (0,0),(1,0),(2/3,2/3)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{)}。在此三角形上,线性函数 x+y\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{y} 的最大值是 4/3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{3}

O=(0,0), P=(1,0), Q=(2/3,2/3),max(x+y)=4/3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=10}{\ }\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=20}{\ }\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{Q}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{,}\quad\max\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=48,tutor-end=49}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=50}{3}
(2)
分类讨论截线位置

直线 x+y=a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{a} 从原点向外平移。

详细展开:0<a1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{<}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=6}{\le}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1} 时保留下的区域由原点及直线与 y=0,y=x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{x} 的交点构成三角形;1<a<4/3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{<}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{<}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{3} 时切去一个角,形成四边形;a4/3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=4}{\ge}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{3} 时约束冗余,仍是原三角形。故范围为 0<a1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{<}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=6}{\le}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1}a4/3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=4}{\ge}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{3},选 D。

0<a1 或 a43D\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{<}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=13}{\le}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=16}{\ }\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{或}}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=26}{\ }\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=30}{\ge}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{4}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{3}}}\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=57}{\Longrightarrow}\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=63,tutor-end=64}{D}}
7

一、选择题 · 不等式

如果正数 a,b,c,d\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{c}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{d} 满足 a+b=cd=4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{b} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{c}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{d} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{4},那么 ( ) (A) abc+d\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{b} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=13}{\leqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{c} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{d},且等号成立时 a,b,c,d\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{c}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{d} 的取值唯一 (B) abc+d\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{b} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=13}{\geqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{c} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{d},且等号成立时 a,b,c,d\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{c}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{d} 的取值唯一 (C) abc+d\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{b} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=13}{\leqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{c} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{d},且等号成立时 a,b,c,d\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{c}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{d} 的取值不唯一 (D) abc+d\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{b} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=13}{\geqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{c} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{d},且等号成立时 a,b,c,d\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{c}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{d} 的取值不唯一

答案:A

题目标签:均值不等式比较

解题过程

比较乘积与和

分别使用均值不等式

(1)
给 ab 建立上界

正数 a、b 的和固定为 4。

详细展开:由 (ab)20\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=12}{\ge}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{0} 或均值不等式,ab[(a+b)/2]2=4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=5}{\le}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{]}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{4},等号当且仅当 a=b=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}

ab4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=5}{\le}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{4}
(2)
给 c+d 建立下界并检查等号

正数 c、d 的积固定为 4。

详细展开:均值不等式给 c+d2cd=4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{c}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{d}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=6}{\ge}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{c}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{d}}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{4},等号当且仅当 c=d=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{c}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{d}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}。于是 ab4c+d\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=5}{\le}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=10}{\le }\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{c}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{d};总等号要求四个数全为 2,取值唯一,选择 A。

abc+d,a=b=c=d=2A\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=6}{\le }\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{c}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{d}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{,}\quad \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{c}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{d}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=40}{\Longrightarrow}\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{A}}
8

一、选择题 · 函数

对于函数① f(x)=lg(x2+1)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=} \lg\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{|} \htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{)},② f(x)=(x2)2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}},③ f(x)=cos(x+2)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=} \cos\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{)},判断如下三个命题的真假: 命题甲:f(x+2)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{)} 是偶函数; 命题乙:f(x)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)}(,2)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=8}{\infty}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{)} 上是减函数,在 (2,+)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=11}{\infty}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{)} 上是增函数; 命题丙:f(x+2)f(x)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{)}(,+)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=8}{\infty}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=17}{\infty}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{)} 上是增函数。 能使命题甲、乙、丙均为真的所有函数的序号是 ( ) (A) ①③ (B) ①② (C) ③ (D) ②

答案:D

题目标签:函数性质综合判断

解题过程

检验三个函数性质

逐条代入并用反例排除

(1)
检验前两个性质

命题甲检验 f(x+2)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)} 的偶性,命题乙检查以 2 为中心的单调。

详细展开:①有 f(x+2)=lg(x+1)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=}\lg\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{)} 为偶函数,且原函数在 2 左减右增;②有 f(x+2)=x2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}} 为偶函数,二次函数也在 2 左减右增;③有 f(x+2)=cos(x+4)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=}\cos\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{)},一般不是偶函数,且周期函数不具备题设全局单调性。

①、②满足甲乙;③不满足

(2)
检验差函数单调性

只需继续检查候选①、②的命题丙。

详细展开:②中 f(x+2)f(x)=x2(x2)2=4x4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{4},在实数上递增。①在 x<0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{<}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0} 时差函数为 lg[(1x)/(3x)]\lg\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{]},括号内函数导数为负,故该区间递减,不满足丙。因此只有②,选择 D。

: f(x+2)f(x)=4x4D\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{②}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{:}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=4}{\ }\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=35}{\Longrightarrow}\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{D}}
9

二、填空题 · 复数

2(1+i)2=\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{+} \mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{i}}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{2}}} \htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{=} ______.

答案:i\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{i}

题目标签:复数运算

解题过程

计算复数式

先平方再有理化

(1)
计算分母

使用 i2=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{i}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1} 展开平方。

详细展开:(1+i)2=1+2i+i2=2i\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{i}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{i}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{i}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{i},所以原式化为 2/(2i)=1/i\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{i}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{i}

(1+i)2=2i,2(1+i)2=1i(1+i)^{2}=2i,\qquad\frac2{(1+i)^{2}}=\frac{1}{i}
(2)
化为标准形式

分母含 i 时乘以合适因子。

详细展开:1/i=i/i2=i/(1)=i\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{i}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{i}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{i}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{i}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{i},已经是 a+bi\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{i} 的标准形式。

i\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{i}}
10

二、填空题 · 数列

若数列 {an}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=2}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{n}}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=9}{\}} 的前 n\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{n} 项和 Sn=n210n\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{S}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{n}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{n}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{n} (n=1,2,3,\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{n} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{,} \cdots),则此数列的通项公式为______;数列 {nan}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=2}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{n}}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=10}{\}} 中数值最小的项是第______项。

答案:an=2n-11;第3项

题目标签:数列通项与离散最值

解题过程

求通项与最小项序号

先差分,再比较整数二次函数

(1)
由前 n 项和求通项

使用 a1=S1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{S}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}}an=SnSn1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{n}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{S}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{n}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{S}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{1}}

详细展开:a1=9\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{9};对 n2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=4}{\ge}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}an=n210n[(n1)210(n1)]=2n11\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{n}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{n}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{]}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{1}。该式代入 n=1 仍成立,故 an=2n11\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{n}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}

an=2n11\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{n}}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{1}}
(2)
求 na_n 的整数最小点

nan=2n211n\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{n}}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{n}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{n} 是开口向上的二次函数。

详细展开:其对称轴为 n=11/4=2.75\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{7}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{5}。正整数中只需比较邻近的 n=2、3:对应值为 -14、-15,故最小值出现在第 3 项;更远整数因离对称轴更远而值更大。

{nan} 中数值最小的是第 3 项\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=9}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{n}}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=17}{\}}\text{ \htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{中}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{数}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{值}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{最}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{小}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{的}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{是}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{第} }\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{3}\text{ \htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{项}}}
11

二、填空题 · 解三角形

ABC\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=10}{\triangle }\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{C} 中,若 tanA=13\tan \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{A} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{3}}C=150C = 150^\circBC=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1},则 AB=\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{=} ______.

答案:√10/2

题目标签:正弦定理解三角形

解题过程

由两角和一边求另一边

先求 sinA 再用正弦定理

(1)
由正切求正弦

三角形内角 A 为锐角,且 tanA=1/3\tan \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{3}

详细展开:可取直角三角形两直角边为 1、3,斜边为 10\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{0}},从而 sinA=1/10\sin \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{/}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{0}}。又 C=150C=150^\circ,故 sinC=1/2\sin \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}

sinA=110,sinC=12\sin A=\frac1{\sqrt{10}},\qquad\sin C=\frac{1}{2}
(2)
应用正弦定理

BC\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C} 对应角 A,AB\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B} 对应角 C。

详细展开:由 AB/sinC=BC/sinA\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{/}\sin \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{/}\sin \htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{A},代入 BC=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}AB=sinC/sinA=(1/2)/(1/10)=10/2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=}\sin \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{/}\sin \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{/}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{0}}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{=}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{0}}\htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{2}

AB=102\boxed{AB=\frac{\sqrt{10}}2}
12

二、填空题 · 集合与不等式

已知集合 A={xxa1}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=6}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=13}{\mid }\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{|} \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=31}{\leqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=34}{\}}B={xx25x+40}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=6}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=13}{\mid }\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{4} \htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=38}{\geqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=41}{\}}. 若 AB=\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=7}{\cap }\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{B} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=22}{\varnothing},则实数 a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a} 的取值范围是______.

答案:2<a<3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{<}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{<}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{3}

题目标签:集合不交参数

解题过程

集合不交求参数

把两个集合化为区间

(1)
求集合 A、B

绝对值不等式给出以 a 为中心的闭区间。

详细展开:xa1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=8}{\le}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{1} 等价于 a1xa+1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=7}{\le }\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=12}{\le }\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{1},故 A=[a1,a+1]\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{]}。二次式分解为 (x1)(x4)0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=13}{\ge}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{0},所以 B=(,1][4,+)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=10}{\infty}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{]}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=17}{\cup}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=27}{\infty}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{)}

A=[a1,a+1],B=(,1][4,+)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{]}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{,}\quad \htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=28}{\infty}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{]}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=35}{\cup}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=45}{\infty}\htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{)}
(2)
把 A 放入补集空隙

A 与 B 不交,故 A 必须完全位于 B 的补集 (1,4)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}

详细展开:由于 A 包含自身端点,而 1、4 又属于 B,必须严格满足 a1>1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{>}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}a+1<4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{<}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{4}。解得 a>2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{>}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}a<3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{<}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{3},所以 2<a<3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{<}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{<}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{3}

2<a<3\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{<}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{<}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{3}}
13

二、填空题 · 三角函数

2002 年在北京召开的国际数学家大会,会标是以我国古代数学家赵爽的弦图为基础设计的。弦图是由四个全等直角三角形与一个小正方形拼成的一个大正方形(如图)。如果小正方形的面积为 1,大正方形的面积为 25,直角三角形中较小的锐角为 θ\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=6}{\theta},那么 cos2θ\cos \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=12}{\theta} 的值等于______.

原卷图示 1
原卷图示 1原卷第 1 页 · qwen3.7-plus_layout_detection · 需复核

答案:7/25

题目标签:拼图与二倍角

解题过程

由拼图边长求二倍角余弦

建立两直角边的和差关系

(1)
提取直角三角形边长关系

设图中直角三角形两直角边为 a<b\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{<}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{b},斜边为外方形边长 5。

详细展开:中央小正方形边长等于两直角边之差,故 ba=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1};勾股定理给 a2+b2=25\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{5}。由 (a+b)2=a2+b2+2ab\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{b},而 (ba)2=1=252ab\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{b},得 2ab=24\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{4},所以 a+b=7\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{7}

ba=1,a2+b2=25,a+b=7\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,}\quad \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{,}\quad \htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{7}
(2)
计算 cos2θ

由图中角 θ 可取 sinθ=a/5,cosθ=b/5\sin\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=10}{\theta}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{,}\cos\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=25}{\theta}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{5}

详细展开:cos2θ=cos2θsin2θ=(b2a2)/25=(ba)(b+a)/25=17/25\cos\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=11}{\theta}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=}\cos^{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=26}{\theta}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{-}\sin^{\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=41}{\theta}\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=48,tutor-end=49}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=50}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=52,tutor-end=53}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=54,tutor-end=55}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=55,tutor-end=56}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=56,tutor-end=57}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=57,tutor-end=58}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=58,tutor-end=59}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=59,tutor-end=60}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=60,tutor-end=61}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=61,tutor-end=62}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=62,tutor-end=63}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=63,tutor-end=64}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=64,tutor-end=65}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=65,tutor-end=66}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=66,tutor-end=67}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=67,tutor-end=68}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=68,tutor-end=69}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=69,tutor-end=70}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=70,tutor-end=71}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=71,tutor-end=72}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=72,tutor-end=73}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=73,tutor-end=74}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=74,tutor-end=79}{\cdot}\htmlData{tutor-start=79,tutor-end=80}{7}\htmlData{tutor-start=80,tutor-end=81}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=81,tutor-end=82}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=82,tutor-end=83}{5}

cos2theta=725\boxed{\cos2\\theta=\frac7{25}}
14

二、填空题 · 函数

已知函数 f(x),g(x)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{g}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{)} 分别由下表给出 x123f(x)131x123g(x)321\begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|} \hline \htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{x} & \htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{1} & \htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{2} & \htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{3} \\ \hline \htmlData{tutor-start=56,tutor-end=57}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=57,tutor-end=58}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=58,tutor-end=59}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=59,tutor-end=60}{)} & \htmlData{tutor-start=63,tutor-end=64}{1} & \htmlData{tutor-start=67,tutor-end=68}{3} & \htmlData{tutor-start=71,tutor-end=72}{1} \\ \hline \end{array} \quad \begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|} \hline \htmlData{tutor-start=133,tutor-end=134}{x} & \htmlData{tutor-start=137,tutor-end=138}{1} & \htmlData{tutor-start=141,tutor-end=142}{2} & \htmlData{tutor-start=145,tutor-end=146}{3} \\ \hline \htmlData{tutor-start=157,tutor-end=158}{g}\htmlData{tutor-start=158,tutor-end=159}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=159,tutor-end=160}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=160,tutor-end=161}{)} & \htmlData{tutor-start=164,tutor-end=165}{3} & \htmlData{tutor-start=168,tutor-end=169}{2} & \htmlData{tutor-start=172,tutor-end=173}{1} \\ \hline \end{array}f[g(1)]\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{g}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{]} 的值为______;满足 f[g(x)]>g[f(x)]\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{g}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{]} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{>} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{g}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{]}x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} 的值是______.

原卷图示 1
原卷图示 1原卷第 1 页 · qwen3.7-plus_layout_detection · 需复核

答案:1;2

题目标签:复合函数查表

解题过程

复合函数查表与比较

枚举有限定义域

(1)
计算指定复合值

先由内到外查表。

详细展开:由 g 表得 g(1)=3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{g}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{3},由 f 表得 f(3)=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1},所以 f[g(1)]=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{g}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{]}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{1}

f[g(1)]=f(3)=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{g}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{]}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{1}
(2)
枚举不等式

定义域只有 1、2、3,逐个比较不会遗漏。

详细展开:x=1 时两边为 1、3,不成立;x=2 时 f(g(2))=f(2)=3>g(f(2))=g(3)=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{g}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{>}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{g}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{g}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{1};x=3 时两边为 1、3,不成立。因此唯一解为 x=2。

x=2\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}
15

三、解答题 · 数列

数列 {an}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=2}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{n}}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=9}{\}} 中,a1=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{2}an+1=an+cn\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{n}} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{c}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{n} (c\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{c} 是常数,n=1,2,3,\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{n} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{,} \cdots),且 a1,a2,a3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{3}} 成公比不为 1 的等比数列。 (1) 求 c\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{c} 的值; (2) 求 {an}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=2}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{n}}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=9}{\}} 的通项公式。

答案:c=2;an=n²-n+2

题目标签:二阶差分数列

解题过程

由等比条件确定数列

先求公差再写通项

(1)
表示前三项并列等比条件

二阶差分恒为常数 c,所以一阶差分构成首项为 c、公差为 c 的等差数列。

详细展开:由 a1=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}a2=2+c\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{c},再由 a3a2=2c\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{c}a3=2+3c\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{c}。前三项成等比数列等价于 a22=a1a3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{3}}

a2=2+c,a3=2+3c,(2+c)2=2(2+3c)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{c}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{,}\quad \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{c}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{,}\quad\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{c}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{c}\htmlData{tutor-start=48,tutor-end=49}{)}
(2)
筛选 c 并求通项

解等比中项方程,并使用公比不为 1。

详细展开:展开得 c22c=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{c}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{c}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{0},故 c=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{c}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0} 或 2。若 c=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{c}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0},三项全为 2,公比为 1,不合题意,故 c=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{c}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}。于是 an=2+k=1n12k=2+n(n1)=n2n+2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{n}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{+}\sum_{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{1}}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{n}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{2}

an=n2n+2\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{n}}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{n}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{2}}
16

三、解答题 · 立体几何

如图,在 RtAOB\mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{R}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{t}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=21}{\triangle }\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{B} 中,OAB=π6\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=7}{\angle }\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{B} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=22}{\pi}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{6}},斜边 AB=4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{4}. RtAOC\mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{R}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{t}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=21}{\triangle }\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{C} 可以通过 RtAOB\mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{R}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{t}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=21}{\triangle }\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{B} 以直线 AO\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{O} 为轴旋转得到,且二面角 BAOC\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{C} 是直二面角。动点 D\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{D} 的斜边 AB\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B} 上。 (1) 求证:平面 COD\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{D} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=9}{\perp} 平面 AOB\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{B}; (2) 当 D\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{D}AB\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B} 的中点时,求异面直线 AO\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{O}CD\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{D} 所成角的大小; (3) 求 CD\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{D} 与平面 AOB\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{B} 所成角的最大值。

原卷图示 1
原卷图示 1原卷第 1 页 · qwen3.7-plus_layout_detection · 需复核

答案:见证明;arccos(√6/4);arcsin(2/√7)

题目标签:动点线面角

解题过程

(1)证明两平面垂直

找出平面 COD 内的垂线 OC

(1)
建立 OC 与底面的垂直

OB、OC 都垂直旋转轴 AO,直二面角使它们互相垂直。

详细展开:由旋转关系 OCAO\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=8}{\perp }\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{O};二面角 B-AO-C 的平面角为 BOC=90\angle BOC=90^\circ,所以 OCOB\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=8}{\perp }\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{B}。AO、OB 是平面 AOB 内相交直线,故 OC\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=7}{\perp} 平面 AOB。

OCAO, OCOBOC平面 AOB\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=8}{\perp }\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=13}{\ }\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=21}{\perp }\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=39}{\Longrightarrow }\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=46}{\perp}\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=52,tutor-end=53}{平}\htmlData{tutor-start=53,tutor-end=54}{面} }\htmlData{tutor-start=56,tutor-end=57}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=57,tutor-end=58}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=58,tutor-end=59}{B}
(2)
应用面面垂直判定

无论 D 在 AB 的哪个位置,平面 COD 都包含 OC。

详细展开:一个平面经过另一平面的垂线,则两平面垂直,因此 平面 COD平面 AOB\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{平}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{面} }\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=18}{\perp}\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{平}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{面} }\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{B}。证明不依赖 D 的具体位置。

平面 COD平面 AOB\boxed{\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{平}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{面} }\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=25}{\perp}\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{平}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{面} }\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{B}}

(2)求中点位置的异面角

建立正交坐标计算方向夹角

(1)
写出关键点坐标

AB=4,OAB=30AB=4,\angle OAB=30^\circOB=OC=2,AO=23\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{3}}

详细展开:取 O=(0,0,0),A=(23,0,0),B=(0,2,0),C=(0,0,2)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{)}。D 为 AB 中点时 D=(3,1,0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{)},故 CD=(3,1,2)\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{D}}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{(}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{)}

CD=(3,1,2),CD=22\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{D}}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{(}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{,}\quad\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{2}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=53,tutor-end=54}{2}}
(2)
计算方向向量夹角

AO 的方向沿 x 轴。

详细展开:CD 在 x 轴方向的分量绝对值为 3\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{3}},所以所成锐角 θ 满足 cosθ=3/(22)=6/4\cos\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=10}{\theta}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{=}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{2}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{=}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{6}}\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{4},即 θ=arccos(6/4)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=6}{\theta}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=}\arccos\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{(}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{6}}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{)}

theta=arccos64\boxed{\\\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{h}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{e}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{=}\arccos\frac{\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{6}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{4}}}

(3)求线面角最大值

参数化 D 并最小化 CD 长度

(1)
表示动点与线面角

D=A+s(BA)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{s}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{)},其中 0s1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=5}{\le }\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{s}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=9}{\le}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}

详细展开:则 D=(23(1s),2s,0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{s}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{s}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{)}。因 C 到平面 AOB 的垂距恒为 2,设 CD 与该平面所成角为 φ,有 sinφ=2/CD\sin\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=11}{\varphi}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{|},而 CD2=12(1s)2+4s2+4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{|}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{s}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{s}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{4}

sinφ=212(1s)2+4s2+4\sin\varphi=\frac2{\sqrt{12(1-s)^{2}+4s^{2}+4}}
(2)
求二次式最小值

最小化分母即可最大化锐角的正弦。

详细展开:12(1s)2+4s2+4=16s224s+16=16(s3/4)2+7\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{s}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{s}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{s}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{s}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{s}\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=50}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=50,tutor-end=51}{7},在 s=3/4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{s}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{4} 时最小为 7。因此 sinφmax=2/7\sin\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=11}{\varphi}_{\max}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{/}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{7}},等价地 tanφmax=2/3\tan\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=11}{\varphi}_{\max}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{/}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{3}}

φmax=arcsin27=arctan23\boxed{\varphi_{\max}=\arcsin\frac2{\sqrt{7}}=\arctan\frac2{\sqrt{3}}}
17

三、解答题 · 解析几何

矩形 ABCD\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{D} 的两条对角线相交于点 M(2,0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{)}AB\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B} 边所在直线的方程为 x3y6=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{6} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{0},点 T(1,1)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{T}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{)}AD\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{D} 边所在直线上。 (1) 求 AD\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{D} 边所在直线的方程; (2) 求矩形 ABCD\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{D} 外接圆的方程; (3) 若动圆 P\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{P} 过点 N(2,0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{N}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{)},且与矩形 ABCD\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{D} 的外接圆外切,求动圆 P\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{P} 的圆心的轨迹方程。

答案:3x+y+2=0,(x-2)²+y²=8;双曲线左支

题目标签:矩形外接圆与动圆轨迹

解题过程

(1)求矩形边与外接圆方程

由斜率垂直确定边线,再求中心半径

(1)
求 AD 方程

矩形相邻边互相垂直,且 AD 经过点 T(-1,1)。

详细展开:直线 AB 的方程为 x3y6=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{0},斜率是 1/3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{3},所以 AD 斜率为 -3。由点斜式 y1=3(x+1)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{)},整理得 3x+y+2=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{0}

AD:3x+y+2=0\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{:}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{0}}
(2)
求外接圆

先联立 AB、AD 得顶点 A,再用对角线中点 M 作圆心。

详细展开:联立两直线得 A=(0,2)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{)}。矩形外接圆圆心是对角线交点 M=(2,0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{)},半径平方 MA2=(20)2+(0+2)2=8\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{A}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{8},故圆方程为 (x2)2+y2=8\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{y}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{8}

(x2)2+y2=8\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{y}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{8}}

(2)求动圆圆心轨迹

把外切条件识别为双曲线距离差

(1)
建立距离差条件

设动圆圆心为 P,因过 N(-2,0),其半径为 PN。

详细展开:固定圆圆心为 M=(2,0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{)}、半径为 22\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}}。两圆外切时圆心距等于半径和,故 PM=PN+22\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{N}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}},即 PMPN=22\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{N}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}}

PMPN=22\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{N}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}}
(2)
写出双曲线分支

M、N 是相距 4 的两个定点,距离差为常数。

详细展开:双曲线焦点为 (±2,0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=4}{\pm}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{)}2a=22\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}}a2=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}c2=4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{c}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{4},所以 b2=c2a2=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{c}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{2}。因 PMPN>0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{N}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{>}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{0},P 更靠近 N,取左支 x2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=4}{\le}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{-}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}}

x22y22=1,x2\boxed{\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{-}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{y}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{2}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{,}\quad \htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=48,tutor-end=51}{\le}\htmlData{tutor-start=51,tutor-end=52}{-}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=58,tutor-end=59}{2}}}
18

解答题 · 统计与概率

18. 某中学号召学生在今年春节期间至少参加一次社会公益活动(以下简称活动). 该校合唱团共有 100 名学生,他们参加活动的次数统计如图所示. (1) 求合唱团学生参加活动的人均次数; (2) 从合唱团中任意选两名学生,求他们参加活动次数恰好相等的概率; (3) 从合唱团中任选两名学生,用 ξ\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=3}{\xi} 表示这两人参加活动次数之差的绝对值,求随机变量 ξ\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=3}{\xi} 的分布列及数学期望 Eξ\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{E}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=4}{\xi}.

原卷图示 1
原卷图示 1原卷第 2 页 · qwen3.7-plus_layout_detection · 需复核

答案:2.3;41/99;分布列见解析,Eξ=2/3

题目标签:频数分布与随机变量

解题过程

(1)求人均活动次数

按频数作加权平均

(1)
读取频数

统计图显示参加 1、2、3 次的人数分别为 10、50、40。

详细展开:三组频数和为 10+50+40=100\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{0},与合唱团总人数一致,可用来校验读图无误。

n1=10,n2=50,n3=40\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{n}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{,}\quad \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{n}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{,}\quad \htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{n}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{0}
(2)
计算加权均值

总活动次数等于次数乘相应人数后求和。

详细展开:人均次数为 (110+250+340)/100=230/100=2.3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=7}{\cdot}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=16}{\cdot}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=25}{\cdot}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{3}

xˉ=2.3\boxed{\bar{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{x}}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{3}}

(2)两人次数相等的概率

按同组抽取分类计数

(1)
计算有利组合数

两人次数相等意味着两人来自同一频数组。

详细展开:有利无序对数为 (102)+(502)+(402)=45+1225+780=2050\binom{10}2+\binom{50}2+\binom{40}2=45+1225+780=2050

N=2050\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{N}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{0}
(2)
除以全部组合数

任取两人的全部无序对数为 (1002)=4950\binom{100}2=4950

详细展开:所以概率为 2050/4950=41/99\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{9}

P=4199\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{9}}}

(3)求差值分布与期望

按次数差 0、1、2 分类

(1)
计算三个概率

随机变量 ξ 只能取 0、1、2。

详细展开:P(ξ=0)=41/99\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=5}{\xi}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{9};差 1 的配对来自 (1,2) 或 (2,3),数量 1050+5040=2500\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=7}{\cdot}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=17}{\cdot}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{0},故概率 50/99\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{9};差 2 来自 (1,3),概率 1040/4950=8/99\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=7}{\cdot}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{8}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{9}

P0=4199,P1=5099,P2=899P_{0}=\frac{41}{99},\quad P_{1}=\frac{50}{99},\quad P_{2}=\frac8{99}
(2)
计算数学期望

先检查三个概率之和为 1。

详细展开:(41+50+8)/99=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{8}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{1}。于是 Eξ=041/99+150/99+28/99=66/99=2/3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{E}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=4}{\xi}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=11}{\cdot}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=23}{\cdot}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=35}{\cdot}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{8}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=48,tutor-end=49}{3}

Eξ=23\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{E}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=11}{\xi}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{2}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{3}}}
19

解答题 · 函数与导数

19. 如图,有一块半椭圆形钢板,其半轴长为 2r\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{r},短半轴长为 r\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{r},计划将此钢板切割成等腰梯形的形状,下底 AB\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B} 是半椭圆的短轴,上底 CD\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{D} 的端点在椭圆上,记 CD=2x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{x},梯形面积为 S\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{S}. (1) 求面积 S\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{S}x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} 为自变量的函数式,并写出其定义域; (2) 求面积 S\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{S} 的最大值.

原卷图示 1
原卷图示 1原卷第 2 页 · qwen3.7-plus_layout_detection · 需复核

答案:S=2(r+x)√(r²-x²),0<x<r;3√3r²/2

题目标签:半椭圆内接梯形最值

解题过程

(1)建立梯形面积函数

用椭圆方程表示梯形高

(1)
建立半椭圆坐标系

以短轴 AB 中点为原点,AB 沿 x 轴,长半轴沿 y 轴。

详细展开:半椭圆方程为 x2/r2+y2/(4r2)=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{r}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{y}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{r}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{1}y0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=4}{\ge}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}。上底端点横坐标为 ±x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=4}{\pm }\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{x},因此其高度 y=2r2x2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{r}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{2}}}

x2r2+y24r2=1,y=2r2x2\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{r}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}}}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{+}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{y}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{2}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{r}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{2}}}\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{,}\quad \htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=50}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=50,tutor-end=51}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=51,tutor-end=52}{2}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=58,tutor-end=59}{r}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=61,tutor-end=62}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=63,tutor-end=64}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=64,tutor-end=65}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=67,tutor-end=68}{2}}}
(2)
写面积与定义域

梯形上下底分别为 2r、2x,高为 y。

详细展开:S=(2r+2x)y/2=2(r+x)r2x2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{S}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{r}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{r}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{)}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{r}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{2}}}。为保持非退化梯形,上底长度和高度均为正,故 0<x<r\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{<}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{<}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{r}

S(x)=2(r+x)r2x2,0<x<r\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{S}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{r}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{)}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{r}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{2}}}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{,}\quad\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{<}\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{<}\htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{r}}

(2)求梯形最大面积

无量纲化后最大化平方

(1)
化成单变量比例

t=x/r(0,1)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{r}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=8}{\in}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{)},提取固定尺度 r2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{r}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}

详细展开:S=2r2(1+t)1t2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{S}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{r}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{)}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{t}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{2}}}。因为各因子为正,最大化 S 等价于最大化 [(1+t)1t2]2=(1+t)3(1t)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{t}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{2}}}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{]}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{)}

S=2r2(1+t)1t2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{S}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{r}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{)}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{t}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{2}}}
(2)
确定最大点

h(t)=(1+t)3(1t)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{h}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{)} 求导。

详细展开:h(t)=2(1+t)2(12t)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{h}'\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{)},故在 t=1/2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2} 处由增转减。代回得 Smax=2r2(3/2)(3/2)=33r2/2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{S}_{\max}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{r}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=20}{\cdot}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=30}{\cdot}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{(}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{3}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=50,tutor-end=51}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=52,tutor-end=53}{r}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=55,tutor-end=56}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=57,tutor-end=58}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=58,tutor-end=59}{2}

x=r2,Smax=332r2\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{r}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{,}\qquad \htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{S}_{\max}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{=}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{3}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=50,tutor-end=51}{3}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=54,tutor-end=55}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=56,tutor-end=57}{r}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=59,tutor-end=60}{2}}}
20

解答题 · 集合与组合

20. 已知集合 A={a1,a2,,ak}(k2)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=4}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{,} \cdots\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{k}}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=33}{\}} \htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{k} \htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=47}{\geqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=48,tutor-end=49}{)},其中 aiZ(i=1,2,,k)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{i}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=10}{\in }\mathbf{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{Z}} \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{i}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{,} \cdots\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{)}. 由 A\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A} 中的元素构成两个相应的集合:S={(a,b)aA,bA,a+bA}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{S}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=4}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=16}{\mid }\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=22}{\in }\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{b} \htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=31}{\in }\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{b} \htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=42}{\in }\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=45}{\}}T={(a,b)aA,bA,abA}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{T}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=4}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=16}{\mid }\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=22}{\in }\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{b} \htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=31}{\in }\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{b} \htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=42}{\in }\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=45}{\}},其中 (a,b)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)} 是有序数对,集合 S\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{S}T\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{T} 中的元素个数分别为 m\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{m}n\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{n}. 若对于任意的 aA\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=6}{\in }\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{A},总有 aA\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{a} \notin \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{A},则称集合 A\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A} 具有性质 P\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{P}. (1) 检验集合 {0,1,2,3}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=2}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=14}{\}}{1,2,3}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=2}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=12}{\}} 是否具有性质 P\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{P},并对其中具有性质 P\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{P} 的集合,写出相应的集合 S\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{S}T\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{T}; (2) 对任何具有性质 P\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{P} 的集合 A\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A},证明:nk(k1)2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{n} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=12}{\leqslant }\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{)}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{2}}; (3) 判断 m\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{m}n\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{n} 的大小关系,并证明你的结论.

答案:见解析;n≤k(k-1)/2;m=n

题目标签:整数集合的和差关系

解题过程

(1)检验性质并列出 S、T

先检查相反数,再枚举有序对

(1)
判断性质 P

性质 P 要求每个元素的相反数都不在同一集合。

详细展开:集合 {0,1,2,3}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=2}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=11}{\}} 含 0,而 0=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{0} 仍在集合中,所以不具有 P。集合 {1,2,3}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=2}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=10}{\}} 中 1、-2、-3 均不在集合,故具有 P。

{0,1,2,3} 不具有 P,A={1,2,3} 具有 P\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=2}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=11}{\}}\text{ \htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{不}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{具}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{有} \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{P}}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{,}\quad \htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=35}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=43}{\}}\text{ \htmlData{tutor-start=50,tutor-end=51}{具}\htmlData{tutor-start=51,tutor-end=52}{有} \htmlData{tutor-start=53,tutor-end=54}{P}}
(2)
枚举两个集合

A={1,2,3}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=4}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=12}{\}} 检查九个有序对的和与差。

详细展开:和仍在 A 的只有 1+3=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{2}3+(1)=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2},故 S={(1,3),(3,1)}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{S}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=4}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=19}{\}}。差仍在 A 的只有 2(1)=3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{3}23=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1},故 T={(2,1),(2,3)}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{T}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=4}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=18}{\}}

S={(1,3),(3,1)},T={(2,1),(2,3)}\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{S}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=11}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=26}{\}}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{,}\quad \htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{T}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=37}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=48,tutor-end=49}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=51}{\}}}

(2)证明 T 的元素个数上界

每个无序二元组至多贡献一个方向

(1)
排除对角有序对

具有 P 的集合不可能含 0。

详细展开:若 (a,a)T\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=9}{\in }\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{T},则 aa=0A\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=9}{\in }\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{A},与 P 排除 0 矛盾。因此 T 中没有两个分量相同的有序对。

(a,a)T\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}\notin \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{T}
(2)
限制每对元素的方向

固定两个不同元素 a、b,考察 (a,b)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}(b,a)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}

详细展开:若二者都在 T,则 abA\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=7}{\in }\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{A}ba=(ab)A\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=14}{\in }\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{A},违反性质 P。因此每个无序二元组 {a,b}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=2}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=7}{\}} 至多贡献一个 T 中的有序对。共有 (k2)\binom{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{k}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}} 个无序二元组,故 nk(k1)/2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=5}{\le }\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}

n(k2)=k(k1)2\boxed{n\le\binom{k}{2}=\frac{k(k-1)}2}

(3)比较 m 与 n

构造 S 与 T 的显式双射

(1)
从 S 映到 T

利用和条件构造一个差条件。

详细展开:若 (a,b)S\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=9}{\in }\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{S},则 a,b,a+bA\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=11}{\in }\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{A}。令 Φ(a,b)=(a+b,b)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=4}{\Phi}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{)},其两分量在 A 中,且 (a+b)b=aA\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=13}{\in }\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{A},所以 Φ(a,b)T\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=4}{\Phi}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=13}{\in }\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{T}

Φ:ST,Φ(a,b)=(a+b,b)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=4}{\Phi}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{:}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{S}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=10}{\to }\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{T}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{,}\qquad\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=22}{\Phi}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{)}
(2)
构造逆映射

对 T 中有序对反向恢复 S 中原像。

详细展开:若 (c,b)T\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{c}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=9}{\in }\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{T},则 c,b,cbA\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{c}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{c}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=11}{\in }\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{A},令 Ψ(c,b)=(cb,b)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=4}{\Psi}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{c}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{c}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{)},其两分量之和为 c,故属于 S。显然 Ψ\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=4}{\Psi}Φ\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=4}{\Phi} 互为逆映射,所以 S、T 等势,m=n\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{n}

m=n\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{n}}