返回特征解读

2007 年高考数学(上海卷理科)

exams_raw/普通高考/2007/2007上海理.pdf · HS-MATH-1024-v2.1-solution-aware

2127 个小问/题组
1

一、填空题 · 函数

函数 f(x)=lg(4x)x3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=} \frac{\lg\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{)}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{3}} 的定义域是______.

答案:(-∞,3)∪(3,4)

题目标签:对数分式定义域

解题过程

求对数分式定义域

同时限制真数和分母

(1)
限制对数真数

常用对数要求 4x>0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{>}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}

详细展开:所以 x<4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{<}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{4}

x<4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{<}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{4}
(2)
排除分母零点

分母 x3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{3} 不能为零。

详细展开:合并得定义域 (,3)(3,4)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=8}{\infty}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=15}{\cup}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{)}

Df=(,3)(3,4)\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{D}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{f}}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=21}{\infty}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=28}{\cup}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{)}}
2

一、填空题 · 解析几何

若直线 l1:2x+my+1=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{l}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{:} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{0} 与直线 l2:y=3x1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{l}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{:} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{1} 平行,则 m=\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}______.

答案:2/3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{3}

题目标签:平行直线参数

解题过程

由直线平行求参数

比较斜率并排除退化

(1)
求两斜率

l2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{l}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}} 斜率为 3。

详细展开:若 m≠0,l1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{l}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}} 化为 y=(2/m)x1/m\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{m},斜率为 2/m\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{m}。m=0 时是竖线,不可能与 l2 平行。

k1=2/m,k2=3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{,}\quad \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{k}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{3}
(2)
解斜率方程

平行要求斜率相等。

详细展开:2/m=3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{3},故 m=2/3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{3}。两直线截距不同,不会重合。

m=23\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{-}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{3}}}
3

一、填空题 · 函数

函数 f(x)=xx1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{x}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{1}} 的反函数 f1(x)=\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{=}______.

答案:x/(x1)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{)}

题目标签:分式反函数

解题过程

求分式函数反函数

交换变量并解方程

(1)
解原关系

y=x/(x1)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{)}

详细展开:yxy=x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{x},所以 x(y1)=y\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{y},得到 x=y/(y1)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{)}

x=yy1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{y}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{1}}
(2)
写反函数

交换输入输出字母。

详细展开:f1(x)=x/(x1)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{)},定义域 x1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\ne\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1};该函数恰为自身的反函数。

f1(x)=xx1htmlDatatutorstart=31,tutorend=36quad(x1)\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{f}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{=}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{x}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{1}}\\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=36}{quad(}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{x}\ne\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{)}}
4

一、填空题 · 函数

方程 9x63x7=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{9}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{6} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=16}{\cdot }\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{3}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{x}} \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{7} \htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{0} 的解是______.

答案:log_3 7

题目标签:指数换元方程

解题过程

解指数型二次方程

令 3^x 为正变量

(1)
换元因式分解

t=3x>0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{3}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{x}}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{>}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{0},则 9x=t2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{9}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{t}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}

详细展开:方程化为 t26t7=0=(t7)(t+1)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{t}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{7}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{7}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{)}

t=7 或 t=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{7}\text{ \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{或} }\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{1}
(2)
筛选并回代

t 必须为正,舍去 -1。

详细展开:3x=7\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{3}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{7},所以 x=log37\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\log_{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{3}} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{7}

x=log37\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=}\log_{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{3}} \htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{7}}
5

一、填空题 · 不等式

x,yR+x, y \in \mathbf{R}^+,且 x+4y=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1},则 xy\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=8}{\cdot }\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{y} 的最大值是______.

答案:1/16\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{6}

题目标签:线性约束乘积最值

解题过程

线性约束下乘积最大值

构造两正数均值不等式

(1)
应用均值不等式

把约束看成正数 x 与 4y 的和。

详细展开:1=x+4y24xy=4xy\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=9}{\ge}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{y}}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{4}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{y}},故 xy1/16\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=5}{\le}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{6}

xy1/16\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=5}{\le}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{6}
(2)
检查等号

均值不等式等号要求 x=4y。

详细展开:联立 x+4y=1 得 x=1/2、y=1/8,均为正,所以上界可达。

(xy)max=116\boxed{(xy)_{\max}=\frac1{16}}
6

一、填空题 · 三角函数

函数 y=sin(x+π3)sin(x+π2)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \sin\left(\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{+}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=25}{\pi}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{3}}\right)\sin\left(\htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{+}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=54,tutor-end=57}{\pi}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=59,tutor-end=60}{2}}\right) 的最小正周期 T=\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{T}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}______.

答案:π

题目标签:正弦乘积周期

解题过程

求正弦乘积周期

积化和差读取角频率

(1)
积化和差

使用 sinAsinB=[cos(AB)cos(A+B)]/2\sin \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{A}\sin \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{[}\cos\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{-}\cos\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{]}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{2}

详细展开:得到 y=3/412cos(2x+5π/6)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{-}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{2}}\cos\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=36}{\pi}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{)}

y=3412cos(2x+5π6)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\frac{\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{3}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{4}}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{-}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{2}}\cos\left(\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{+}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=51,tutor-end=52}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=52,tutor-end=55}{\pi}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=57,tutor-end=58}{6}}\right)
(2)
求最小正周期

常数和平移不改变周期,角频率为 2。

详细展开:非恒定余弦项的最小正周期为 2π/2=π\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=4}{\pi}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=10}{\pi}

T=π\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{T}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=12}{\pi}}
7

一、填空题 · 概率

在五个数字 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 中,若随机取出三个数字,则剩下两个数字都是奇数的概率是______.(结果用数值表示)

答案:0.3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{3}

题目标签:古典概型

解题过程

剩余数字均为奇数的概率

改为选择剩余二元组

(1)
确定样本数

随机取出三个数字等价于随机留下两个数字。

详细展开:所有剩余二元组有 (52)=10\binom52=10 个,且等可能。

N=10\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{N}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{0}
(2)
计数有利情况

五个数字中奇数为 1、3、5。

详细展开:留下两个奇数有 (32)=3\binom32=3 种,所以概率为 3/10=0.3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{3}

0.3\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{3}}
8

一、填空题 · 圆锥曲线

以双曲线 x24y25=1\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{4}} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{-} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{y}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{2}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{5}} \htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{1} 的中心为焦点,且以该双曲线的左焦点为顶点的抛物线方程是______.

答案:y²=12(x+3)

题目标签:双曲线焦点构造抛物线

解题过程

由双曲线中心和左焦点构造抛物线

确定顶点焦点和开口

(1)
求双曲线左焦点

c2=4+5=9\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{c}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{9}

详细展开:双曲线中心为 (0,0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)},左焦点为 (3,0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}。题设令抛物线焦点为中心、顶点为左焦点。

V=(3,0),F=(0,0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{V}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{,}\quad \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{F}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{)}
(2)
写平移标准式

焦点在顶点右侧 3 个单位,故 p=3。

详细展开:以 (3,0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)} 为顶点的右开口抛物线为 y2=4p(x+3)=12(x+3)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{p}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{)}

y2=12(x+3)\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{y}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{)}}
9

一、填空题 · 复数

对于非零实数 a,b\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{b},以下四个命题都成立:① a+1a0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{+}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{a}} \neq \htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{0};② (a+b)2=a2+2ab+b2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{2}};③ 若 a=b\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{|},则 a=±b\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=6}{\pm }\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{b};④ 若 a2=ab\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{b},则 a=b\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{b}. 那么,对于非零复数 a,b\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{b},仍然成立的命题的所有序号是______.

答案:②④\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{②}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{④}

题目标签:复数命题判断

解题过程

判断实数命题对复数的适用性

逐条用代数或反例检查

(1)
检查①③

复数中平方可以为 -1,模相等也不只相差符号。

详细展开:取 a=i\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{i},则 a+1/a=ii=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{i}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{i}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{0},①失败;取 a=1,b=i\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{i},二者模相等但不满足 a=±b\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=6}{\pm }\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{b},③失败。

①假,③假\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{①}\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{假}}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{,}\quad\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{③}\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{假}}
(2)
检查②④

复数乘法仍满足交换律和分配律,且复数域无零因子。

详细展开:所以平方展开恒等式②成立;a2=ab\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{b}a(ab)=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{0},又 a 非零,故 a=b,④成立。

②④\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{②}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{④}}
10

一、填空题 · 立体几何

在平面上,两条直线的位置关系有相交、平行、重合三种. 已知 α,β\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=6}{\alpha}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=13}{\beta} 是两个相交平面,空间两条直线 l1,l2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{l}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{l}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}}α\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=6}{\alpha} 上的射影是直线 s1,s2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{s}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{s}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}}l1,l2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{l}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{l}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}}β\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=5}{\beta} 上的射影是直线 t1,t2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{t}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{t}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}}. 用 s1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{s}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}s2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{s}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}t1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{t}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}t2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{t}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}} 的位置关系,写出一个总能确定 l1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{l}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}l2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{l}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}} 是异面直线的充分条件:______.

答案:一组相交、另一组平行

题目标签:空间投影判定异面

解题过程

给出判定异面直线的投影条件

分别排除相交与平行

(1)
用平行投影排除相交

若空间两直线相交,其公共点在任一平面上的正射影同时属于两条投影线。

详细展开:因此,只要在一个投影平面内两条投影线是不同的平行线,原直线就不可能相交。

t1t2(且不重合)l1,l2 不相交\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{t}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=15}{\parallel }\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{t}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{2}}\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{且}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{不}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{重}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{合}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{)}}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=49}{\Longrightarrow }\htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=50}{l}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=52,tutor-end=53}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=54,tutor-end=55}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=55,tutor-end=56}{l}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=58,tutor-end=59}{2}}\text{ \htmlData{tutor-start=67,tutor-end=68}{不}\htmlData{tutor-start=68,tutor-end=69}{相}\htmlData{tutor-start=69,tutor-end=70}{交}}
(2)
用相交投影排除平行

两条空间平行线的正射影只能平行或重合。

详细展开:所以若另一平面内 s1,s2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{s}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{s}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}} 相交,原直线不可能平行。既不相交也不平行,必为异面直线。故一个充分条件是 s1,s2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{s}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{s}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}} 相交且 t1,t2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{t}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{t}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}} 平行;两平面角色可互换。

s1s2, t1t2或反之\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{s}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=17}{\cap }\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{s}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{2}}\ne\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=36}{\varnothing}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=39}{\ }\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{t}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=54}{\parallel }\htmlData{tutor-start=54,tutor-end=55}{t}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=57,tutor-end=58}{2}}\quad\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=70,tutor-end=71}{或}\htmlData{tutor-start=71,tutor-end=72}{反}\htmlData{tutor-start=72,tutor-end=73}{之}}}
11

一、填空题 · 解析几何

已知 P\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{P} 为圆 x2+(y1)2=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{1} 上任意一点(原点 O\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O} 除外),直线 OP\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{P} 的倾斜角为 θ\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=6}{\theta} 弧度,记 d=OP\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{d}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{|}. 在右侧的坐标系中,画出以 (θ,d)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=7}{\theta}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{d}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{)} 为坐标的点的轨迹的大致图形为

原卷图示 1
原卷图示 1原卷第 1 页 · qwen3.7-plus_layout_detection · 需复核

答案:d=2sinθ,0<θ<π

题目标签:圆的极坐标轨迹

解题过程

把圆上点改写成极坐标轨迹

代入极坐标方程

(1)
建立 d、θ 关系

点 P 关于原点的极坐标为 (d,θ)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{d}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=9}{\theta}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{)}

详细展开:代入 x=dcosθ,y=dsinθ\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{d}\cos\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=13}{\theta}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{d}\sin\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=27}{\theta}x2+(y1)2=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{1},得 d22dsinθ=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{d}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{d}\sin\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=18}{\theta}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{0}。P 不是原点,所以 d>0,可约去 d。

d=2sintheta\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{d}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\sin\\\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{h}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{e}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{a}
(2)
确定参数区间与图形

d>0 要求 sinθ>0\sin\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=10}{\theta}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{>}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{0},倾斜角取 0<θ<π\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{<}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=8}{\theta}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{<}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=12}{\pi}

详细展开:因此在 (θ,d)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=7}{\theta}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{d}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{)} 坐标中,轨迹是 d=2sinθ\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{d}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\sin\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=13}{\theta}(0,π)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=6}{\pi}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{)} 上的一段正弦拱线,端点不含,最高点 (π/2,2)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=4}{\pi}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{)}

d=2sintheta,0<theta<π\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{d}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}\sin\\\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{h}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{e}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{,}\quad\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{<}\\\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{h}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{e}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{<}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=40}{\pi}}
12

二、选择题 · 复数

已知 a,bR\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{b} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=9}{\in }\mathbf{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{R}},且 2+ai,b+i\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{i}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{i}i\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{i} 是虚数单位)是实系数一元二次方程 x2+px+q=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{p}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{q}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{0} 的两个根,那么 p,q\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{p}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{q} 的值分别是 ( ) (A) p=4,q=5\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{p}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{q}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{5} (B) p=4,q=3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{p}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{q}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{3} (C) p=4,q=5\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{p}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{q}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{5} (D) p=4,q=3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{p}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{q}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{3}

答案:A

题目标签:共轭根与韦达

解题过程

由共轭根求实系数方程参数

先确定两根再用韦达

(1)
确定共轭根

两个非实根必须互为共轭。

详细展开:2+ai\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{i}b+i\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{i} 对比得 b=2、a=-1,所以两根为 2i,2+i\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{i}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{i}

r1=2i,r2=2+i\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{r}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{i}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{,}\quad \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{r}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{i}
(2)
应用韦达定理

x2+px+q=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{p}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{q}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{0},根和为 -p、根积为 q。

详细展开:根和 4、根积 22+12=5\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{5},故 p=-4、q=5,选择 A。

p=4,q=5A\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{p}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{q}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{5}}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=31}{\Longrightarrow}\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{A}}
13

二、选择题 · 不等式

a,b\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{b} 是非零实数,若 a<b\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{<}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{b},则下列不等式成立的是 ( ) (A) a2<b2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{<}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}} (B) ab2<a2b\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{<}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{b} (C) 1ab2<1a2b\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}}}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{<}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{b}} (D) ba<ab\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{b}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{a}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{<}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{a}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{b}}

答案:C

题目标签:实数不等式判断

解题过程

判断含符号不确定实数的不等式

化为正分母下的差

(1)
排除符号敏感选项

a<b 但 a、b 可正可负。

详细展开:平方大小、乘以 ab 或作比值都会因符号改变,A、B、D 均可用一正一负或两个负数构造反例。

a,b0,ba>0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{b}\ne\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{,}\quad \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{>}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{0}
(2)
验证选项 C

比较 C 两边的差。

详细展开:1a2b1ab2=baa2b2>0\frac1{a^{2}b}-\frac1{ab^{2}}=\frac{b-a}{a^{2}b^{2}}>0,因为分母恒正。因此左边确实小于右边,选择 C。

1ab2<1a2bC\boxed{\frac1{ab^{2}}<\frac1{a^{2}b}}\Longrightarrow\text{C}
14

二、选择题 · 平面向量

直角坐标系 xOy\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{y} 中,i,j\vec{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{i}}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{,} \vec{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{j}} 分别是与 x,y\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{y} 轴正方向同向的单位向量. 在直角三角形 ABC\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{C} 中,若 AB=2i+j,AC=3i+kj\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{B}}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{2}\vec{\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{i}}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{+}\vec{\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{j}}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{,} \overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=54,tutor-end=55}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=55,tutor-end=56}{C}}\htmlData{tutor-start=57,tutor-end=58}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=58,tutor-end=59}{3}\vec{\htmlData{tutor-start=64,tutor-end=65}{i}}\htmlData{tutor-start=66,tutor-end=67}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=67,tutor-end=68}{k}\vec{\htmlData{tutor-start=73,tutor-end=74}{j}},则 k\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k} 的可能值个数是 ( ) (A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4

答案:B

题目标签:直角三角形向量分类

解题过程

统计直角三角形参数个数

按直角所在顶点分类

(1)
直角在 A 或 B

u=AB=(2,1),v=AC=(3,k)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{u}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{B}}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{v}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{=}\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{C}}\htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=50}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=50,tutor-end=51}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=51,tutor-end=52}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=52,tutor-end=53}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=53,tutor-end=54}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=54,tutor-end=55}{)}

详细展开:若 A 为直角,uv=6+k=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{u}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=7}{\cdot }\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{v}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{0},得 k=-6;若 B 为直角,BA=(2,1)\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{A}}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{)}BC=(1,k1)\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{C}}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{)} 点积为 k1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1},得 k=-1。

k=6 或 1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{6}\text{ \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{或} }\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{1}
(2)
排除直角在 C

若 C 为直角,CA=(3,k)\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{A}}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{)}CB=(1,1k)\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{B}}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{)} 点积为零。

详细展开:得到 k2k+3=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{0},判别式 -11<0,无实根。前两值都使三点不共线,所以共有 2 个可能值,选择 B。

2B\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=24}{\Longrightarrow}\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{B}}
15

二、选择题 · 逻辑

f(x)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)} 是定义在正整数集上的函数,且 f(x)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)} 满足:“当 f(k)k2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=15}{\geqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{k}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{2}} 成立时,总可推出 f(k+1)(k+1)2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=17}{\geqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{2}} 成立”. 那么,下列命题总成立的是 ( ) (A) 若 f(3)9\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=15}{\geqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{9} 成立,则当 k1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=12}{\geqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{1} 时,均有 f(k)k2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=15}{\geqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{k}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{2}} 成立 (B) 若 f(5)25\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=15}{\geqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{5} 成立,则当 k5\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=12}{\leqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{5} 时,均有 f(k)k2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=15}{\geqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{k}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{2}} 成立 (C) 若 f(7)<49\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{7}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{9} 成立,则当 k8\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=12}{\geqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{8} 时,均有 f(k)<k2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{k}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}} 成立 (D) 若 f(4)=25\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{5} 成立,则当 k4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=12}{\geqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{4} 时,均有 f(k)k2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=15}{\geqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{k}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{2}} 成立

答案:D

题目标签:数学归纳逻辑

解题过程

判断递推命题的逻辑后果

区分正向归纳与逆向推断

(1)
理解传播方向

题设只保证命题 Pk:f(k)k2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{P}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{k}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{:}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=14}{\ge }\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{k}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{2}} 成立时可推出 Pk+1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{P}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1}}

详细展开:所以只要某一 Pk 成立,就能向更大的下标连续传播;不能直接向前反推。

PkPk+1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{P}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{k}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=21}{\Longrightarrow }\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{P}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{1}}
(2)
检验选项

D 中 f(4)25\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=7}{\ge}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{5}f(4)16\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=7}{\ge}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{6} 更强,故 P4 成立。

详细展开:由题设反复归纳,所有 k4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=4}{\ge}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{4} 都有 f(k)k2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=8}{\ge }\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{k}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}}。A、B、C 都错误使用了逆向或反向传播,故选 D。

D\boxed{\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{D}}}
16

三、解答题 · 立体几何

如图,在体积为 1 的直三棱柱 ABCA1B1C1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{A}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{B}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{1}} 中,ACB=90,AC=BC=1\angle ACB=90^\circ, AC=BC=1,求直线 A1B\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{B} 与平面 BB1C1C\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{C} 所成角.(结果用反三角函数值表示)

原卷题面及图示 1
原卷题面及图示 1原卷第 1 页 · question_region_fallback · 需复核

答案:arcsin(√6/6)

题目标签:直三棱柱线面角

解题过程

求直线与三棱柱侧面所成角

由体积求高再求法向分量

(1)
求棱柱高并建坐标

底面直角三角形面积为 1/2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2},体积为 1,所以侧棱高为 2。

详细展开:取 C=(0,0,0),A=(1,0,0),B=(0,1,0),A1=(1,0,2)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{A}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{)}。平面 BB1C1C\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{C} 为 x=0,法向沿 x 轴。

AA1=2,A1B=(1,1,2)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{A}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{,}\quad\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{A}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{B}}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{)}
(2)
求线面角

方向向量模为 6\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{6}},在平面法向的分量绝对值为 1。

详细展开:线面角 θ 的正弦为 1/6=6/6\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{/}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{6}}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{=}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{6}}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{6},故所求角为 arcsin(6/6)\arcsin\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{(}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{6}}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{)}

theta=arcsin66\boxed{\\\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{h}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{e}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{=}\arcsin\frac{\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{6}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{6}}}
17

三、解答题 · 解三角形

ABC\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=10}{\triangle }\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{C} 中,a,b,c\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{c} 分别是三个内角 A,B,C\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{C} 的对边. 若 a=2,C=π4,cosB2=255\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=16}{\pi}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{4}}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{,} \cos\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{B}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{=}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{2}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=51,tutor-end=52}{5}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=55,tutor-end=56}{5}},求 ABC\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=10}{\triangle }\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{C} 的面积 S\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{S}.

答案:8/7\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{8}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{7}

题目标签:半角公式与面积

解题过程

由半角余弦求三角形面积

先还原 B 的正余弦

(1)
求 B 与 A 的三角值

cos(B/2)=2/5\cos\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{/}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{5}},三角形内角使半角为锐角。

详细展开:sin(B/2)=1/5\sin\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{/}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{5}},故 cosB=3/5,sinB=4/5\cos \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{,}\sin \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{5}。又 A=πBC\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=5}{\pi}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{C},所以 sinA=sin(B+C)=72/10\sin \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=}\sin\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{7}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{0}

sinB=4/5,sinA=72/10\sin \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{,}\quad\sin \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{7}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{0}
(2)
应用正弦定理求面积

由正弦定理,边 c 满足 c/a=sinC/sinA\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{c}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{=}\sin \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{/}\sin \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{A}

详细展开:面积 S=12acsinB=a2sinBsinC2sinA\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{S}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{c}\sin \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{=}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{2}}\sin \htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{B}\sin \htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{C}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{2}\sin \htmlData{tutor-start=53,tutor-end=54}{A}}。代入 a=2,C=π/4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=9}{\pi}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{4}S=8/7\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{S}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{8}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{7}

S=87\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{S}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{8}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{7}}}
18

三、解答题 · 应用题

近年来,太阳能技术运用的步伐日益加快. 2002 年全球太阳电池的年生产量达到 670 兆瓦,年生产量的增长率为 34 %. 以后四年中,年生产量的增长率逐年递增 2 %(如,2003 年的年生产量的增长率为 36 %). (1) 求 2006 年全球太阳电池的年生产量(结果精确到 0.1 兆瓦); (2) 目前太阳电池产业存在的主要问题是市场安装量远小于生产量,2006 年的实际安装量为 1420 兆瓦. 假设以后若干年内太阳电池的年生产量的增长率保持在 42 %,到 2010 年,要使年安装量与年生产量基本持平(即年安装量不少于年生产量的 95 %),这四年中太阳电池的年安装量的平均增长率至少应达到多少(结果精确到 0.1 %)?

答案:2499.8;61.5%

题目标签:复合增长率

解题过程

(1)计算 2006 年生产量

逐年复合增长

(1)
列四年增长率

2003 至 2006 年增长率依次为 36%、38%、40%、42%。

详细展开:每年生产量以前一年为基数,所以需连乘四个增长因子。

P2006=6701.361.381.401.42\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{P}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{6}}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{7}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=17}{\cdot}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=26}{\cdot}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{8}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=35}{\cdot}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=44}{\cdot}\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{2}
(2)
计算并四舍五入

乘积为 2499.822528。

详细展开:精确到 0.1 兆瓦得到 2499.8 兆瓦。

2499.8 兆瓦\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{8}\text{ \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{兆}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{瓦}}}

(2)求安装量平均增长率下界

建立 2010 年复利不等式

(1)
写 2010 年两种量

设安装量年平均增长率为 r。

详细展开:2010 安装量为 1420(1+r)4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{r}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{4}},生产量为 2499.8225281.424\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{8}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{8}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=16}{\cdot}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{4}}。要求前者至少为后者的 95%。

1420(1+r)40.952499.8225281.424\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{r}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{4}}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=16}{\ge}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=25}{\cdot}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{8}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{8}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=41}{\cdot}\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{4}}
(2)
解增长率

两边除以 1420 并开四次方。

详细展开:得到 r0.614821\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{r}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=4}{\ge}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{8}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{1}\cdots,精确到 0.1% 为至少 61.5%。

rmin=61.5%\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{r}_{\min}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=22}{\%}}
19

三、解答题 · 函数

已知函数 f(x)=x2+ax\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{+}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{a}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{x}} (x0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} \neq \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{0}, 常数 aR\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=6}{\in }\mathbf{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{R}}). (1) 讨论函数 f(x)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)} 的奇偶性,并说明理由; (2) 若函数 f(x)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)}x[2,+)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=6}{\in }\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=17}{\infty}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{)} 上为增函数,求 a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a} 的取值范围.

答案:分类见解析;a≤16

题目标签:分式函数奇偶与单调

解题过程

(1)讨论函数奇偶性

比较 f(-x) 与 f(x)

(1)
判断偶性

定义域 R{0}\mathbb{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{R}}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=19}{\setminus}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=21}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=24}{\}} 关于原点对称。

详细展开:f(x)=x2a/x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{x}。它与 f(x)=x2+a/x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{x} 恒等当且仅当 a=0,此时函数是偶函数。

a=0f 偶\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=19}{\Longrightarrow }\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{f}\text{ \htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{偶}}
(2)
排除奇性并分类

f(x)=f(x)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{)} 会要求 2x2=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{0} 对所有非零 x 成立,不可能。

详细展开:所以任何 a 下都不是奇函数;a≠0 时既非奇也非偶。

a=0 时偶; a0 时非奇非偶\boxed{a=0\text{ 时偶};\ a\ne0\text{ 时非奇非偶}}

(2)求区间递增的参数范围

让导数在 x≥2 恒非负

(1)
求导并转化条件

f(x)=2xa/x2=(2x3a)/x2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}'\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{2}}

详细展开:在 x≥2 上分母为正,且分子 2x3a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{a} 随 x 递增,最小值出现在 x=2。

minx2(2x3a)=16a\min_{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=10}{\ge}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{a}
(2)
求参数并验证边界

单调递增要求 f(x)0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}'\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=8}{\ge}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{0},故 16a0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=7}{\ge}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{0}

详细展开:得到 a16\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=4}{\le}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{6}。当 a=16 时只在端点导数为零、其后为正,函数仍严格递增,因此边界可取。

a16\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=11}{\le}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{6}}
20

三、解答题 · 数列

如果有穷数列 a1,a2,a3,,an\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{,} \cdots\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{n}} (n\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{n} 为正整数) 满足条件 a1=an,a2=an1,,an=a1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{n}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{,} \cdots\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{n}}\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{1}}, 即 ai=ani+1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{i}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{i}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{1}} (i=1,2,,n\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{i}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{,} \cdots\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{n}), 我们称其为“对称数列”. 例如,由组合数组成的数列 Cm0,Cm1,,Cmm\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{m}}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{0}}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{m}}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{,} \cdots\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{m}}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{m}} 就是“对称数列”. (1) 设 {bn}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=2}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{b}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{n}}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=9}{\}} 是项数为 7 的“对称数列”,其中 b1,b2,b3,b4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{b}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{b}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{b}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{4}} 是等差数列,且 b1=2,b4=11\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{b}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{4}}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{1}. 依次写出 {bn}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=2}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{b}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{n}}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=9}{\}} 的每一项; (2) 设 {cn}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=2}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{c}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{n}}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=9}{\}} 是项数为 2k1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1} (正整数 k>1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{>}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}) 的“对称数列”,其中 ck,ck+1,,c2k1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{c}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{k}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{c}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{,} \cdots\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{c}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{1}} 是首项为 50,公差为 -4 的等差数列. 记 {cn}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=2}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{c}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{n}}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=9}{\}} 各项的和为 S2k1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{S}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1}}. 当 k\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k} 为何值时,S2k1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{S}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1}} 取得最大值?并求出 S2k1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{S}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1}} 的最大值; (3) 对于确定的正整数 m>1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{>}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1},写出所有项数不超过 2m\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{m} 的“对称数列”,使得 1,2,22,,2m1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{,} \cdots\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{1}} 依次是该数列中连续的项; 当 m>1500\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{>}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{0} 时,求其中一个“对称数列”前 2008 项的和 S2008\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{S}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{8}}.

答案:各问见解析

题目标签:对称数列综合

解题过程

(1)写七项对称数列

求等差前半并镜像

(1)
求前四项

首项 2、第四项 11 给公差 3。

详细展开:所以前四项为 2、5、8、11。

2,5,8,11\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{8}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}
(2)
补成对称数列

后三项是前三项倒序。

详细展开:完整数列为 2、5、8、11、8、5、2。

2,5,8,11,8,5,2\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{8}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{8}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{2}}

(2)求对称等差数列和最大值

中心项一次、其余后半项成对

(1)
写总和关于 k 的式子

ck,ck+1,,c2k1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{c}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{k}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{c}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=20}{\ldots}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{c}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{1}} 为 k 项等差数列,ck+j=504j\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{c}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{j}}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{j}

详细展开:中心项 c_k=50 只出现一次,其余 j=1 至 k-1 的项各出现两次,故 S2k1=50+2j=1k1(504j)=4k2+104k50\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{S}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}\sum_{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{j}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{1}}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{j}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{k}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=48,tutor-end=49}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=50}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=50,tutor-end=51}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=51,tutor-end=52}{0}

S2k1=4k2+104k50\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{S}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{k}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{0}
(2)
求整数最大点

该二次函数开口向下,对称轴为 k=104/8=13\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{8}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{3}

详细展开:k=13 是允许的整数,最大值为 4132+1041350=626\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=7}{\cdot}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{3}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=22}{\cdot}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{6}

k=13,Smax=626\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{,}\quad \htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{S}_{\max}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{6}}

(3)枚举全部幂块对称数列并求前缀和

利用镜像块至多重叠一个中心项

(1)
列出四种数列

U=(1,2,,2m1)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{U}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=13}{\ldots}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{)}R=(2m1,,2,1)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{R}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=17}{\ldots}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{)}

详细展开:幂值互异,给定连续块与其镜像最多只能在一个中心项重叠;项数又不超过 2m。因此全部可能恰为 (U,R)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{U}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{R}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}(R,U)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{R}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{U}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}(各 2m 项),以及 (U,2m2,,1)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{U}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=17}{\ldots}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{)}(R,2,4,,2m1)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{R}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=13}{\ldots}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{)}(各 2m-1 项)。

UR, RU, U(2m2,,1), R(2,,2m1)\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{U}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{R}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=12}{\ }\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{R}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{U}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=17}{\ }\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{U}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=33}{\ldots}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=39}{\ }\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{R}\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=49}{\ldots}\htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=50}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=50,tutor-end=51}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=53,tutor-end=54}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=54,tutor-end=55}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=55,tutor-end=56}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=57,tutor-end=58}{)}}
(2)
求 m≥2008 时前 2008 项

此时前缀尚未越过每种数列的第一块。

详细展开:两种以 U 开头的和均为 220081\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{8}}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1};两种以 R 开头的和均为 2m2008(220081)=2m2m2008\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{8}}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{8}}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{m}}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{8}}

m2008:SU=220081,SR=2m2m2008\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=4}{\ge}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{8}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{:}\quad \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{S}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{U}}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{8}}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{,}\quad \htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{S}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{R}}\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{m}}\htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=50}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=50,tutor-end=51}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=53,tutor-end=54}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=54,tutor-end=55}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=55,tutor-end=56}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=56,tutor-end=57}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=57,tutor-end=58}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=58,tutor-end=59}{8}}
(3)
求 1500<m<2008 时前缀

前 2008 项跨过第一块,分别累加相应镜像段。

详细展开:按上述四种顺序,S2008\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{S}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{8}} 依次为 2m+1122m2008\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{8}}2m+22008m2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{m}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{8}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{m}}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{2}32m1122m2009\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=6}{\cdot}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{9}}2m+22009m3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{m}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{m}}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{3}

S1=2m+1122m2008,S2=2m+22008m2,S3=32m1122m2009,S4=2m+22009m3\boxed{\begin{aligned}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{S}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{1}}&\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=48,tutor-end=49}{8}}\htmlData{tutor-start=50,tutor-end=51}{,}\\\htmlData{tutor-start=53,tutor-end=54}{S}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=56,tutor-end=57}{2}}&\htmlData{tutor-start=59,tutor-end=60}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=60,tutor-end=61}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=63,tutor-end=64}{m}}\htmlData{tutor-start=65,tutor-end=66}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=66,tutor-end=67}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=69,tutor-end=70}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=70,tutor-end=71}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=71,tutor-end=72}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=72,tutor-end=73}{8}\htmlData{tutor-start=73,tutor-end=74}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=74,tutor-end=75}{m}}\htmlData{tutor-start=76,tutor-end=77}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=77,tutor-end=78}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=78,tutor-end=79}{,}\\\htmlData{tutor-start=81,tutor-end=82}{S}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=84,tutor-end=85}{3}}&\htmlData{tutor-start=87,tutor-end=88}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=88,tutor-end=89}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=89,tutor-end=94}{\cdot}\htmlData{tutor-start=94,tutor-end=95}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=97,tutor-end=98}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=98,tutor-end=99}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=99,tutor-end=100}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=101,tutor-end=102}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=102,tutor-end=103}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=103,tutor-end=104}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=104,tutor-end=105}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=107,tutor-end=108}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=108,tutor-end=109}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=109,tutor-end=110}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=110,tutor-end=111}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=111,tutor-end=112}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=112,tutor-end=113}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=113,tutor-end=114}{9}}\htmlData{tutor-start=115,tutor-end=116}{,}\\\htmlData{tutor-start=118,tutor-end=119}{S}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=121,tutor-end=122}{4}}&\htmlData{tutor-start=124,tutor-end=125}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=125,tutor-end=126}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=128,tutor-end=129}{m}}\htmlData{tutor-start=130,tutor-end=131}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=131,tutor-end=132}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=134,tutor-end=135}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=135,tutor-end=136}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=136,tutor-end=137}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=137,tutor-end=138}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=138,tutor-end=139}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=139,tutor-end=140}{m}}\htmlData{tutor-start=141,tutor-end=142}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=142,tutor-end=143}{3}\end{aligned}}
21

三、解答题 · 圆锥曲线

我们把由半椭圆 x2a2+y2b2=1\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}}}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{+}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{y}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{2}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{2}}}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{1} (x0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=12}{\geqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{0}) 与半椭圆 y2b2+x2c2=1\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{y}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}}}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{+}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{2}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{c}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{2}}}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{1} (x0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=12}{\leqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{0}) 合成的曲线称作“果圆”,其中 a2=b2+c2,a>0,b>c>0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{c}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{>}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{>}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{c}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{>}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{0}. 如图,设点 F0,F1,F2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{F}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{0}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{F}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{F}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{2}} 是相应椭圆的焦点,A1,A2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{A}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}}B1,B2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{B}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}} 分别是“果圆”与 x,y\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{y} 轴的交点. (1) 若 F0F1F2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=10}{\triangle }\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{F}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{0}} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{F}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{F}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{2}} 是边长为 1 的等边三角形,求“果圆”的方程; (2) 当 A1A2>B1B2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{A}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{A}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{|} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{>} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{B}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{B}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{|} 时,求 ba\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{b}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{a}} 的取值范围; (3) 连接“果圆”上任意两点的线段称为“果圆”的弦. 试研究:是否存在实数 k\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k},使斜率为 k\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k} 的“果圆”平行弦的中点轨迹总是落在某个椭圆上?若存在,求出所有可能的 k\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k} 值; 若不存在,说明理由.

原卷图示 1
原卷图示 1原卷第 2 页 · qwen3.7-plus_layout_detection · 需复核

答案:各问见解析;k=0

题目标签:果圆轴长与弦中点

解题过程

(1)由焦点等边三角形求果圆方程

计算三个半轴参数

(1)
求 b、c

右半椭圆焦点 F0=(c,0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{F}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{0}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{c}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{)},左半椭圆焦点 F1,2=(0,b2c2)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{F}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=14}{\mp}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{c}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{2}}}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{)}

详细展开:等边边长 1 给 2b2c2=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{c}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}}}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{1}F0F2=b=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{F}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{F}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{1},故 c2=3/4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{c}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{4}

b2=1,c2=3/4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{,}\quad \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{c}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{4}
(2)
求 a 并写分段方程

a2=b2+c2=7/4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{c}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{7}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{4}

详细展开:所以果圆为右半 4x2/7+y2=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{7}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{y}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{1}、左半 y2+4x2/3=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{1}

{4x27+y2=1,x0y2+4x23=1,x0\boxed{\begin{cases}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{2}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{7}}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{y}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{,}&\htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=50}{\ge}\htmlData{tutor-start=50,tutor-end=51}{0}\\\htmlData{tutor-start=53,tutor-end=54}{y}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=56,tutor-end=57}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=58,tutor-end=59}{+}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=65,tutor-end=66}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=66,tutor-end=67}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=69,tutor-end=70}{2}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=73,tutor-end=74}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=75,tutor-end=76}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=76,tutor-end=77}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=77,tutor-end=78}{,}&\htmlData{tutor-start=79,tutor-end=80}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=80,tutor-end=83}{\le}\htmlData{tutor-start=83,tutor-end=84}{0}\end{cases}}

(2)由轴截距不等式求 b/a 范围

无量纲化后平方

(1)
写轴长条件

横轴两交点为 (c,0),(a,0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{c}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{)},纵轴两交点为 (0,±b)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=7}{\pm }\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{)}

详细展开:所以条件是 a+c>2b\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{c}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{>}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{b}。令 t=b/a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{a},则 c/a=1t2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{c}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{=}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{t}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{2}}};又 b>c 给 t>1/2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{>}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{/}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}}

1+1t2>2t,t>1/2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{+}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{t}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}}}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{>}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{,}\quad \htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{>}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{/}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{2}}
(2)
解不等式

在该范围内 2t1>0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{>}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{0},可安全平方。

详细展开:1t2>(2t1)2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{t}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{>}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}} 化为 t<4/5\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{<}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{5}。结合固有限制得到 1/2<t<4/5\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{/}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{<}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{<}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{5}

22<ba<45\boxed{\frac{\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{2}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{<}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{b}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{a}}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{<}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{4}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{5}}}

(3)研究平行弦中点轨迹

证明仅水平弦给出椭圆轨迹

(1)
验证 k=0

水平线 y=t\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{t} 与果圆左右半各交一点。

详细展开:令 u=1t2/b2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{u}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{t}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{2}}},两端横坐标为 au\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{u}cu\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{c}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{u},中点 (X,Y)=((ac)u/2,t)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{X}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{Y}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{c}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{u}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{)}。因此 4X2/(ac)2+Y2/b2=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{X}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{c}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{Y}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{1},中点轨迹落在一个椭圆上。

k=0:4X2(ac)2+Y2b2=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{:}\quad\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{X}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{2}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{c}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{2}}}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{+}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{Y}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{2}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=50,tutor-end=51}{2}}}\htmlData{tutor-start=53,tutor-end=54}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=54,tutor-end=55}{1}
(2)
排除 k≠0

任意非零有限斜率 k 都是右半光滑椭圆弧某点的切线斜率。

详细展开:取与该切线平行且稍向内的直线,会在右半椭圆上产生两个交点;随截距连续变化,这些弦的中点在直线 Y=b2ka2X\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{Y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{2}}}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{X} 上形成一段非退化线段。非退化椭圆与一条直线至多有两个交点,不可能包含整段直线,因此 k≠0 均不合格。

k0中点集中含非退化线段\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k}\ne\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=20}{\Longrightarrow}\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{中}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{点}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{集}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{中}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{含}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{非}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{退}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{化}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{线}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{段}}
(3)
给出唯一结论

水平弦已经构造出所需椭圆,其他实斜率全部排除。

详细展开:所以所有可能的斜率只有 k=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}

k=0\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{0}}