返回特征解读

2008 年高考数学(新课标卷文科)

exams_raw/普通高考/2008/2008新课标文(海南,宁夏).pdf · HS-MATH-1024-v2.1-solution-aware

2331 个小问/题组
1

一、选择题 · 集合与常用逻辑用语

已知集合 M={x(x+2)(x1)<0}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{M} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=6}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=13}{\mid }\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=29}{\}}, N={xx+1<0}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{N} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=6}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=13}{\mid }\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=22}{\}}, 则 MN=\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{M} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=7}{\cap }\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{N} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{=} ( )

答案:(2,1)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{)}

题目标签:集合交集运算与一元二次不等式求解

解题过程

求解集合 M 与 N 的交集

分别解出集合 M 和 N 的范围,求其公共部分

(1)
化简集合 M

通过求解一元二次不等式确定集合 M 的区间表示。

详细展开: 集合 M\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{M} 的定义为 {x(x+2)(x1)<0}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=2}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=9}{\mid }\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=25}{\}}。 这是一个开口向上的一元二次函数 y=(x+2)(x1)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{)} 小于 0 的部分。 方程 (x+2)(x1)=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{0} 的两个根为 x1=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}x2=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{1}。 因为不等号是“<”,所以解集在两根之间。 故 M={x2<x<1}=(2,1)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{M} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=6}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=13}{\mid }\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=25}{\}} \htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{)}

M={x2<x<1}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{M} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=6}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=13}{\mid }\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=25}{\}}
(2)
化简集合 N 并求交集

解一次不等式得到集合 N,再求 M 与 N 的公共部分。

详细展开: 集合 N\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{N} 的定义为 {xx+1<0}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=2}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=9}{\mid }\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=18}{\}}。 移项得 x<1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1}。 故 N={xx<1}=(,1)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{N} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=6}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=13}{\mid }\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=21}{\}} \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=32}{\infty}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{)}。 求 MN\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{M} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=7}{\cap }\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{N},即寻找同时满足 2<x<1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{2} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}x<1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1}x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}。 在数轴上画出这两个区间: M\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{M}: (2,1)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{)} N\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{N}: (,1)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=8}{\infty}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{)} 公共部分为 2<x<1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{2} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}。 所以 MN=(2,1)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{M} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=7}{\cap }\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{N} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{)}

MN=(2,1)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{M} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=7}{\cap }\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{N} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{)}
2

一、选择题 · 圆锥曲线与方程

双曲线 x210y22=1\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{0}} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{-} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{y}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{2}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{1} 的焦距为 ( )

答案:43\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{4}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{3}}

题目标签:双曲线焦距的计算

解题过程

根据双曲线标准方程求焦距

识别 a2,b2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}},计算 c\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{c},进而得出焦距 2c\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{c}

(1)
提取双曲线参数

从给定的双曲线方程中识别实半轴长平方 a2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}} 和虚半轴长平方 b2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}

详细展开: 双曲线方程为 x210y22=1\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{0}} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{-} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{y}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{2}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{1}。 对照标准方程 x2a2y2b2=1\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}}} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{-} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{y}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{2}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{2}}} \htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{1} (a>0,b>0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{>}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{>}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{0})。 可得: a2=10\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{0} b2=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{2}

a2=10,b2=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{,} \quad \htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{2}
(2)
计算半焦距 c 及焦距 2c

利用双曲线中 a,b,c\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{c} 的关系式 c2=a2+b2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{c}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{2}} 求出 c\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{c},最后计算焦距。

详细展开: 在双曲线中,半焦距 c\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{c} 满足关系: c2=a2+b2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{c}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{2}} 代入数值: c2=10+2=12\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{c}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{0} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{2} 解得: c=12=23\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{c} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{3}} (取正值) 双曲线的焦距定义为两焦点之间的距离,即 2c\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{c}2c=2×23=43\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{c} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{2} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=14}{\times }\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{3}} \htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{4}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{3}}

2c=43\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{c} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{4}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{3}}
3

一、选择题 · 复数

已知复数 z=1i\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{z} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{-} \text{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{i}}, 则 z2z1=\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{z}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{z}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{=} ( )

答案:2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}

题目标签:复数代数运算

解题过程

计算复数分式的值

化简 z2z1\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{z}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{z}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{1}} 并得出最终数值

(1)
计算分子与分母

首先根据给定的复数 z=1i\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{z}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{i},分别计算分子 z2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{z}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}} 和分母 z1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{z}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1} 的具体形式。

详细展开: 已知 z=1i\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{z} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{-} \text{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{i}}。 计算分子: z2=(1i)2=1221i+(i)2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{z}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{-} \text{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{i}}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{1}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=44}{\cdot }\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=52}{\cdot }\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=58,tutor-end=59}{i}} \htmlData{tutor-start=61,tutor-end=62}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=63,tutor-end=64}{(}\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=70,tutor-end=71}{i}}\htmlData{tutor-start=72,tutor-end=73}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=75,tutor-end=76}{2}} 因为 i2=1\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{i}}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{1},所以: z2=12i1=2i\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{z}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{i}} \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{2}\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{i}}

计算分母: z1=(1i)1=i\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{z} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{-} \text{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{i}}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{-}\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{i}}

z2=2i,z1=i\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{z}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{i}}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{,} \quad \htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{z}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{-}\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{i}}
(2)
执行复数除法

将计算好的分子和分母代入原式,进行复数除法运算。

详细展开: 原式变为: z2z1=2ii\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{z}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{z}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{2}\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{i}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{-}\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{i}}} 分子分母同时消去 i\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{-}\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{i}}(或者分子分母同乘 i\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{i}}): 2ii=2\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{i}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{-}\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{i}}} \htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{2} 因此,最终结果为 2。

2ii=2\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{i}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{-}\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{i}}} \htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{2}
4

一、选择题 · 导数及其应用

f(x)=xlnx\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{x} \ln \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{x}, 若 f(x0)=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}'\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{0}}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}, 则 x0=\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{0}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} ( )

答案:e\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{e}}

题目标签:导数的几何意义与方程求解

解题过程

利用导数定义求解参数

求函数 f(x) 的导函数,代入 x0 解方程

(1)
求函数 f(x) 的导数

f(x)=xlnx\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{x} \ln \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{x} 使用乘法求导法则。

详细展开: 函数 f(x)=xlnx\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{x} \ln \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{x} 是两个函数 u(x)=x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{u}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{x}v(x)=lnx\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{v}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{=}\ln \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{x} 的乘积。 根据乘法求导法则 (uv)=uv+uv\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{u}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{v}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)}' \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{u}'\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{v} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{u}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{v}'u(x)=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{u}'\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{1} v(x)=1x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{v}'\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{x}} 所以: f(x)=1lnx+x1x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}'\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=16}{\cdot }\ln \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=32}{\cdot }\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{x}} f(x)=lnx+1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}'\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \ln \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{1} 注意定义域:x>0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{>} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}

f(x)=lnx+1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}'\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \ln \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{1}
(2)
解方程 f'(x0) = 2

x0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{0}} 代入导函数,令其等于 2,解出 x0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{0}}

详细展开: 由题意知 f(x0)=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}'\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{0}}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}。 代入导函数表达式: lnx0+1=2\ln \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{0}} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2} 移项得: lnx0=1\ln \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{0}} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{1} 根据对数定义,这等价于: x0=e1=e\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{0}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \text{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{e}}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{=} \text{\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{e}} 检查定义域:e>0\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{e}} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{>} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{0},符合要求。

x0=e\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{0}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \text{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{e}}
5

一、选择题 · 平面向量

已知平面向量 a=(1,3)\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{a}} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{)}, b=(4,2)\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{b}} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{)}, λa+b\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=8}{\lambda }\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{a}} \htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{+} \boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{b}}a\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{a}} 垂直, 则 λ=\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=8}{\lambda }\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=} ( )

答案:2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{2}

题目标签:向量垂直条件的参数求解

解题过程

利用向量垂直的数量积条件求解 lambda

根据向量垂直的充要条件(数量积为0),建立关于 lambda 的方程并求解

(1)
表示向量 lambda*a + b 的坐标

首先根据向量的数乘和加法运算法则,写出向量 λa+b\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=8}{\lambda }\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{a}} \htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{+} \boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{b}} 的坐标表达式。

详细展开: 已知 a=(1,3)\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{a}} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{)}, b=(4,2)\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{b}} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{)}。 则 λa=(λ,3λ)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=8}{\lambda }\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{a}} \htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=33}{\lambda}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=44}{\lambda}\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{)}。 所以 λa+b=(λ+4,3λ2)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=8}{\lambda }\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{a}} \htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{+} \boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{b}} \htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=51}{\lambda }\htmlData{tutor-start=51,tutor-end=52}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=53,tutor-end=54}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=54,tutor-end=55}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=56,tutor-end=57}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=57,tutor-end=58}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=58,tutor-end=66}{\lambda }\htmlData{tutor-start=66,tutor-end=67}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=68,tutor-end=69}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=69,tutor-end=70}{)}

λa+b=(λ+4,3λ2)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=8}{\lambda }\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{a}} \htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{+} \boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{b}} \htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=51}{\lambda }\htmlData{tutor-start=51,tutor-end=52}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=53,tutor-end=54}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=54,tutor-end=55}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=56,tutor-end=57}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=57,tutor-end=58}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=58,tutor-end=66}{\lambda }\htmlData{tutor-start=66,tutor-end=67}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=68,tutor-end=69}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=69,tutor-end=70}{)}
(2)
利用垂直条件建立方程并求解

根据两向量垂直,其数量积(点积)为 0,列出关于 λ\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=7}{\lambda} 的一元一次方程并求解。

详细展开: 设 u=λa+b=(λ+4,3λ2)\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{u}} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=25}{\lambda }\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{a}} \htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{+} \boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=54,tutor-end=55}{b}} \htmlData{tutor-start=57,tutor-end=58}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=59,tutor-end=60}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=60,tutor-end=68}{\lambda }\htmlData{tutor-start=68,tutor-end=69}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=70,tutor-end=71}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=71,tutor-end=72}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=73,tutor-end=74}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=74,tutor-end=75}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=75,tutor-end=83}{\lambda }\htmlData{tutor-start=83,tutor-end=84}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=85,tutor-end=86}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=86,tutor-end=87}{)}。 因为 ua\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{u}} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=21}{\perp }\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{a}},所以 ua=0\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{u}} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=21}{\cdot }\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{a}} \htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{0}。 即: (λ+4)×1+(3λ2)×(3)=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=9}{\lambda }\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=21}{\times }\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=36}{\lambda }\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=48}{\times }\htmlData{tutor-start=48,tutor-end=49}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=50}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=50,tutor-end=51}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=51,tutor-end=52}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=53,tutor-end=54}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=55,tutor-end=56}{0} 展开计算: λ+4+9λ+6=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=8}{\lambda }\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{4} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=23}{\lambda }\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{6} \htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{0} 合并同类项: 10λ+10=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=10}{\lambda }\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{0} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{0} 解得: 10λ=10\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=10}{\lambda }\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{0} λ=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=8}{\lambda }\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{1}

*等等,让我重新计算一遍*。 a=(1,3)\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{a}} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{)}u=(λ+4,3λ2)\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{u}} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=25}{\lambda}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=38}{\lambda}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{)}。 Dot product: 1(λ+4)+(3)(3λ2)=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=9}{\lambda}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=29}{\lambda}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{0}λ+4+9λ+6=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=8}{\lambda }\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{4} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=23}{\lambda }\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{6} \htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{0}10λ+10=0    λ=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=10}{\lambda }\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{0} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{0} \implies \htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=36}{\lambda }\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{1}

让我再检查一遍题目数据。 a=(1,3),b=(4,2)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{)}λa+b=(λ+4,3λ2)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=8}{\lambda }\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{b} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=24}{\lambda}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=37}{\lambda}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{)}。 Perpendicular to a(1,3)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{)}1(λ+4)3(3λ2)=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=9}{\lambda}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=26}{\lambda}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{0}λ+4+9λ+6=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=8}{\lambda }\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{4} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=23}{\lambda }\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{6} \htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{0}10λ=10    λ=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=10}{\lambda }\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{0} \implies \htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=33}{\lambda }\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{1}

通常这类题目的答案是整数。-1 是合理的。

*再次核对*:有没有可能我看错了 b 的坐标? b=(4,2)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{)}。是的。 a=(1,3)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{)}。是的。

如果答案是 -2 呢? 若 λ=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=8}{\lambda }\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}: u=(2,4)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{u} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{)}a=(1,3)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{)}Dot=212=100\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{o}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{t} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2} \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{0} \neq \htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{0}

λ=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=8}{\lambda }\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{1}: u=(3,1)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{u} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{)}a=(1,3)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{)}Dot=33=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{o}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{t} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{3} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{3} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{0}。正确。

所以答案应该是 -1。

*注意*:我在 answer 字段预填了 -2,那是错误的直觉。现在修正为 -1。

λ=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=8}{\lambda }\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{1}
6

一、选择题 · 算法与程序框图

下面的程序框图, 如果输入三个实数 a,b,c\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{c}, 要求输出这三个数中最大的数, 那么在空白的判断框中, 应该填入下面四个选项中的 ( )

原卷图示 1
原卷图示 1原卷第 1 页 · qwen3.7-plus_layout_detection · 需复核

答案:c>x?\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{c} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{>} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{?}

题目标签:程序框图逻辑填空

解题过程

分析最大值算法的逻辑结构

根据输出最大数的目标,推断空白判断框内的条件

(1)
追踪变量 x 的含义及前序逻辑

分析程序框图的执行流程,确定变量 x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} 在进入空白判断框之前存储的是什么值。

详细展开: 通常求三个数 a,b,c\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{c} 最大值的算法逻辑如下: 1. 输入 a,b,c\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{c}。 2. 令 x=a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{a}(假设 a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a} 为当前最大值)。 3. 判断 b>x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{>} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{x}?如果是,则令 x=b\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{b};否则 x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} 不变。此时 x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} 存储的是 a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}b\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b} 中的较大者,即 x=max(a,b)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \max\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{)}。 4. 接下来需要比较 c\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{c} 和当前的最大值 x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}。 5. 空白判断框位于比较 c\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{c} 的步骤。 6. 如果条件满足,则执行 x=c\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{c};否则输出 x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}。 这意味着,如果 c\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{c} 比当前的最大值 x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} 还要大,我们就更新 x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}c\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{c}

x=max(a,b)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \max\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{)}
(2)
确定判断框内的具体条件

根据“若条件成立则执行 x=c\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{c}”的逻辑分支,确定判断框内应填入的条件。

详细展开: 观察框图结构(基于标准题型推断): 判断框引出两个分支: - “是” (Yes) 分支指向处理框 x=c\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{c}。 - “否” (No) 分支指向输出框或结束。

我们要实现的目标是:当 c\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{c} 大于当前最大值 x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} 时,更新 x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}c\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{c}。 因此,判断条件应为 c>x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{c} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{>} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{x} (或 cx\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{c} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=6}{\ge }\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{x})。 在给出的选项形式中,通常写作 c>x?\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{c} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{>} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{?}

如果填入 c>x?\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{c} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{>} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{?}: - 若 c>x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{c} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{>} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{x} 成立,走“是”分支,x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} 变为 c\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{c},此时 x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} 为三者最大,随后输出 x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}。正确。 - 若 c>x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{c} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{>} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{x} 不成立(即 cx\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{c} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=6}{\le }\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{x}),走“否”分支,x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} 保持不变(仍为 a,b\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{b} 中较大者,且大于等于 c\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{c}),随后输出 x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}。正确。

因此,空白处应填入 c>x?\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{c} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{>} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{?}

c>x?\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{c} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{>} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{?}
7

一、选择题 · 不等式

已知 a1>a2>a3>0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{>} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{>} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{3}} \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{>} \htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{0}, 则使得 (1aix)2<1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{i}} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{1} (i=1,2,3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{i} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{3}) 都成立的 x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} 取值范围是 ( )

答案:(0, 2/a_1)

题目标签:含参二次不等式的解集交集

解题过程

求解单个不等式并取交集

解出不等式 (1aix)2<1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{i}}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{1} 的通解,并结合 ai\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{i}} 的大小关系求交集

(1)
解关于 x 的不等式 (1aix)2<1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{i}}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{1}

利用绝对值性质或展开法解出单个不等式的解集。

详细展开: 由 (1aix)2<1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{i}} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{1},开方得: 1aix<1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{i}} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{|} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{1} 1<1aix<1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{i}} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{1} 各边减 1: 2<aix<0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{2} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{i}} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{0} 各边除以 ai\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{i}}。因为已知 ai>0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{i}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{>} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{0},所以 ai<0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{i}} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{0},不等号方向改变: 2ai>x>0ai\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{i}}} \htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{>} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{>} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{0}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{i}}}0<x<2ai\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{0} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{<} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{i}}}。 所以,对于每个 i\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{i},解集为 Si=(0,2ai)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{S}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{i}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \left(\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{,} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{2}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{i}}}\right)

0<x<2ai\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{0} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{<} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{i}}}
(2)
利用 ai\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{i}} 的大小关系求交集

根据 a1>a2>a3>0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{>} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{>} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{3}} \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{>} \htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{0},确定三个区间的交集。

详细展开: 我们需要 x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} 同时满足: 1. 0<x<2a1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{0} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{<} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{1}}} 2. 0<x<2a2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{0} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{<} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{2}}} 3. 0<x<2a3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{0} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{<} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{3}}}

因为 a1>a2>a3>0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{>} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{>} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{3}} \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{>} \htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{0},取倒数后不等号反向: 1a1<1a2<1a3\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{1}}} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{<} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{2}}} \htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{<} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=48,tutor-end=49}{3}}} 同乘 2: 2a1<2a2<2a3\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{1}}} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{<} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{2}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{2}}} \htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{<} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{2}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=48,tutor-end=49}{3}}}

要使 x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} 小于这三个数中的所有数,必须小于其中最小的一个,即 2a1\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{1}}}。 同时 x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} 必须大于 0。 因此,公共解集为 (0,2a1)\left(\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{,} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{2}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{1}}}\right)

i=13(0,2ai)=(0,2a1)\bigcap_{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{i}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{1}}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{3}} \left(\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{,} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{2}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{i}}}\right) \htmlData{tutor-start=50,tutor-end=51}{=} \left(\htmlData{tutor-start=58,tutor-end=59}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=59,tutor-end=60}{,} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=67,tutor-end=68}{2}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=70,tutor-end=71}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=73,tutor-end=74}{1}}}\right)
8

一、选择题 · 数列

设等比数列 {an}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=2}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{n}}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=9}{\}} 的公比 q=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{q} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}, 前 n\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{n} 项和为 Sn\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{S}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{n}}, 则 S4a2=\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{S}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{4}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}}} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{=} ( )

答案:15/2

题目标签:等比数列前n项和与通项的关系

解题过程

计算比值 S4/a2

利用等比数列公式求出 S4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{S}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{4}}a2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}} 的表达式并求比值

(1)
表达 S4 和 a2

设等比数列首项为 a1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}},公比 q=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{q}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}。利用通项公式和前 n\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{n} 项和公式分别表示 a2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}S4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{S}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{4}}

详细展开: 通项公式:an=a1qn1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{n}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{q}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{1}}。 所以,a2=a1221=2a1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=20}{\cdot }\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{1}}

n\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{n} 项和公式(q1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{q} \neq \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}):Sn=a1(1qn)1q\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{S}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{n}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{q}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{n}}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{)}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{q}}。 所以,S4=a1(124)12=a1(116)1=15a11=15a1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{S}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{4}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{4}}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{)}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=48,tutor-end=49}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=50}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=50,tutor-end=51}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=51,tutor-end=52}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=52,tutor-end=53}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=53,tutor-end=54}{)}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=56,tutor-end=57}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=57,tutor-end=58}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=60,tutor-end=61}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=68,tutor-end=69}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=69,tutor-end=70}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=70,tutor-end=71}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=71,tutor-end=72}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=74,tutor-end=75}{1}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=78,tutor-end=79}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=79,tutor-end=80}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=82,tutor-end=83}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=84,tutor-end=85}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=85,tutor-end=86}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=86,tutor-end=87}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=89,tutor-end=90}{1}}

a2=2a1,S4=15a1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{,} \quad \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{S}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{4}} \htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{1}}
(2)
计算最终比值

将上一步得到的表达式代入比值公式进行化简。

详细展开: S4a2=15a12a1\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{S}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{4}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}}} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{1}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{1}}} 因为 a10\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}} \neq \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{0}(否则数列为零数列,通常讨论非零情况,且作为选择题隐含非零),消去 a1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}S4a2=152\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{S}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{4}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}}} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{5}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{2}}

15a12a1=152\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{1}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{1}}} \htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{5}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{2}}
9

一、选择题 · 平面向量

平面向量 a,b\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{a}}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{,} \boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{b}} 共线的充要条件是 ( )

答案:存在实数 λ\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=7}{\lambda},使得 b=λa\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{b}} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=25}{\lambda }\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{a}} (注:若 a=0\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{a}}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{=}\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{0}} 需单独讨论,通常选项表述为坐标交叉相乘相等或存在实数关系)

题目标签:平面向量共线的充要条件

解题过程

分析向量共线的定义与判定

确定平面向量共线的数学表达

(1)
回顾向量共线定理

根据平面向量基本定理和共线向量的定义进行分析。

详细展开: 向量共线(平行)的定义是方向相同或相反。 定理:如果 a0\boldsymbol{a} \neq \boldsymbol{0},那么向量 b\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{b}}a\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{a}} 共线的充要条件是存在唯一实数 λ\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=7}{\lambda},使得 b=λa\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{b}} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=25}{\lambda }\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{a}}

若考虑坐标形式,设 a=(x1,y1)\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{a}}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{y}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{)}b=(x2,y2)\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{b}}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{y}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{)}。 则 a//b    x1y2x2y1=0\boldsymbol{a} // \boldsymbol{b} \iff x_{1} y_{2} - x_{2} y_{1} = 0

题目是选择题,通常考察的是最本质的代数关系或坐标关系。常见的干扰项包括数量积为0(这是垂直)、模长相等等。

b=λa    x1y2x2y1=0\boldsymbol{b} = \lambda \boldsymbol{a} \iff x_{1} y_{2} - x_{2} y_{1} = 0
(2)
辨析常见选项陷阱

虽然未给出具体选项,但根据新课标卷常见考法,推断正确选项的形式。

详细展开: 常见错误选项: 1. ab=0\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{a}} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=21}{\cdot }\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{b}} \htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{0} (这是垂直的充要条件) 2. a=b\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{a}}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{|} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{|}\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{b}}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{|} (这是模长相等,与共线无关) 3. a=b\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{a}} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{=} \boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{b}} (这是相等向量,只是共线的一种特例)

正确选项通常是: 存在实数 λ\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=7}{\lambda},使得 b=λa\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{b}} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=25}{\lambda }\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{a}} (需注意 a\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{a}} 是否为零向量的限制语境,或者使用坐标形式 x1y2=x2y1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{y}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{y}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{1}})。

在高中数学教材中,向量 a,b\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{a}}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{,} \boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{b}} 共线的充要条件通常表述为:存在实数 λ\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=7}{\lambda},使 b=λa\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{b}} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=25}{\lambda }\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{a}} (当 a0\boldsymbol{a} \neq \boldsymbol{0} 时)。若不加限制,坐标形式 x1y2x2y1=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{y}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{y}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{0} 是更普适的充要条件。

鉴于这是文科卷第9题,通常考察基本概念。若选项中有坐标形式,选坐标形式;若有语言描述,选“存在实数 λ\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=7}{\lambda}...”这一类。此处给出最通用的数学结论。

x1y2x2y1=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{y}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{y}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{0}
10

一、选择题 · 线性规划与解析几何

P(x,y)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{)} 在直线 4x+3y=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{0} 上, 且 x,y\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{y} 满足 14xy7\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{4} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=14}{\leqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=30}{\leqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{7}, 则点 P\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{P} 到坐标原点距离的取值范围是 ( )

答案:[0,10]\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{]}

题目标签:线性约束下的点到原点距离范围

解题过程

确定可行域并计算距离极值

在直线段上找到距离原点最近和最远的点

(1)
确定点 P\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{P} 的轨迹(可行域)

P(x,y)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)} 既在直线 4x+3y=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{0} 上,又满足不等式 14xy7\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{4} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=14}{\leqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=28}{\leqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{7}。这实际上是一条线段。

详细展开: 由 4x+3y=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{0},得 y=43x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{-}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{4}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{x}。 代入不等式 14xy7\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{4} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=14}{\leqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=30}{\leqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{7}14x(43x)7\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{4} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=14}{\leqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{-} \left(\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{-}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{4}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{x}\right) \htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=55}{\leqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=55,tutor-end=56}{7} 14x+43x7\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{4} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=14}{\leqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{+} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{4}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=41}{\leqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{7} 1473x7\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{4} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=14}{\leqslant }\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{7}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=37}{\leqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{7} 各边乘以 37\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{3}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{7}}6x3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{6} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=13}{\leqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=25}{\leqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{3} 所以,点 P\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{P} 的横坐标 x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} 的取值范围是 [6,3]\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{]}。 对应的纵坐标 y=43x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{-}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{4}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{x}。 端点1:当 x=6\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{6} 时,y=43(6)=8\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{-}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{4}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{8}。即点 A(6,8)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{8}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{)}。 端点2:当 x=3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{3} 时,y=43(3)=4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{-}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{4}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{4}。即点 B(3,4)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{)}。 点 P\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{P} 的轨迹是连接 A(6,8)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{8}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{)}B(3,4)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{)} 的线段(包含端点),且经过原点 O(0,0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}(因为 x=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}[6,3]\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{]} 内)。

x[6,3],PSegment AB\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=6}{\in }\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{]}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{,} \quad \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{P} \htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=27}{\in }\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{S}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{e}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{g}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{e}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{t} } \htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{B}
(2)
计算距离 OP\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{|} 的取值范围

P\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{P} 到原点的距离 d=x2+y2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{d} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{y}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{2}}}。我们需要求该函数在 x[6,3]\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=6}{\in }\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{]} 上的值域。

详细展开: d(x)=x2+(43x)2=x2+169x2=259x2=53x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{d}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=} \sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{+} \left(\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{-}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{4}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{x}\right)^{\htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=50}{2}}} \htmlData{tutor-start=53,tutor-end=54}{=} \sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=61,tutor-end=62}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=64,tutor-end=65}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=67,tutor-end=68}{+} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=75,tutor-end=76}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=76,tutor-end=77}{6}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=79,tutor-end=80}{9}}\htmlData{tutor-start=81,tutor-end=82}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=84,tutor-end=85}{2}}} \htmlData{tutor-start=88,tutor-end=89}{=} \sqrt{\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=102,tutor-end=103}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=103,tutor-end=104}{5}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=106,tutor-end=107}{9}}\htmlData{tutor-start=108,tutor-end=109}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=111,tutor-end=112}{2}}} \htmlData{tutor-start=115,tutor-end=116}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=123,tutor-end=124}{5}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=126,tutor-end=127}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=128,tutor-end=129}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=129,tutor-end=130}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=130,tutor-end=131}{|} 因为 x[6,3]\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=6}{\in }\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{]},所以 x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{|} 的取值范围是 [0,6]\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{]}。 (最小值在 x=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0} 处取得,此时 P\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{P} 为原点,距离为0;最大值在 x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{|} 最大处取得,即 x=6\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{6} 时,x=6\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{6})。 所以,d\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{d} 的最小值为 53×0=0\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{5}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{3}} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=19}{\times }\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{0} \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{0}d\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{d} 的最大值为 53×6=10\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{5}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{3}} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=19}{\times }\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{6} \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{0}。 因此,距离的取值范围是 [0,10]\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{]}

[0,10]\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{]}
11

一、选择题 · 三角函数

函数 f(x)=cos2x+2sinx\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=} \cos \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{2} \sin \htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{x} 的最小值和最大值分别为 ( )

答案:3,32\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{3}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}}

题目标签:三角函数复合式的最值

解题过程

换元法求二次函数在闭区间上的最值

将三角函数问题转化为代数二次函数最值问题

(1)
统一变量并确定新变量范围

利用二倍角公式将 cos2x\cos \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{x} 转化为 sinx\sin \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{x} 的表达式,从而将函数变为关于 sinx\sin \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{x} 的二次函数。

详细展开: 已知 f(x)=cos2x+2sinx\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=} \cos \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{2} \sin \htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{x}。 由二倍角公式 cos2x=12sin2x\cos \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}\sin^{\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{x}。 代入得: f(x)=12sin2x+2sinx\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}\sin^{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{2} \sin \htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{x}t=sinx\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{t} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \sin \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{x}。因为 xR\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=6}{\in }\mathbb{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{R}},所以 t[1,1]\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{t} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=6}{\in }\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{]}。 原函数转化为关于 t\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{t} 的二次函数: g(t)=2t2+2t+1,t[1,1]\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{g}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{t}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{t} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{,} \quad \htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{t} \htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=37}{\in }\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{]}

g(t)=2t2+2t+1,t[1,1]\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{g}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{t}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{t} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{,} \quad \htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{t} \htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=37}{\in }\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{]}
(2)
求二次函数在闭区间上的最值

分析二次函数 g(t)=2t2+2t+1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{g}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{t}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{t} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{1} 在区间 [1,1]\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{]} 上的图像性质。

详细展开: 二次项系数 2<0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{2} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{0},开口向下。 对称轴 t=b2a=22(2)=12\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{t} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{-}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{b}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{a}} \htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{-}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{2}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{)}} \htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=48,tutor-end=49}{2}}。 因为对称轴 t=12\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{t} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}} 在区间 [1,1]\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{]} 内,所以最大值在顶点处取得。 gmax=g(12)=2(12)2+2(12)+1=2(14)+1+1=12+2=32\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{g}_{\max} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{g}\left(\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{2}}\right) \htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{2}\left(\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=53,tutor-end=54}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=56,tutor-end=57}{2}}\right)^{\htmlData{tutor-start=67,tutor-end=68}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=70,tutor-end=71}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=72,tutor-end=73}{2}\left(\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=85,tutor-end=86}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=88,tutor-end=89}{2}}\right) \htmlData{tutor-start=98,tutor-end=99}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=100,tutor-end=101}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=102,tutor-end=103}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=104,tutor-end=105}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=105,tutor-end=106}{2}\left(\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=118,tutor-end=119}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=121,tutor-end=122}{4}}\right) \htmlData{tutor-start=131,tutor-end=132}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=133,tutor-end=134}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=135,tutor-end=136}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=137,tutor-end=138}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=139,tutor-end=140}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=141,tutor-end=142}{-}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=148,tutor-end=149}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=151,tutor-end=152}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=154,tutor-end=155}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=156,tutor-end=157}{2} \htmlData{tutor-start=158,tutor-end=159}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=166,tutor-end=167}{3}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=169,tutor-end=170}{2}} 最小值在离对称轴最远的端点处取得。 比较端点 t=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{t} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1}t=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{t} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1} 到对称轴 0.5\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{5} 的距离: 10.5=1.5\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{|} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{5} 10.5=0.5\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{|} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{5} 显然 t=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{t} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1} 离对称轴更远,故最小值在 t=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{t} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1} 处取得。 gmin=g(1)=2(1)2+2(1)+1=22+1=3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{g}_{\min} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{g}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{2} \htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=50}{2} \htmlData{tutor-start=51,tutor-end=52}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=53,tutor-end=54}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=55,tutor-end=56}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=57,tutor-end=58}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=58,tutor-end=59}{3} (也可以计算 g(1)=2+2+1=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{g}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{1},比较得 3<1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{3} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1})。 所以,最小值为 3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{3},最大值为 32\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{3}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}

Min: 3,Max: 32\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{i}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{:} } \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{,} \quad \text{\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{:} } \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{3}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{2}}
12

一、选择题 · 立体几何

已知平面 α\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=7}{\alpha }\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=12}{\perp} 平面 β\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=5}{\beta}, αβ=l\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=7}{\alpha }\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=12}{\cap }\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=18}{\beta }\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{l}, 点 Aα\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=6}{\in }\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=12}{\alpha}, Al\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A} \notin \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{l}, 直线 AB//l\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{/} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{l}, 直线 ACl\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=9}{\perp }\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{l}, 直线 m//α\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{m} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{/} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=11}{\alpha}, m//β\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{m} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{/} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=10}{\beta}, 则下列四种位置关系中, 不一定成立的是 ( )

答案:ABm\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=9}{\perp }\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{m}

题目标签:空间几何体中的位置关系

解题过程

分析线面位置关系

判断直线 AB, AC, m 与平面及彼此之间的位置关系,找出不一定成立的选项

(1)
构建几何模型与分析已知条件

根据题意画出或想象空间图形,梳理各元素的位置关系。

详细展开: 1. 平面 α\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=7}{\alpha }\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=12}{\perp} 平面 β\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=5}{\beta},交线为 l\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{l}。 2. Aα,Al\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=6}{\in }\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=12}{\alpha}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{A} \notin \htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{l}。 3. AB//l\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{/} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{l}。因为 Aα\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=6}{\in }\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=12}{\alpha}lα\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{l} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=10}{\subset }\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=16}{\alpha},所以 ABα\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=11}{\subset }\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=17}{\alpha}(直线在平面内)。 4. ACl\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=9}{\perp }\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{l}。因为 Aα,lα\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=6}{\in }\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=12}{\alpha}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{l} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=24}{\subset }\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=30}{\alpha},且 ACl\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=9}{\perp }\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{l},若 C\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C} 也在 α\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=6}{\alpha} 内,则 AC\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C}α\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=6}{\alpha} 内垂直于 l\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{l} 的直线。题目未明确 C\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C} 的位置,但通常语境下 AC\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C} 指过 A\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A} 且垂直于 l\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{l} 的直线。结合面面垂直性质,若 ACα\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=11}{\subset }\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=17}{\alpha}ACl\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=9}{\perp }\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{l},则 ACβ\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=9}{\perp }\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=14}{\beta}。 5. 直线 m//α\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{m} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{/} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=11}{\alpha}m//β\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{m} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{/} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=10}{\beta}。根据线面平行的性质,若一条直线平行于两个相交平面,则该直线平行于这两个平面的交线。即 m//l\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{m} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{/} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{l}

m//l\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{m} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{/} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{l}
(2)
逐项分析位置关系

基于推导出的 m//l\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{m} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{/} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{l}AB//l\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{/} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{l}ACl\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=9}{\perp }\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{l}(假设 ACα\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=11}{\subset }\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=17}{\alpha})来判断选项。

详细展开: 由上可知: - m//l\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{m} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{/} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{l} - AB//l    AB//m\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{/} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{l} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=23}{\implies AB // }\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{m} (平行具有传递性) - ACl\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=9}{\perp }\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{l}m//l    ACmm // l \implies AC \perp m (异面垂直或相交垂直)

让我们重新审视题目可能的选项设置(典型真题选项): A. AB//m\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{/} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{m} B. ACm\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=9}{\perp }\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{m} C. AB//β\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{/} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=11}{\beta} D. ACβ\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=9}{\perp }\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=14}{\beta}

分析: A. AB//l,m//l    AB//mAB // l, m // l \implies AB // m。成立。 B. ACl,m//l    ACm\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=9}{\perp }\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{l}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{m} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{/} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{l} \implies \htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{C} \htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=37}{\perp }\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{m}。成立。(无论 AC\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C} 是否在 α\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=6}{\alpha} 内,只要 ACl\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=9}{\perp }\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{l},且 m//l\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{l},则 AC\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C}m\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{m} 所成角为 90 度)。 C. AB//l,lβ,AB⊄β    AB//βAB // l, l \subset \beta, AB \not\subset \beta \implies AB // \beta。成立。 D. ACl\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=9}{\perp }\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{l}。要使 ACβ\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=9}{\perp }\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=14}{\beta},必须 ACα\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=11}{\subset }\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=17}{\alpha}ACl\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=9}{\perp }\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{l}。题目只说“直线 ACl\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=9}{\perp }\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{l}”,并没有说 Cα\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=6}{\in }\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=12}{\alpha} 或者 ACα\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=11}{\subset }\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=17}{\alpha}。如果 AC\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C} 是空间中任意一条过 A\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A} 且垂直于 l\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{l} 的直线,它不一定在平面 α\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=6}{\alpha} 内,因此不一定垂直于平面 β\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=5}{\beta}。只有当 ACα\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=11}{\subset }\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=17}{\alpha} 时,由面面垂直性质定理,才有 ACβ\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=9}{\perp }\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=14}{\beta}。题目未限定 AC\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C}α\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=6}{\alpha} 内,故 D 不一定成立。

另一种常见的选项是问 ABm\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=9}{\perp }\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{m}? 既然 AB//m\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{/} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{m},除非 AB\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B} 是点(不可能),否则 AB\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B} 不垂直于 m\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{m}。如果选项中有 ABm\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=9}{\perp }\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{m},那这个肯定不成立(即“不一定成立”甚至“一定不成立”)。

回顾原题(2008宁夏/海南卷文12): 选项通常为: A. AB//m\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{/} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{m} B. ACm\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=9}{\perp }\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{m} C. AB//β\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{/} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=11}{\beta} D. ACβ\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=9}{\perp }\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=14}{\beta}

在此经典题型中,D 是不一定成立的,因为 AC\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C} 未必在平面 α\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=6}{\alpha} 内。如果 AC\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C} 不在 α\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=6}{\alpha} 内,它就不一定垂直于 β\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=5}{\beta}

但是,还有一种变体,如果题目隐含 AC\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C} 是平面 α\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=6}{\alpha} 内的直线(通常“直线 ACl\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=9}{\perp }\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{l}”在立体几何题中若未特殊说明空间斜线,往往结合点 A\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A} 在面上暗示面内垂线,但严谨来说不一定)。

让我们再看一种可能:题目问的是“不一定成立”。 如果选项是: A. AB//m\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{/} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{m} (真) B. ACm\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=9}{\perp }\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{m} (真,因为 ACl,l//m\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=9}{\perp }\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{l}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{l}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{m}) C. AB//β\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{/} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=11}{\beta} (真,因为 AB//l,lβ\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{l}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{l} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=17}{\subset }\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=22}{\beta}) D. ACβ\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=9}{\perp }\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=14}{\beta} (不一定,需 ACα\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=11}{\subset }\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=17}{\alpha})

所以答案选 D。

*自我修正*:用户提供的题目没有给出选项。我需要给出“不一定成立”的那个关系。根据经典真题,这个关系通常是 ACβ\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=9}{\perp }\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=14}{\beta} 或者类似的强结论。但如果这是一道判断题,我会指出 ACβ\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=9}{\perp }\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=14}{\beta} 是不一定成立的。如果选项里有 ABm\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=9}{\perp }\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{m},那是“一定不成立”。题目问“不一定成立”,通常指“有时成立有时不成立”或“缺乏条件无法推导”。

综上,最典型的“不一定成立”的结论是 ACβ\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=9}{\perp }\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=14}{\beta}

ACβ 不一定成立\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=9}{\perp }\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=15}{\beta }\text{ \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{不}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{一}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{定}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{成}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{立}}
13

二、填空题 · 代数

已知 {an}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=2}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{n}}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=9}{\}} 为等差数列, a3+a8=22\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{3}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{8}} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{2}, a6=7\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{6}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{7}, 则 a5=\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{5}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} ______.

答案:15\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{5}

题目标签:等差数列项的求解

解题过程

利用等差数列性质求特定项

根据已知条件 a3+a8=22\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{3}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{8}} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{2}a6=7\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{6}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{7},计算 a5\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{5}} 的值。

(1)
分析下标关系并应用等差中项性质

观察已知等式 a3+a8=22\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{3}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{8}} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{2} 中两项的下标之和,寻找其与待求项 a5\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{5}} 或已知项 a6\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{6}} 之间的内在联系。在等差数列中,若下标 m+n=p+q\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{p}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{q},则 am+an=ap+aq\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{m}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{n}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{p}}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{q}}。这是解决此类问题最快捷的切入点,避免了繁琐的通项公式展开。

详细展开: 首先检查下标:已知项的下标为 3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{3}8\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{8},其和为 3+8=11\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{8}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1}。 我们要利用这个和来关联其他项。常见的关联对象是中间项或对称项。 注意到 5+6=11\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1},这意味着 a3+a8=a5+a6\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{3}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{8}} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{5}} \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{6}}。 这一性质源于等差数列通项公式 an=a1+(n1)d\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{n}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{d} 的线性结构: a3+a8=(a1+2d)+(a1+7d)=2a1+9d\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{3}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{8}} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{d}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{7}\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{d}\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=50,tutor-end=51}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=53,tutor-end=54}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=55,tutor-end=56}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=56,tutor-end=57}{d} a5+a6=(a1+4d)+(a1+5d)=2a1+9d\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{5}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{6}} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{d}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{d}\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=50,tutor-end=51}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=53,tutor-end=54}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=55,tutor-end=56}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=56,tutor-end=57}{d} 两者相等。因此,我们可以直接建立方程 a5+a6=22\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{5}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{6}} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{2}

a3+a8=a5+a6\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{3}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{8}} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{5}} \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{6}}
(2)
代入已知数值求解目标项

基于上一步建立的等量关系 a5+a6=a3+a8\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{5}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{6}} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{3}} \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{8}},将题目给出的具体数值代入,即可直接解出 a5\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{5}}。这一步是纯粹的代数运算,需确保符号和数值准确。

详细展开: 由步骤1可知: a5+a6=22\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{5}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{6}} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{2} 题目已知 a6=7\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{6}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{7}。 将 a6=7\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{6}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{7} 代入上述方程: a5+7=22\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{5}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{7} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2} 移项得: a5=227\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{5}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{7} a5=15\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{5}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{5}

为了确保结果无误,我们可以反向验证一下公差 d\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{d}。 若 a5=15,a6=7\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{5}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{6}}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{7},则 d=a6a5=715=8\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{d} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{6}} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{5}} \htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{7} \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{5} \htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{8}。 此时 a3=a52d=152(8)=15+16=31\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{3}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{5}} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{d} \htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{5} \htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{8}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{5} \htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{6} \htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{1}a8=a6+2d=7+2(8)=716=9\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{8}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{6}} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{d} \htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{7} \htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{8}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{7} \htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{6} \htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{9}。(注意:此处应为 a8=a6+(86)d=7+2(8)=9\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{8}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{6}} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{8}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{d} \htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{7} \htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{8}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{9}) 检查 a3+a8=31+(9)=22\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{3}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{8}} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{2}。符合题意。 故计算正确。

a5=227=15\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{5}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{7} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{5}
14

二、填空题 · 组合数学

一个六棱柱的底面是正六边形, 其侧棱垂直底面. 已知该六棱柱的顶点都在同一个球面上, 且该六棱柱的高为 3\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{3}}, 底面周长为 3, 则这个球的体积为 ______.

答案:4π3\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=10}{\pi}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{3}}

题目标签:正六棱柱外接球体积

解题过程

求球的体积

确定外接球半径并计算体积

(1)
确定底面外接圆半径

根据正六棱柱底面周长求出边长,进而得到底面正六边形的外接圆半径。

详细展开: 设正六棱柱底面边长为 a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a},高为 h\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{h}。 已知底面周长为 3,正六边形有 6 条边,故: 6a=3    a=126a = 3 \implies a = \frac{1}{2} 正六边形可以分割为 6 个全等的正三角形,其中心到顶点的距离(即底面外接圆半径 r\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{r})等于边长。 所以: r=a=12\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{r} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{2}}

r=12\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{r} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}}
(2)
计算外接球半径及体积

利用棱柱的高和底面外接圆半径,通过勾股定理求外接球半径,最后计算球体积。

详细展开: 设外接球半径为 R\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{R}。对于直棱柱,球心位于上下底面中心连线的中点。 根据几何关系,球半径 R\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{R}、底面外接圆半径 r\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{r} 和棱柱高的一半 h2\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{h}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}} 构成直角三角形: R2=r2+(h2)2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{R}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{r}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{+} \left(\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{h}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{2}}\right)^{\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{2}} 已知 h=3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{h} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{3}},则 h2=32\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{h}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{=} \frac{\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{3}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{2}}。 代入 r=12\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{r} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}}R2=(12)2+(32)2=14+34=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{R}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \left(\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{2}}\right)^{\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{+} \left(\frac{\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=57,tutor-end=58}{3}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=61,tutor-end=62}{2}}\right)^{\htmlData{tutor-start=72,tutor-end=73}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=75,tutor-end=76}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=83,tutor-end=84}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=86,tutor-end=87}{4}} \htmlData{tutor-start=89,tutor-end=90}{+} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=97,tutor-end=98}{3}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=100,tutor-end=101}{4}} \htmlData{tutor-start=103,tutor-end=104}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=105,tutor-end=106}{1} 所以 R=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{R} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}。 球的体积公式为 V=43πR3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{V} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{4}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=19}{\pi }\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{R}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{3}}V=43π(1)3=4π3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{V} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{4}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=19}{\pi }\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{3}} \htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=39}{\pi}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{3}}

V=4π3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{V} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=14}{\pi}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{3}}
15

二、填空题 · 平面几何

过椭圆 x25+y24=1\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{5}} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{+} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{y}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{2}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{4}} \htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{1} 的右焦点作一条斜率为 2 的直线与椭圆交于 A,B\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{B} 两点, O\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O} 为坐标原点, 则 OAB\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=10}{\triangle }\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{B} 的面积为 ______.

答案:53\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{5}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{3}}

题目标签:椭圆焦点三角形面积

解题过程

OAB\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=10}{\triangle }\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{B} 的面积

联立直线与椭圆方程,利用弦长公式或坐标差求面积

(1)
确定直线方程与焦点坐标

根据椭圆方程求出右焦点坐标,写出过该焦点且斜率为 2 的直线方程。

详细展开: 椭圆方程为 x25+y24=1\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{5}} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{+} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{y}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{2}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{4}} \htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{1}。 其中 a2=5,b2=4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{4},则 c2=a2b2=54=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{c}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{5} \htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{4} \htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{1},所以 c=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{c}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}。 右焦点 F\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{F} 的坐标为 (1,0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}。 直线过点 (1,0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)} 且斜率 k=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2},故直线方程为: y0=2(x1)    y=2x2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{)} \implies \htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{2} 或者写成 x=y+22\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{2}} 以便后续代入消元(视计算习惯而定,通常消 y\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} 更直观,但此处消 x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} 可能避免分数,不过标准做法通常联立消 y\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y})。 让我们采用常规联立消 y\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} 的方法: 将 y=2x2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2} 代入椭圆方程。

y=2x2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}
(2)
联立方程求解交点坐标特征

联立直线与椭圆方程,利用韦达定理求出交点横坐标之和与积,进而求出纵坐标之差或直接求面积。

详细展开: 将 y=2x2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2} 代入 x25+y24=1\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{5}} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{+} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{y}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{2}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{4}} \htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{1}4x2+5(2x2)2=20\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{0} 4x2+5(4x28x+4)=20\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{8}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{0} 4x2+20x240x+20=20\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{0} \htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{0} 24x240x=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{0} 8x(3x5)=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{8}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{0} 解得 x1=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{0}, x2=53\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{5}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{3}}。 对应的 y\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} 值为: 当 x1=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{0} 时,y1=2(0)2=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{2} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{2},即点 A(0,2)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{)}。 当 x2=53\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{5}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{3}} 时,y2=2(53)2=10363=43\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{(}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{5}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{2} \htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{0}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{3}} \htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{-} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=50,tutor-end=51}{6}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=53,tutor-end=54}{3}} \htmlData{tutor-start=56,tutor-end=57}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=64,tutor-end=65}{4}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=67,tutor-end=68}{3}},即点 B(53,43)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{5}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{,} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{4}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{)}。 注意:这里直接解出了具体坐标,因为方程常数项抵消了,非常特殊。一般情况下需用韦达定理。

计算 OAB\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=10}{\triangle }\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{B} 的面积: 方法一:行列式/向量叉乘公式 S=12x1y2x2y1=1204353(2)=12103=53\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{S} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{y}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{y}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{|} \htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=52,tutor-end=53}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=55,tutor-end=56}{2}} \left| \htmlData{tutor-start=65,tutor-end=66}{0} \htmlData{tutor-start=67,tutor-end=73}{\cdot }\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=79,tutor-end=80}{4}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=82,tutor-end=83}{3}} \htmlData{tutor-start=85,tutor-end=86}{-} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=93,tutor-end=94}{5}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=96,tutor-end=97}{3}} \htmlData{tutor-start=99,tutor-end=105}{\cdot }\htmlData{tutor-start=105,tutor-end=106}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=106,tutor-end=107}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=107,tutor-end=108}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=108,tutor-end=109}{)} \right| \htmlData{tutor-start=118,tutor-end=119}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=126,tutor-end=127}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=129,tutor-end=130}{2}} \left| \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=145,tutor-end=146}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=146,tutor-end=147}{0}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=149,tutor-end=150}{3}} \right| \htmlData{tutor-start=160,tutor-end=161}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=168,tutor-end=169}{5}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=171,tutor-end=172}{3}}

方法二:底乘高 直线 AB\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B} 过焦点 F(1,0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{F}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}。可以将 OAB\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=10}{\triangle }\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{B} 分割为 OAF\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=10}{\triangle }\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{F}OBF\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=10}{\triangle }\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{F}(以 OF\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{F} 为底)。 SOAB=SOAF+SOBF\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{S}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=13}{\triangle }\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{B}} \htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{S}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=33}{\triangle }\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{F}} \htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{S}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=53}{\triangle }\htmlData{tutor-start=53,tutor-end=54}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=54,tutor-end=55}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=55,tutor-end=56}{F}} (注意 A,B\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{B}x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} 轴两侧,y\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} 坐标异号,高度相加) 底边 OF\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{F} 长度为 c=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{c}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}。 高分别为 yA\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{y}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{A}}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{|}yB\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{y}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{B}}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{|}S=12OF(yA+yB)=121(2+43)=12(2+43)=12103=53\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{S} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=22}{\cdot }\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{F}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{|} \htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=33}{\cdot }\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{y}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{A}}\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{|} \htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{y}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=48,tutor-end=49}{B}}\htmlData{tutor-start=50,tutor-end=51}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=51,tutor-end=52}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=53,tutor-end=54}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=61,tutor-end=62}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=64,tutor-end=65}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=67,tutor-end=73}{\cdot }\htmlData{tutor-start=73,tutor-end=74}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=75,tutor-end=81}{\cdot }\htmlData{tutor-start=81,tutor-end=82}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=82,tutor-end=83}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=83,tutor-end=84}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=84,tutor-end=85}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=85,tutor-end=86}{|} \htmlData{tutor-start=87,tutor-end=88}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=89,tutor-end=90}{|}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=96,tutor-end=97}{4}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=99,tutor-end=100}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=101,tutor-end=102}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=102,tutor-end=103}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=104,tutor-end=105}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=112,tutor-end=113}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=115,tutor-end=116}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=118,tutor-end=119}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=119,tutor-end=120}{2} \htmlData{tutor-start=121,tutor-end=122}{+} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=129,tutor-end=130}{4}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=132,tutor-end=133}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=134,tutor-end=135}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=136,tutor-end=137}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=144,tutor-end=145}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=147,tutor-end=148}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=150,tutor-end=156}{\cdot }\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=162,tutor-end=163}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=163,tutor-end=164}{0}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=166,tutor-end=167}{3}} \htmlData{tutor-start=169,tutor-end=170}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=177,tutor-end=178}{5}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=180,tutor-end=181}{3}}

S=53\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{S} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{5}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{3}}
16

二、填空题 · 统计

从甲、乙两品种的棉花中各抽测了 25 根棉花的纤维长度 (单位: mm), 结果如下: 甲品种: 271 273 280 285 285 287 292 294 295 301 303 303 307 308 310 314 319 323 325 325 328 331 334 337 352 乙品种: 284 292 295 304 306 307 312 313 315 315 316 318 318 320 322 322 324 327 329 331 333 336 337 343 356 由以上数据设计了如下茎叶图 根据以上茎叶图, 对甲、乙两品种棉花的纤维长度作比较, 写出两个统计结论: ① ____________________; ② ____________________.

原卷整页及图示 1
原卷整页及图示 1原卷第 1 页 · full_page_fallback · 需复核

答案:① 乙品种棉花的纤维平均长度大于甲品种;② 乙品种棉花的纤维长度分布比甲品种更集中(或甲品种分散程度大)。

题目标签:茎叶图统计分析

解题过程

根据茎叶图写出统计结论

从数据的集中趋势和离散程度两个维度进行比较

(1)
分析集中趋势(平均值/中位数)

观察茎叶图中数据的分布重心,比较甲、乙两品种的平均水平或中位数。

详细展开: 观察茎叶图: 甲品种数据主要分布在 270-330 之间,且在 270-290 段有不少数据,300 以上也有分布,整体较为分散。 乙品种数据主要集中在 300-330 之间,280-290 较少,340 以上有一个极端值。 直观上看,乙品种的数据重心(平均值)明显高于甲品种。 具体估算: 甲的中位数是第 13 个数,即 307。 乙的中位数是第 13 个数,即 318。 因为 318>307\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{8} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{>} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{7},所以乙品种的平均纤维长度(或中位数)大于甲品种。

MedianYi=318>MedianJia=307\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{e}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{d}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{i}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{n}}_{\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{Y}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{i}}} \htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{8} \htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{>} \text{\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{e}\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{d}\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{i}\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{n}}_{\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=55,tutor-end=56}{J}\htmlData{tutor-start=56,tutor-end=57}{i}\htmlData{tutor-start=57,tutor-end=58}{a}}} \htmlData{tutor-start=61,tutor-end=62}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=63,tutor-end=64}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=64,tutor-end=65}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=65,tutor-end=66}{7}
(2)
分析离散程度(方差/稳定性)

观察数据的 spread(展开范围)和密集程度,判断哪组数据更稳定。

详细展开: 甲品种数据从 271 到 352,跨度较大,且在各个茎(27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 35)上都有分布,显得比较稀疏和分散。 乙品种数据从 284 到 356,虽然最大值略大,但大部分数据紧密集中在 310-330 之间(茎 31, 32, 33 叶片非常密集)。 因此,乙品种的纤维长度波动较小,更整齐/稳定;甲品种波动较大,离散程度高。

SJia2>SYi2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{S}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}_{\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{J}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{i}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{a}}} \htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{>} \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{S}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{2}}_{\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{Y}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{i}}}
17

三、解答题 · 平面几何

如图, ACD\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=10}{\triangle }\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{D} 是等边三角形, ABC\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=10}{\triangle }\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{C} 是等腰直角三角形, ACB=90\angle ACB = 90^\circ, BD\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{D}AC\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C}E\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{E}, AB=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{2}. (1) 求 cosCBE\cos \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=12}{\angle }\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{E} 的值; (2) 求 AE\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{E}.

原卷图示 1
原卷图示 1原卷第 1 页 · qwen3.7-plus_layout_detection · 需复核

答案:(√6+√2)/4;√6-√2

题目标签:特殊三角形中的角与线段

解题过程

(1)求角的余弦

用坐标把两种特殊三角形统一起来

(1)
建立直角坐标

利用等腰直角三角形的斜边先求两条直角边。

详细展开:由 AB=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}AC=BC\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{C}ACB=90\angle ACB=90^\circ,得 AC=BC=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}}。取 C=(0,0),A=(2,0),B=(0,2)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{(}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{-}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{)};等边三角形在 AC 的另一侧,故 D=(2/2,6/2)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{,}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{6}}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{)}

AC=BC=2,C=(0,0), A=(2,0), B=(0,2), D=(22,62)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{,}\quad \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=31}{\ }\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{(}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=48}{\ }\htmlData{tutor-start=48,tutor-end=49}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=50}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=50,tutor-end=51}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=51,tutor-end=52}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=52,tutor-end=53}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=53,tutor-end=54}{-}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=60,tutor-end=61}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=62,tutor-end=63}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=63,tutor-end=64}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=64,tutor-end=66}{\ }\htmlData{tutor-start=66,tutor-end=67}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=67,tutor-end=68}{=}\left(\frac{\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=86,tutor-end=87}{2}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=90,tutor-end=91}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=92,tutor-end=93}{,}\frac{\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=105,tutor-end=106}{6}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=109,tutor-end=110}{2}}\right)
(2)
计算向量夹角

点 E 在直线 BD 上,所以射线 BE 与 BD 同向。

详细展开:有 BC=(0,2)\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{C}}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{,}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{)}BD=(2/2,6/2+2)\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{D}}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{(}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{,}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{6}}\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{+}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=50}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=51,tutor-end=52}{)},且 BD=3+1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{=}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{1}。代入夹角公式并化简,得到 cosCBE=(6+2)/4\cos\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=11}{\angle }\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{E}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{(}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{6}}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{+}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{4}

cosCBE=BCBDBCBD=6+24\cos\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=11}{\angle }\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{E}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{=}\frac{\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{C}}\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=45}{\cdot}\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=61,tutor-end=62}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=62,tutor-end=63}{D}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=66,tutor-end=67}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=67,tutor-end=68}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=68,tutor-end=69}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=69,tutor-end=70}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=70,tutor-end=71}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=71,tutor-end=72}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=72,tutor-end=73}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=73,tutor-end=74}{|}}\htmlData{tutor-start=75,tutor-end=76}{=}\boxed{\frac{\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=95,tutor-end=96}{6}}\htmlData{tutor-start=97,tutor-end=98}{+}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=104,tutor-end=105}{2}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=108,tutor-end=109}{4}}}

(2)求线段 AE

求直线 BD 与 x 轴的交点

(1)
参数化直线 BD

用一参数同时控制交点的横纵坐标。

详细展开:设 E=B+t(DB)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{E}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{)}。由 E 在 AC 即 x 轴上,纵坐标为 0,得到 2+t(6/2+2)=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{-}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{(}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{6}}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{+}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{0},故 t=423\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{3}}

E=B+t(DB),t=26/2+2=423\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{E}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{,}\quad \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{=}\frac{\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{2}}}{\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{6}}\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{+}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=52,tutor-end=53}{2}}}\htmlData{tutor-start=55,tutor-end=56}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=56,tutor-end=57}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=57,tutor-end=58}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=58,tutor-end=59}{2}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=65,tutor-end=66}{3}}
(2)
读取横坐标

交点到 A 的距离就是两个横坐标之差。

详细展开:xE=t2/2=2(23)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{E}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{t}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{=}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{-}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{)},而 xA=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{A}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}}。图中 E 在线段 AC 内,因此 AE=xAxE=62\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{E}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{A}}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{E}}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{=}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{6}}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{-}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{2}}

AE=22(23)=62\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{E}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{-}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{-}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{=}\boxed{\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{6}}\htmlData{tutor-start=48,tutor-end=49}{-}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=55,tutor-end=56}{2}}}
18

三、解答题 · 立体几何

如下的三个图中,上面的是一个长方体截去一个角所得多面体的直观图。它的正视图和侧视图在下面画出(单位:cm)。 (1) 在正视图下面,按照画三视图的要求画出该多面体的俯视图; (2) 按照给出的尺寸,求该多面体的体积; (3) 在所给直观图中连结 BC\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C}',证明:BC平面 EFG\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C}'\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=12}{\parallel}\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{平}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{面} }\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{E}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{F}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{G}

原卷图示 1
原卷图示 1原卷第 1 页 · qwen3.7-plus_layout_detection · 需复核
原卷题面及图示 2
原卷题面及图示 2原卷第 1 页 · question_region_fallback · 需复核

答案:俯视图见解析;284/3 cm³;见证明

题目标签:切角长方体的三视图与线面平行

解题过程

(1)补画俯视图

把正视图和侧视图的切点投影到底面

(1)
确定俯视轮廓

切角只发生在长方体上部,不改变底面的投影范围。

详细展开:俯视外轮廓仍是长 6 cm、宽 4 cm 的矩形;靠被截去顶角的那个矩形顶点,在两条相邻边上各量取 2 cm,得到切面上 F、G 的俯视投影。

俯视外框: 6 cm×4 cm\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{俯}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{视}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{外}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{框}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{:} }\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{6}\text{ \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{c}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{m}}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=30}{\times}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{4}\text{ \htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{c}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{m}}
(2)
补上切割棱

切面 EFG 的上边 FG 在俯视方向可见。

详细展开:连接上述两个 2 cm 分点,画成实线;其余投影边与矩形边界重合。这就是按长对正、宽相等得到的俯视图。

连接两相邻边上的 2 cm 分点,得到线段 FG\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{连}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{接}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{两}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{相}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{邻}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{边}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{上}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{的} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{2} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{c}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{m} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{分}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{点}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{得}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{到}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{线}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{段} }\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{F}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{G}

(2)求多面体体积

用长方体体积减去被截小三棱锥

(1)
识别被截部分

被截去的是以 A\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}' 为直角顶点的三棱锥。

详细展开:由正视图和侧视图的标注可知 AE=AF=AG=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}'\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{E}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{A}'\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{F}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{A}'\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{G}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2} cm,三条棱分别沿长方体的高、长、宽方向,两两垂直。

AE=AF=AG=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}'\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{E}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{A}'\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{F}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{A}'\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{G}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}
(2)
作体积差

原长方体尺寸为 6、4、4,截去部分用三棱锥公式。

详细展开:长方体体积为 644=96\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=6}{\cdot}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=12}{\cdot}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{6};小三棱锥体积为 16222=4/3\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{6}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=16}{\cdot}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=22}{\cdot}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=28}{\cdot}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{3}。所以剩余多面体体积为 964/3=284/3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{8}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{3}

V=6441623=2843 cm3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{V}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=8}{\cdot}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=14}{\cdot}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{-}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{6}}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=32}{\cdot}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{=}\boxed{\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=51,tutor-end=52}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=52,tutor-end=53}{8}\htmlData{tutor-start=53,tutor-end=54}{4}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=56,tutor-end=57}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=58,tutor-end=60}{\ }\mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=68,tutor-end=69}{c}\htmlData{tutor-start=69,tutor-end=70}{m}}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=73,tutor-end=74}{3}}}

(3)证明线面平行

在切面内寻找与 BC' 平行的现成直线

(1)
比较侧面投影

线段 EG 和 BC\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C}' 都位于彼此平行的侧面内。

详细展开:由侧视图,E、G 的高差和前后方向距离都为 2 cm,所以 EG 的方向比为 (2,2)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)};而矩形 BCCB\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{C}'\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{B}' 的长、宽均为 4 cm,对角线 BC\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C}' 的方向比为 (4,4)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}

BC=2EGBCEG\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{C}'}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{2}\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{E}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{G}}\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=57}{\Longrightarrow }\htmlData{tutor-start=57,tutor-end=58}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=58,tutor-end=59}{C}'\htmlData{tutor-start=60,tutor-end=70}{\parallel }\htmlData{tutor-start=70,tutor-end=71}{E}\htmlData{tutor-start=71,tutor-end=72}{G}
(2)
使用线面平行判定

面内平行线已经找到,只需排除 BC' 落在切面内。

详细展开:EG平面 EFG\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{E}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{G}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=9}{\subset}\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{平}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{面} }\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{E}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{F}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{G},而 BC\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C}' 位于长方体右侧面,不在切面 EFG 内。由直线与平面平行的判定定理,BC平面 EFG\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C}'\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=12}{\parallel}\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{平}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{面} }\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{E}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{F}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{G}

EG平面 EFG, BCEGBC平面 EFG\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{E}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{G}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=9}{\subset}\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{平}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{面} }\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{E}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{F}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{G}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=25}{\ }\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{C}'\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=38}{\parallel }\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{E}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{G}\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=55}{\Longrightarrow}\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=62,tutor-end=63}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=63,tutor-end=64}{C}'\htmlData{tutor-start=65,tutor-end=74}{\parallel}\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=80,tutor-end=81}{平}\htmlData{tutor-start=81,tutor-end=82}{面} }\htmlData{tutor-start=84,tutor-end=85}{E}\htmlData{tutor-start=85,tutor-end=86}{F}\htmlData{tutor-start=86,tutor-end=87}{G}}
19

解答题 · 统计与概率

为了了解《中华人民共和国道路交通安全法》在学生中的普及情况,调查部门对某校6名学生进行问卷调查。6人得分情况如下:5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10。把这6名学生的得分看成一个总体。 (1) 求该总体的平均数; (2) 用简单随机抽样方法从这6名学生中抽取2名,他们的得分组成一个样本。求该样本平均数与总体平均数之差的绝对值不超过0.5的概率。

答案:7.5;7/15

题目标签:有限总体抽样概率

解题过程

(1)求总体平均数

直接计算六个得分的算术平均

(1)
求总分

把首尾配对可快速求和。

详细展开:5+10=6+9=7+8=15\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{7}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{8}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{5},三组之和为 45。

i=16xi=45\sum_{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{i}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{1}}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{6}}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{i}}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{5}
(2)
除以总体容量

总体中共有 6 名学生。

详细展开:平均数为 45/6=7.5\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{7}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{5}

xˉ=456=7.5\bar{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{x}}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{=}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{5}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{6}}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{=}\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{7}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{5}}

(2)求样本均值事件概率

把均值条件转化为二人得分和的范围

(1)
建立等可能样本空间

简单随机抽取 2 人对应无序二元组。

详细展开:所有样本共有 (62)=15\binom62=15 个。设两人成绩为 x、y,条件 x+y27.50.5\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{y}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{7}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=22}{\le}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{5} 等价于 14x+y16\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=6}{\le }\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=12}{\le}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{6}

N=(62)=15,14x+y16N=\binom62=15,\quad 14\le x+y\le16
(2)
枚举有利样本

按得分和 14、15、16 分类,不重不漏。

详细展开:和为 14 的有 (5,9),(6,8)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{8}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{)};和为 15 的有 (5,10),(6,9),(7,8)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{7}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{8}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{)};和为 16 的有 (6,10),(7,9)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{7}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{)},共 7 个。

P=715=715P=\frac7{15}=\boxed{\frac7{15}}
20

解答题 · 解析几何

已知 mR\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{m} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=6}{\in }\mathbf{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{R}},直线 l:mx(m2+1)y=4m\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{l}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{:} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{m}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{m} 和圆 C:x2+y28x+4y+16=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{:} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{y}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{8}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{0}。 (1) 求直线 l\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{l} 斜率的取值范围; (2) 直线 l\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{l} 能否将圆 C\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C} 分割成弧长的比值为 12\dfrac{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}} 的两段圆弧?为什么?

答案:[-1/2,1/2];不能

题目标签:含参直线斜率与圆弧分割

解题过程

(1)求斜率范围

把斜率写成参数 m 的有界函数

(1)
写出斜率

m2+1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{m}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1} 恒正,直线始终可化成斜截式。

详细展开:y=mm2+1x4mm2+1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{m}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{m}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{-}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{m}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{m}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{1}},故斜率 k=m/(m2+1)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{m}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{)}

k=mm2+1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{m}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{m}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{1}}
(2)
确定上下界

利用 m2+12m\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{m}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=10}{\ge}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{|},并检查等号能否取得。

详细展开:k1/2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=6}{\le}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{2};当 m=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}m=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1} 时分别取到 1/2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}1/2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2},连续性保证中间值都能取得。

12k12\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{-}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=23}{\le }\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=27}{\le}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{2}}}

(2)判断弧长比

把弧长比转化为圆心到弦的距离

(1)
求目标弦心距

弧长比等于圆心角之比。

详细展开:圆 C 为 (x4)2+(y+2)2=4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{4},半径为 2。若两弧之比为 1:2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{:}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2},较小圆心角为 120120^\circ,对应弦到圆心的距离应为 2cos60=12\cos60^\circ=1

C(4,2), R=2,d目标=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=10}{\ }\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{R}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{,}\quad \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{d}_{\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{目}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{标}}}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{1}
(2)
代入距离公式判定

计算题设直线到圆心的距离并令其等于 1。

详细展开:距离 d=4m+2(m2+1)4mm2+(m2+1)2=2(m2+1)m2+(m2+1)2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{d}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{m}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{|}}{\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{m}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{m}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=48,tutor-end=49}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=51,tutor-end=52}{2}}}}\htmlData{tutor-start=55,tutor-end=56}{=}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=62,tutor-end=63}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=63,tutor-end=64}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=64,tutor-end=65}{m}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=67,tutor-end=68}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=69,tutor-end=70}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=70,tutor-end=71}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=71,tutor-end=72}{)}}{\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=80,tutor-end=81}{m}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=83,tutor-end=84}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=85,tutor-end=86}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=86,tutor-end=87}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=87,tutor-end=88}{m}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=90,tutor-end=91}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=92,tutor-end=93}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=93,tutor-end=94}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=94,tutor-end=95}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=97,tutor-end=98}{2}}}}。若 d=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{d}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1},平方后得 3(m2+1)2=m2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{m}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{m}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{2}},即 3m4+5m2+3=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{m}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{4}}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{m}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{0},无实根。

3m4+5m2+3>0不能\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{m}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{4}}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{m}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{>}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=32}{\Longrightarrow}\boxed{\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{不}\htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{能}}}
21

解答题 · 导数

设函数 f(x)=axbx\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{-}\dfrac{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{b}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{x}},曲线 y=f(x)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)} 在点 (2,f(2))\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{)} 处的切线方程为 7x4y12=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{7}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{0}。 (1) 求 f(x)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)} 的解析式; (2) 证明:曲线 y=f(x)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)} 上任一点处的切线与直线 x=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0} 和直线 y=x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x} 所围成的三角形面积为定值,并求此定值。

答案:f(x)=x-3/x;面积为6

题目标签:切线确定函数与恒面积

解题过程

(1)确定函数解析式

用切点纵坐标和切线斜率组成方程组

(1)
读取切线信息

切线 7x4y12=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{7}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{0} 化为 y=7x/43\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{7}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{3}

详细展开:在 x=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2} 处切点纵坐标为 1/2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2},切线斜率为 7/4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{7}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{4},所以 f(2)=1/2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}f(2)=7/4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}'\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{7}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{4}

f(2)=12,f(2)=74\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{=}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{,}\quad \htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{f}'\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{=}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{7}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{4}}
(2)
解参数方程组

f(x)=a+b/x2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}'\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}},分别代入两个条件。

详细展开:2ab/2=1/2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}a+b/4=7/4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{7}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{4},等价于 4ab=1,4a+b=7\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{7}。解得 a=1,b=3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{3}

f(x)=x3x(x0)\boxed{f(x)=x-\frac{3}{x}}\quad(x\ne0)

(2)证明面积为定值

参数化切点并求切线的两个截点

(1)
写任一点切线

用非零参数 t 表示曲线上任一点。

详细展开:取 P(t,t3/t)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{)}t0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{t}\ne\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}。因 f(t)=1+3/t2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}'\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{t}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}},切线整理为 y=(1+3/t2)x6/t\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{t}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{t}。它与 x=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0} 交于 U=(0,6/t)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{U}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{)}

P: y=(1+3t2)x6t,U=(0,6t)\ell_{P}:\ y=\left(1+\frac3{t^{2}}\right)x-\frac{6}{t},\quad U=\left(0,-\frac{6}{t}\right)
(2)
求另一截点和面积

令切线上的 y=x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x},得到交点 V=(2t,2t)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{V}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{)}

详细展开:两条固定直线交于原点 O,三角形 OUV 的面积为行列式绝对值的一半:1202t(6/t)2t=6\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=18}{\cdot}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=32}{\cdot}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{6},与 t 无关。

SOUV=12det(06/t2t2t)=6S_{\triangle OUV}=\frac{1}{2}\left|\det\begin{pmatrix}0&-6/t\\2t&2t\end{pmatrix}\right|=\boxed6
22

解答题 · 平面几何

如图,过圆 O\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O} 外一点 M\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{M} 作它的一条切线,切点为 A\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A},过 A\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A} 点作直线 AP\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{P} 垂直直线 OM\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{M},垂足为 P\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{P}。 (1) 证明:OMOP=OA2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{M} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=9}{\cdot }\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{A}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}}; (2) N\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{N} 为线段 AP\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{P} 上一点,直线 NB\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{N}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B} 垂直直线 ON\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{N},且交圆 O\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}B\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B} 点。过 B\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B} 点的切线交直线 ON\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{N}K\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{K}。证明:OKM=90\angle OKM=90^\circ

原卷图示 1
原卷图示 1原卷第 2 页 · qwen3.7-plus_layout_detection · 需复核

答案:见证明

题目标签:圆的切线与射影乘积

解题过程

(1)证明射影乘积

以 OM 为横轴把切线垂直条件写成点积

(1)
建立坐标

令圆心为原点、OM 为 x 轴。

详细展开:设圆半径为 R,M=(m,0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{)},切点 A=(p,q)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{p}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{q}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{)},则 p2+q2=R2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{p}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{q}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{R}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{2}}。因 APOM\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=8}{\perp }\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{M},有 P=(p,0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{p}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{)}

O=(0,0), M=(m,0), A=(p,q), P=(p,0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=10}{\ }\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=20}{\ }\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{p}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{q}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=30}{\ }\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{p}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{)}
(2)
使用半径垂直切线

OAAM\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=8}{\perp }\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{M},所以两方向向量点积为 0。

详细展开:(p,q)(mp,q)=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{p}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{q}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=10}{\cdot}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{p}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{q}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{0},即 pm=p2+q2=R2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{p}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{p}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{q}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{R}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{2}}。而 OM=m,OP=p,OA=R\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{p}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{R},故命题成立。

OMOP=mp=R2=OA2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=8}{\cdot }\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{p}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{R}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{=}\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{A}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{2}}}

(2)证明直角

把 N、K 写在同一条射线上并利用两次垂直

(1)
由 NB 垂直 ON 定位 B

设 N 在竖直线 AP 上,并用点积表达垂直。

详细展开:写 N=(p,n)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{N}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{p}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{)}B=(x,y)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{)}。由 (BN)ON\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{N}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=11}{\perp }\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{N}(BN)N=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{N}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=11}{\cdot }\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{N}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{0},即 BN=N2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=7}{\cdot }\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{N}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{N}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{|}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}}。又 K 在 ON 上,可设 K=λN\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{K}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=10}{\lambda }\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{N}

BN=N2,K=λN\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=7}{\cdot }\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{N}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{N}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{|}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{,}\quad \htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{K}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=33}{\lambda }\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{N}
(2)
利用 B 点切线

圆在 B 处的切线方程可写成 BX=R2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=7}{\cdot }\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{X}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{R}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}}

详细展开:代入 X=K=λN\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{X}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{K}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=12}{\lambda }\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{N},并用 BN=N2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=7}{\cdot }\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{N}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{N}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{|}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}},得 λN2=R2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=7}{\lambda}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{N}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{|}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{R}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{2}}。于是 KM=λpm=λR2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{K}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=7}{\cdot }\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=17}{\lambda }\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{p}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=28}{\lambda }\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{R}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{2}},而 K2=λ2N2=λR2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{K}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{|}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=15}{\lambda}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{N}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{|}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=35}{\lambda }\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{R}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{2}},二者相等,所以 K(MK)=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{K}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=6}{\cdot}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{K}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{0}

K(MK)=0KOKMOKM=90K\cdot(M-K)=0\Longrightarrow KO\perp KM\Longrightarrow\boxed{\angle OKM=90^\circ}
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解答题 · 参数方程

已知曲线 C1:{x=cosθ,y=sinθ,\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{:} \begin{cases} \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{=}\cos\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=33}{\theta}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{,} \\ \htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{=}\sin\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=50}{\theta}\htmlData{tutor-start=50,tutor-end=51}{,} \end{cases} (θ\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=6}{\theta} 为参数),曲线 C2:{x=22t2,y=22t,\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{:} \begin{cases} \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{=}\dfrac{\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{2}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{-}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=50,tutor-end=51}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=52,tutor-end=53}{,} \\ \htmlData{tutor-start=57,tutor-end=58}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=58,tutor-end=59}{=}\dfrac{\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=72,tutor-end=73}{2}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=76,tutor-end=77}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=78,tutor-end=79}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=79,tutor-end=80}{,} \end{cases} (t\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{t} 为参数)。 (1) 指出 C1,C2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}} 各是什么曲线,并说明 C1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}C2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}} 公共点的个数; (2) 若把 C1,C2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}} 上各点的纵坐标都压缩为原来的一半,分别得到曲线 C1,C2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}'\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}}'。写出 C1,C2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}'\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}}' 的参数方程。C1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}'C2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}' 公共点的个数和 C1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}C2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}} 公共点的个数是否相同?说明你的理由。

答案:单位圆与切线,1个交点;压缩后仍为1个

题目标签:参数曲线与纵向压缩

解题过程

(1)识别曲线与交点数

消去参数并用圆心到直线距离判断相切

(1)
化为普通方程

C1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}} 的参数满足平方和为 1;C2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}} 中两式相减可消去 t。

详细展开:C1:x2+y2=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{:}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{y}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{1},是单位圆;C2:y=x+2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{:}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{+}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}},是一条直线。

C1:x2+y2=1,C2:yx2=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{:}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{y}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{,}\qquad \htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{:}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{-}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{0}
(2)
判断相切

比较圆心到直线的距离与半径。

详细展开:原点到 yx2=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{-}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{0} 的距离为 2/2=1\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{/}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{1},恰等于单位圆半径,故直线与圆相切,只有一个公共点。

d(O,C2)=1=R1 个公共点\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{d}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{R}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=29}{\Longrightarrow}\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{1}\text{ \htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{个}\htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{公}\htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{共}\htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{点}}}

(2)纵坐标压缩后的曲线

对参数方程的 y 分量直接乘二分之一

(1)
写新参数方程

横坐标保持不变,纵坐标统一减半。

详细展开:因此 C1:x=cosθ,y=12sinθ\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}'\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{:}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=}\cos\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=19}{\theta}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{=}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{2}}\sin\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=43}{\theta}C2:x=22t2,y=24t\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}'\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{:}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=}\frac{\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{2}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{-}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{=}\frac{\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=52,tutor-end=53}{2}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=56,tutor-end=57}{4}}\htmlData{tutor-start=58,tutor-end=59}{t}

C1:{x=costheta\y=12sintheta,C2:{x=22t2\y=24tC_{1}':\begin{cases}x=\cos\\theta\\\y=\frac{1}{2}\sin\\theta\end{cases},\quad C_{2}':\begin{cases}x=\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}t-\sqrt{2}\\\y=\frac{\sqrt{2}}{4}t\end{cases}
(2)
比较交点数

纵向压缩是平面上的一一映射,不会合并或制造交点。

详细展开:映射 T(x,y)=(x,y/2)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{T}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{)} 可逆,逆映射为 (x,y)(x,2y)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=12}{\mapsto}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{)}。因此原两曲线的公共点与压缩后两曲线的公共点一一对应,交点数仍为 1。也可联立 x2+4y2=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{y}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{1}2y=x+2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{+}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}},所得二次方程判别式为 0。

公共点个数相同,均为 1\boxed{\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{公}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{共}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{点}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{个}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{数}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{相}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{同}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{均}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{为} }\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{1}}