返回特征解读

2008 年高考数学(大纲卷 1文科)

exams_raw/普通高考/2008/2008大纲1文(河北,河南,山西,广西).pdf · HS-MATH-1024-v2.1-solution-aware

2227 个小问/题组
1

一、选择题 · 代数

函数 y=1x+x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{x}} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{+} \sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{x}} 的定义域为 ( ) (A) {xx1}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=2}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=9}{\mid }\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=21}{\leqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=24}{\}} (B) {xx0}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=2}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=9}{\mid }\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=21}{\geqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=24}{\}} (C) {xx1 或 x0}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=2}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=9}{\mid }\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=21}{\geqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{1} \text{ \htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{或} } \htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=46}{\leqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=49}{\}} (D) {x0x1}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=2}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=9}{\mid }\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{0} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=21}{\leqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=33}{\leqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=36}{\}}

答案:(D)

题目标签:求根式函数的定义域

解题过程

确定函数定义域

求出使函数 y=1x+x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{x}} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{+} \sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{x}} 有意义的 x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} 的取值范围

(1)
列出不等式组

根据二次根式的定义,被开方数必须非负。因此需要同时满足两个根号下的表达式大于等于零。

详细展开: 函数由两部分组成:1x\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{x}}x\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{x}}。 对于 1x\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{x}},要求 1x0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=14}{\geqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{0}。 对于 x\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{x}},要求 x0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=12}{\geqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{0}。 这两个条件必须同时成立,构成不等式组。

{1x0x0\begin{cases} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=28}{\geqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{0} \\ \htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=45}{\geqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{0} \end{cases}
(2)
解不等式组并求交集

分别解出两个不等式,然后找出它们的公共部分。

详细展开: 由 1x0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=14}{\geqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{0} 移项得 x1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=12}{\leqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{1}。 由 x0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=12}{\geqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{0} 直接得到下限。 综合两者,x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} 必须满足 0x1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{0} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=12}{\leqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=24}{\leqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{1}。 用集合表示为 {x0x1}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=2}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=9}{\mid }\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{0} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=21}{\leqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=33}{\leqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=36}{\}}。 对比选项,(A) 缺少下界,(B) 缺少上界,(C) 是并集且方向错误,(D) 正确。

0x1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{0} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=12}{\leqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=24}{\leqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{1}
2

一、选择题 · 代数

汽车经过启动、加速行驶、匀速行驶、减速行驶之后停车,若把这一过程中汽车的行驶路程 s\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{s} 看作时间 t\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{t} 的函数,其图象可能是 ( )

原卷图示 1
原卷图示 1原卷第 1 页 · qwen3.7-plus_layout_detection · 需复核
原卷图示 2
原卷图示 2原卷第 1 页 · qwen3.7-plus_layout_detection · 需复核
原卷图示 3
原卷图示 3原卷第 1 页 · qwen3.7-plus_layout_detection · 需复核
原卷图示 4
原卷图示 4原卷第 1 页 · qwen3.7-plus_layout_detection · 需复核

答案:(A)

题目标签:汽车行驶路程与时间的函数图象

解题过程

分析运动过程对应的图象特征

根据汽车的运动状态变化,判断路程 s\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{s} 关于时间 t\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{t} 的函数图象形状

(1)
分析各阶段速度与斜率的关系

路程 s\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{s} 对时间 t\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{t} 的导数(即图象切线的斜率)代表瞬时速度 v\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{v}。我们需要分析四个阶段速度的变化情况。

详细展开: 1. **启动、加速行驶**:速度 v\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{v} 从 0 开始逐渐增大。这意味着 st\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{s}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{t} 图象的斜率 k\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k} 从 0 开始逐渐变大。图象表现为下凸(凹向上)的曲线,越来越陡。 2. **匀速行驶**:速度 v\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{v} 保持恒定且大于 0。这意味着 st\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{s}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{t} 图象的斜率 k\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k} 为正常数。图象表现为一条倾斜向上的直线段。 3. **减速行驶**:速度 v\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{v} 逐渐减小直至为 0。这意味着 st\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{s}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{t} 图象的斜率 k\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k} 逐渐变小直至为 0。图象表现为上凸(凹向下)的曲线,越来越平缓。 4. **停车**:速度 v=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{v}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0},路程 s\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{s} 不再增加。图象末端切线水平。

v=dsdt=ktangent\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{v} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{d}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{s}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{d}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{t}} \htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{k}_{\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{g}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{e}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{t}}}
(2)
匹配图象选项

根据上述分析,寻找符合“缓增变陡 -> 直线上升 -> 陡增变缓”特征的图象。

详细展开: - 第一阶段(加速):曲线切线斜率递增,图象呈“凹”形(开口向上)。 - 第二阶段(匀速):直线段,斜率恒定。 - 第三阶段(减速):曲线切线斜率递减,图象呈“凸”形(开口向下)。 - 全程路程 s\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{s} 单调递增,不会出现下降或水平(除最后停止瞬间外,但题目暗示是一个过程,通常图象画到停止前或刚停止)。

对比常见选项形态(虽然未提供具体图片,但根据标准题型推断): (A) 通常展示为:下凸曲线接直线接上凸曲线。符合。 (B) 若为直线接直线接直线,则不符合加减速的非线性特征。 (C) 若斜率有突变或下降,则错误。 (D) 若全程凸或全程凹,则错误。

注:在标准大纲卷真题中,选项 A 的图象特征正是:先下凸(加速),中间直线(匀速),后上凸(减速)。

s(t) 图象形态: \htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{s}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)} \text{ \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{图}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{象}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{形}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{态}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{:} } \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=25}{\cup }\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=41}{\longrightarrow }\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=50}{\nearrow }\htmlData{tutor-start=50,tutor-end=66}{\longrightarrow }\htmlData{tutor-start=66,tutor-end=70}{\cap}
3

一、选择题 · 代数

(1+x2)5\left(\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{+} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{x}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{2}}\right)^{\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{5}} 的展开式中 x2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}} 的系数为 ( ) (A) 10 (B) 5 (C) 52\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{5}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}} (D) 1

答案:(C)

题目标签:二项式展开式中特定项的系数

解题过程

利用二项式定理求系数

计算 (1+x2)5\left(\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{+} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{x}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{2}}\right)^{\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{5}} 展开式中 x2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}} 项的系数

(1)
写出二项展开式的通项公式

应用二项式定理的通项公式 Tr+1=Cnranrbr\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{T}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{r}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{n}}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{r}} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{r}} \htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{r}}

详细展开: 对于 (a+b)n\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{n}},这里 a=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}, b=x2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{x}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}}, n=5\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{5}。 通项 Tr+1=C5r(1)5r(x2)r\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{T}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{r}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{5}}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{r}} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=26}{\cdot }\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{r}} \htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=42}{\cdot }\left(\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=54,tutor-end=55}{x}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=57,tutor-end=58}{2}}\right)^{\htmlData{tutor-start=68,tutor-end=69}{r}}。 因为 1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1} 的任何次幂都是 1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1},所以简化为: Tr+1=C5r(12)rxr\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{T}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{r}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{5}}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{r}} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=26}{\cdot }\left(\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{2}}\right)^{\htmlData{tutor-start=52,tutor-end=53}{r}} \htmlData{tutor-start=55,tutor-end=61}{\cdot }\htmlData{tutor-start=61,tutor-end=62}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=64,tutor-end=65}{r}}

Tr+1=C5r(12)rxr\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{T}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{r}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{5}}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{r}} \left(\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{2}}\right)^{\htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{r}} \htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=50}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=52,tutor-end=53}{r}}
(2)
确定 r\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{r} 值并计算系数

x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} 的指数等于目标次数 2,解出 r\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{r},代入计算数值。

详细展开: 我们需要 x2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}} 的系数,故令通项中 x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} 的指数 r=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{r} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}。 代入 r=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{r}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2} 到系数部分: 系数 =C52(12)2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{5}}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=18}{\cdot }\left(\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{2}}\right)^{\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{2}}。 计算组合数:C52=5×42×1=10\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{5}}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{5} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=27}{\times }\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{4}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{2} \htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=39}{\times }\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{0}。 计算幂:(12)2=14\left(\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{2}}\right)^{\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{4}}。 相乘:10×14=104=52\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{0} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=10}{\times }\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{4}} \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{0}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{4}} \htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{5}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=48,tutor-end=49}{2}}。 对比选项,(C) 为 52\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{5}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}

C5214=1014=52\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{5}}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=16}{\cdot }\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{4}} \htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{0} \htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=39}{\cdot }\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=48,tutor-end=49}{4}} \htmlData{tutor-start=51,tutor-end=52}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=59,tutor-end=60}{5}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=62,tutor-end=63}{2}}
4

一、选择题 · 微积分初步

曲线 y=x32x+4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{3}} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{4} 在点 (1,3)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)} 处的切线的倾斜角为 ( ) (A) 3030^\circ (B) 4545^\circ (C) 6060^\circ (D) 120120^\circ

答案:(B)

题目标签:曲线切线的倾斜角

解题过程

求切线斜率与倾斜角

计算曲线 y=x32x+4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{3}} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{4} 在点 (1,3)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)} 处的切线斜率,进而求出倾斜角

(1)
求导数并计算切点处的斜率

函数在某点的导数值等于该点处切线的斜率。首先求导,再代入横坐标。

详细展开: 函数 y=x32x+4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{3}} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{4}。 求导:y=(x3)(2x)+(4)=3x22\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}' \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{)}' \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{)}' \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{)}' \htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{2}。 切点为 (1,3)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)},横坐标 x=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}。 将 x=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1} 代入导函数: k=yx=1=3(1)22=32=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{y}'\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{|}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{2} \htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{3} \htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{2} \htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{1}。 所以,切线的斜率 k=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}

y=3x22,k=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}' \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{,} \quad \htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{k} \htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{1}
(2)
由斜率求倾斜角

利用斜率 k\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k} 与倾斜角 α\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=6}{\alpha} 的关系 k=tanα\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \tan \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=15}{\alpha} 求解角度。

详细展开: 设倾斜角为 α\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=6}{\alpha},则 tanα=k=1\tan \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=12}{\alpha }\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{k} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{1}。 倾斜角的取值范围是 [0,180)[0^\circ, 180^\circ)。 在該范围内,正切值为 1 的角是 4545^\circ。 即 α=45\alpha = 45^\circ。 对比选项,(B) 正确。

tanα=1    α=45\tan \alpha = 1 \implies \alpha = 45^\circ
5

一、选择题 · 平面几何

ABC\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=10}{\triangle }\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{C} 中,AB=c\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{B}} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{=} \mathbf{\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{c}}AC=b\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{C}} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{=} \mathbf{\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{b}}。若点 D\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{D} 满足 BD=2DC\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{D}} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{2}\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{C}},则 AD=\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{D}} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{=} ( ) (A) 23b+13c\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{3}}\mathbf{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{b}} \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{+} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{3}}\mathbf{\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{c}} (B) 53c23b\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{5}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{3}}\mathbf{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{c}} \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{-} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{2}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{3}}\mathbf{\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{b}} (C) 23b13c\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{3}}\mathbf{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{b}} \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{-} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{3}}\mathbf{\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{c}} (D) 13b+23c\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{3}}\mathbf{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{b}} \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{+} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{2}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{3}}\mathbf{\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{c}}

答案:(A)

题目标签:向量的线性运算与定比分点

解题过程

用基底向量表示目标向量

AD\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{D}}b\mathbf{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{b}} (AC\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{C}}) 和 c\mathbf{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{c}} (AB\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{B}}) 线性表示

(1)
利用向量加法法则分解 AD\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{D}}

根据向量加法的三角形法则,将 AD\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{D}} 转化为经过已知点 B\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}C\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C} 的路径。

详细展开: 我们知道 AD=AB+BD\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{D}} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{=} \overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{B}} \htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{+} \overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=60,tutor-end=61}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=61,tutor-end=62}{D}}。 题目已知 AB=c\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{B}} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{=} \mathbf{\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{c}}。 关键在于表示 BD\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{D}}。 由条件 BD=2DC\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{D}} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{2}\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{C}},可知 D\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{D} 是线段 BC\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C} 上的点,且 BD:DC=2:1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{:}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{C} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{:}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}。 这意味着 BD\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{D}} 占整个向量 BC\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{C}}22+1=23\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{2}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{3}}。 即 BD=23BC\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{D}} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{2}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{3}}\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=50}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=50,tutor-end=51}{C}}

AD=AB+23BC\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{D}} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{=} \overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{B}} \htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{+} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=50,tutor-end=51}{2}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=53,tutor-end=54}{3}}\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=71,tutor-end=72}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=72,tutor-end=73}{C}}
(2)
代入基底并化简

BC\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{C}}b\mathbf{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{b}}c\mathbf{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{c}} 表示,代入上式整理。

详细展开: 在 ABC\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=10}{\triangle }\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{C} 中,BC=ACAB=bc\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{C}} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{=} \overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{C}} \htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{-} \overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=60,tutor-end=61}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=61,tutor-end=62}{B}} \htmlData{tutor-start=64,tutor-end=65}{=} \mathbf{\htmlData{tutor-start=74,tutor-end=75}{b}} \htmlData{tutor-start=77,tutor-end=78}{-} \mathbf{\htmlData{tutor-start=87,tutor-end=88}{c}}。 代入 AD\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{D}} 的表达式: AD=c+23(bc)\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{D}} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{=} \mathbf{\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{c}} \htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{+} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{2}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{(}\mathbf{\htmlData{tutor-start=55,tutor-end=56}{b}} \htmlData{tutor-start=58,tutor-end=59}{-} \mathbf{\htmlData{tutor-start=68,tutor-end=69}{c}}\htmlData{tutor-start=70,tutor-end=71}{)} 展开括号: AD=c+23b23c\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{D}} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{=} \mathbf{\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{c}} \htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{+} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{2}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{3}}\mathbf{\htmlData{tutor-start=54,tutor-end=55}{b}} \htmlData{tutor-start=57,tutor-end=58}{-} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=65,tutor-end=66}{2}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=68,tutor-end=69}{3}}\mathbf{\htmlData{tutor-start=78,tutor-end=79}{c}} 合并同类项: AD=23b+(123)c\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{D}} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{2}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{3}}\mathbf{\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{b}} \htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{+} \left(\htmlData{tutor-start=52,tutor-end=53}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=54,tutor-end=55}{-} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=62,tutor-end=63}{2}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=65,tutor-end=66}{3}}\right)\mathbf{\htmlData{tutor-start=82,tutor-end=83}{c}} AD=23b+13c\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{D}} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{2}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{3}}\mathbf{\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{b}} \htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{+} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=52,tutor-end=53}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=55,tutor-end=56}{3}}\mathbf{\htmlData{tutor-start=65,tutor-end=66}{c}}。 对比选项,(A) 正确。

AD=23b+13c\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{D}} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{2}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{3}}\mathbf{\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{b}} \htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{+} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=52,tutor-end=53}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=55,tutor-end=56}{3}}\mathbf{\htmlData{tutor-start=65,tutor-end=66}{c}}
6

一、选择题 · 代数

y=(sinxcosx)21\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{(}\sin \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{-} \cos \htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{1} 是 ( ) (A) 最小正周期为 2π\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=4}{\pi} 的偶函数 (B) 最小正周期为 2π\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=4}{\pi} 的奇函数 (C) 最小正周期为 π\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=3}{\pi} 的偶函数 (D) 最小正周期为 π\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=3}{\pi} 的奇函数

答案:(D)

题目标签:三角函数的周期性与奇偶性

解题过程

化简函数解析式并判定性质

化简 y=(sinxcosx)21\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{(}\sin \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{-} \cos \htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{1},判断其最小正周期和奇偶性

(1)
利用三角恒等变换化简函数

展开完全平方项,并利用二倍角公式或同角三角函数关系进行化简。

详细展开: 原函数 y=(sinxcosx)21\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{(}\sin \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{-} \cos \htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{1} 展开平方:(sinxcosx)2=sin2x2sinxcosx+cos2x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\sin \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{-} \cos \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{=} \sin^{\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{2}\sin \htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{x} \cos \htmlData{tutor-start=50,tutor-end=51}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=52,tutor-end=53}{+} \cos^{\htmlData{tutor-start=60,tutor-end=61}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=63,tutor-end=64}{x} 利用 sin2x+cos2x=1\sin^{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{+} \cos^{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{1}2sinxcosx=sin2x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\sin \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{x} \cos \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{=} \sin \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{x}(sinxcosx)2=1sin2x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\sin \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{-} \cos \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{-} \sin \htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{x} 代回原式: y=(1sin2x)1=sin2x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{-} \sin \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{-}\sin \htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{x}。 所以,简化后的函数为 y=sin2x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{-}\sin \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{x}

y=sin2x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{-}\sin \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{x}
(2)
分析周期与奇偶性

基于简化后的函数 y=sin2x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{-}\sin \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{x} 进行性质判定。

详细展开: 1. **周期性**: 函数 y=Asin(ωx+ϕ)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{A}\sin\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=17}{\omega }\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=25}{\phi}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{)} 的最小正周期 T=2πω\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{T} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=14}{\pi}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=23}{\omega}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{|}}。 这里 ω=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=7}{\omega }\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2},所以 T=2π2=π\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{T} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=14}{\pi}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=24}{\pi}

2. **奇偶性**: 设 f(x)=sin2x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{-}\sin \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{x}。 计算 f(x)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}f(x)=sin(2(x))=sin(2x)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{-}\sin\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{-}\sin\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{)}。 因为正弦函数是奇函数,sin(θ)=sinθ\sin\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=12}{\theta}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{-}\sin \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=28}{\theta},所以: f(x)=(sin2x)=sin2x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{-}\sin \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{=} \sin \htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{x}。 而 f(x)=(sin2x)=sin2x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{-}\sin \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{=} \sin \htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{x}。 故 f(x)=f(x)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{)},函数为奇函数。 或者直接看:sin2x\sin \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{x} 是奇函数,前面加负号仍是奇函数。

综上,该函数是最小正周期为 π\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=3}{\pi} 的奇函数。 对比选项,(D) 正确。

T=π,f(x)=f(x)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{T} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=7}{\pi}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{,} \quad \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{)}
7

一、选择题 · 代数

已知等比数列 {an}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=2}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{n}}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=9}{\}} 满足 a1+a2=3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{3}a2+a3=6\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{3}} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{6},则 a7=\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{7}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} ( ) (A) 64 (B) 81 (C) 128 (D) 243

答案:(A)

题目标签:等比数列通项公式的应用

解题过程

求解等比数列的公比与首项

根据已知条件求出公比 q\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{q} 和首项 a1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}},进而计算 a7\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{7}}

(1)
利用方程组求公比 q\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{q}

通过观察已知两式之间的倍数关系,直接求出公比 q\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{q}

详细展开: 设等比数列 \\[a_{n}\\] 的公比为 q\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{q}。 已知: (1) a1+a2=3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{3} (2) a2+a3=6\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{3}} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{6} 将 (2) 式左边提取公因式 q\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{q},得 q(a1+a2)=6\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{q}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{6}。 将 (1) 式代入上式,得 3q=6\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{q} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{6},解得 q=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{q} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}

q=a2+a3a1+a2=63=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{q} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{3}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{2}}} \htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{6}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{3}} \htmlData{tutor-start=50,tutor-end=51}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=52,tutor-end=53}{2}
(2)
求首项 a1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}} 并计算 a7\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{7}}

q\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{q} 代回原方程求 a1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}},再利用通项公式求 a7\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{7}}

详细展开: 由 a1+a2=3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{3}a2=2a1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{1}},得 a1+2a1=3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{3},即 3a1=3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{3},解得 a1=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{1}。 等比数列通项公式为 an=a1qn1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{n}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{q}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{1}}。 所以 a7=1×271=26=64\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{7}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=17}{\times }\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{7}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{6}} \htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{4}

a7=a1q6=126=64\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{7}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{q}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{6}} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=30}{\cdot }\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{6}} \htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{4}
8

一、选择题 · 代数

若函数 y=f(x)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{)} 的图象与函数 y=lnx+1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \ln \sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{x}} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{1} 的图象关于直线 y=x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{x} 对称,则 f(x)=\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=} ( ) (A) e2x2\mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{e}}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{2}} (B) e2x\mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{e}}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{x}} (C) e2x+1\mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{e}}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{1}} (D) e2x+2\mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{e}}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{2}}

答案:(A)

题目标签:反函数解析式的求解

解题过程

求反函数 f(x)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)} 的解析式

根据对称性确定 f(x)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)} 为已知函数的反函数,并求出其表达式

(1)
化简原函数并利用对称性建立方程

首先利用对数性质化简给定函数,然后根据关于直线 y=x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x} 对称的几何意义,明确所求函数即为原函数的反函数。

详细展开: 给定函数为 y=lnx+1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \ln \sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{x}} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{1}。 利用对数运算性质 lnx=ln(x12)=12lnx\ln \sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{x}} \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{=} \ln \htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{x}^{\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{2}}}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=48,tutor-end=49}{2}}\ln \htmlData{tutor-start=54,tutor-end=55}{x},原函数可化简为: y=12lnx+1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}}\ln \htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{1}。 由题意知,函数 y=f(x)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)} 的图象与 y=12lnx+1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}}\ln \htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{1} 的图象关于直线 y=x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x} 对称。在平面直角坐标系中,两个函数图象关于直线 y=x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x} 对称,等价于这两个函数互为反函数。因此,我们需要求 y=12lnx+1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}}\ln \htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{1} 的反函数。

y=12lnx+1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}}\ln \htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{1}
(2)
反解 x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} 并确定最终解析式

通过代数变形从原函数方程中解出 x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x},然后互换 x,y\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{y} 得到反函数解析式,并注意定义域与值域的对应。

详细展开: 由 y=12lnx+1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}}\ln \htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{1},移项得: y1=12lnx\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{2}}\ln \htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{x} 两边同时乘以 2: 2(y1)=lnx\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{=} \ln \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{x} 根据对数定义,将其转化为指数形式: x=e2(y1)=e2y2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{e}}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{)}} \htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{=} \mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{e}}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{2}} 根据反函数的定义,将 x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} 改写为 y\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y},将 y\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} 改写为 x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x},即得到 f(x)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)} 的解析式: f(x)=e2x2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=} \mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{e}}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{2}} 对比选项,(A) 符合。

f(x)=e2x2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=} \mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{e}}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{2}}
9

一、选择题 · 代数

为得到函数 y=cos(x+π3)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \cos\left(\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{+} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=27}{\pi}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{3}}\right) 的图象,只需将函数 y=sinx\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \sin \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{x} 的图象 ( ) (A) 向左平移 π6\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=9}{\pi}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{6}} 个长度单位 (B) 向右平移 π6\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=9}{\pi}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{6}} 个长度单位 (C) 向左平移 5π6\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=10}{\pi}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{6}} 个长度单位 (D) 向右平移 5π6\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=10}{\pi}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{6}} 个长度单位

答案:(C)

题目标签:三角函数图象的平移变换

解题过程

确定平移方向和量

将目标函数化为正弦型,或通过诱导公式统一函数名,比较相位差确定平移量

(1)
统一函数名称

由于起始函数是正弦函数 y=sinx\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\sin \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{x},目标函数是余弦函数 y=cos(x+π3)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\cos\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{+}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=18}{\pi}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{)},为了直接比较平移量,需要利用诱导公式将目标函数转化为正弦形式,或者将起始函数转化为余弦形式。通常将目标转化为正弦更直观,因为平移是针对自变量 x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} 的操作。

详细展开: 目标函数为 y=cos(x+π3)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \cos\left(\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{+} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=27}{\pi}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{3}}\right)。 利用诱导公式 cosα=sin(α+π2)\cos \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=12}{\alpha }\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{=} \sin\left(\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=31}{\alpha }\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{+} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=42}{\pi}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{2}}\right),我们将目标函数变形为: y=sin[(x+π3)+π2]\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \sin\left[\left(\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{+} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=33}{\pi}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{3}}\right) \htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{+} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=53,tutor-end=56}{\pi}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=58,tutor-end=59}{2}}\right] 通分计算括号内的常数项: π3+π2=2π6+3π6=5π6\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=9}{\pi}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{3}} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{+} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=25}{\pi}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=42}{\pi}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{6}} \htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{+} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=55,tutor-end=56}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=56,tutor-end=59}{\pi}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=61,tutor-end=62}{6}} \htmlData{tutor-start=64,tutor-end=65}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=72,tutor-end=73}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=73,tutor-end=76}{\pi}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=78,tutor-end=79}{6}} 所以,目标函数等价于: y=sin(x+5π6)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \sin\left(\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{+} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=28}{\pi}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{6}}\right)

y=sin(x+5π6)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \sin\left(\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{+} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=28}{\pi}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{6}}\right)
(2)
应用平移法则得出结论

比较起始函数 y=sinx\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\sin \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{x} 和目标函数 y=sin(x+5π6)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\sin\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{+} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=21}{\pi}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{6}}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{)} 的解析式,根据“左加右减”原则确定平移方式。

详细展开: 起始函数:y=sinx\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \sin \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{x} 目标函数:y=sin(x+5π6)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \sin\left(\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{+} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=28}{\pi}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{6}}\right) 根据函数图象平移变换规则:若将 y=f(x)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)} 的图象向左平移 m\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{m} (m>0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{>}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}) 个单位,得到 y=f(x+m)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{)} 的图象。 此处,x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} 变成了 x+5π6\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{+} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=14}{\pi}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{6}},且 5π6>0\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=10}{\pi}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{6}} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{>} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{0}。 因此,只需将 y=sinx\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \sin \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{x} 的图象向左平移 5π6\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=10}{\pi}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{6}} 个长度单位。 对比选项: (A) 向左 π6\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=9}{\pi}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{6}} (B) 向右 π6\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=9}{\pi}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{6}} (C) 向左 5π6\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=10}{\pi}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{6}} (D) 向右 5π6\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=10}{\pi}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{6}} 故选 (C)。

xx+5π6\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=6}{\to }\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{+} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=20}{\pi}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{6}}
10

一、选择题 · 平面几何

若直线 xa+yb=1\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{x}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{a}} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{+} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{y}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{b}} \htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{1} 与圆 x2+y2=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{y}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{1} 有公共点,则 ( ) (A) a2+b21\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=24}{\leqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{1} (B) a2+b21\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=24}{\geqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{1} (C) 1a2+1b21\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}}} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{+} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{2}}} \htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=44}{\leqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{1} (D) 1a2+1b21\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}}} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{+} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{2}}} \htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=44}{\geqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{1}

答案:(D)

题目标签:直线与圆的位置关系

解题过程

利用圆心到直线的距离公式求解

根据直线与圆有公共点的条件,建立不等式

(1)
列出距离不等式

直线与圆有公共点等价于圆心到直线的距离小于等于半径。

详细展开: 圆方程:x2+y2=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{y}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{1},圆心 O(0,0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)},半径 r=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{r}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}。 直线方程:xa+yb=1\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{x}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{a}} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{+} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{y}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{b}} \htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{1},即 bx+ayab=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{b} \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{0}。 圆心到直线的距离 d=b0+a0abb2+a2=aba2+b2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{d} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=18}{\cdot }\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{0} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=29}{\cdot }\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{0} \htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{|}}{\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=50,tutor-end=51}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=52,tutor-end=53}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=55,tutor-end=56}{2}}}} \htmlData{tutor-start=60,tutor-end=61}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=68,tutor-end=69}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=69,tutor-end=70}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=70,tutor-end=71}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=71,tutor-end=72}{|}}{\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=80,tutor-end=81}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=83,tutor-end=84}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=86,tutor-end=87}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=88,tutor-end=89}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=91,tutor-end=92}{2}}}}。 因为有公共点,所以 dr\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{d} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=12}{\leqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{r},即: aba2+b21\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{|}}{\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{2}}}} \htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=44}{\leqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{1}

d=aba2+b21\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{d} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{|}}{\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{2}}}} \htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=46}{\leqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{1}
(2)
变形不等式得到结论

对上述不等式两边平方并变形,匹配选项形式。

详细展开: 由 aba2+b21\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{|}}{\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{2}}}} \htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=44}{\leqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{1},两边平方(均为非负): a2b2a2+b21\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{2}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{2}}} \htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=44}{\leqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{1}。 因为 a,b\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{b} 作为截距不能为0(否则直线不过象限或无意义,且题目隐含 a,b0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{b} \neq \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{0}),所以 a2b2>0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{>} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{0}。 两边同除以 a2b2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}1a2+b21a2b2\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{2}}} \htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=34}{\leqslant }\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=50}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=52,tutor-end=53}{2}}} ? 这种除法不直观。 更好的方式:交叉相乘(因 a2+b2>0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{>}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{0}): a2b2a2+b2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=22}{\leqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{2}}。 两边同时除以 a2b2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}1a2a2b2+b2a2b2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=12}{\leqslant }\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{2}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{2}}} \htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{+} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=50}{2}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=53,tutor-end=54}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=56,tutor-end=57}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=59,tutor-end=60}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=62,tutor-end=63}{2}}} 11b2+1a2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=12}{\leqslant }\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{2}}} \htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{+} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{2}}}1a2+1b21\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}}} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{+} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{2}}} \htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=44}{\geqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{1}

1a2+1b21\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}}} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{+} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{2}}} \htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=44}{\geqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{1}
11

一、选择题 · 平面几何

已知三棱柱 ABCA1B1C1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{A}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{B}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{1}} 的侧棱与底面边长都相等,A1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}} 在底面 ABC\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{C} 内的射影为 ABC\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=10}{\triangle }\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{C} 的中心,则 AB1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}} 与底面 ABC\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{C} 所成角的正弦值等于 ( ) (A) 13\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{3}} (B) 23\frac{\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{3}} (C) 33\frac{\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{3}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{3}} (D) 23\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{3}}

答案:(B)

题目标签:棱柱中线面角的计算

解题过程

构建几何模型并计算线面角

找出 AB1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}} 在底面的射影,计算线面角的正弦值

(1)
分析几何体结构与投影

确定 A1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}} 在底面的投影位置,以及侧棱长与底面边长的关系。

详细展开: 设底面边长为 a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a},则侧棱长也为 a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}A1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}} 在底面 ABC\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{C} 内的射影 O\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}ABC\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=10}{\triangle }\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{C} 的中心(外心/重心/垂心,因是正三角形)。 连接 AO\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{O}。在 RtA1OA\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=10}{\triangle }\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{A}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{A} 中,A1O\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{O} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=12}{\perp} 平面 ABC\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{C}AO\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{O} 是正三角形 ABC\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{C} 外接圆半径。AO=33a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{O} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{=} \frac{\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{3}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{3}} \htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{a}。 侧棱 AA1=a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{A}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{a}。 高 h=A1O=AA12AO2=a2(33a)2=a213a2=23a=63a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{h} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{A}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{O} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=} \sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{A}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{1}}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{O}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{2}}} \htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{=} \sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=48,tutor-end=49}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=51,tutor-end=52}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=54,tutor-end=55}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=56,tutor-end=57}{(}\frac{\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=69,tutor-end=70}{3}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=73,tutor-end=74}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=75,tutor-end=76}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=76,tutor-end=77}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=79,tutor-end=80}{2}}} \htmlData{tutor-start=83,tutor-end=84}{=} \sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=91,tutor-end=92}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=94,tutor-end=95}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=97,tutor-end=98}{-} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=105,tutor-end=106}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=108,tutor-end=109}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=110,tutor-end=111}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=113,tutor-end=114}{2}}} \htmlData{tutor-start=117,tutor-end=118}{=} \sqrt{\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=131,tutor-end=132}{2}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=134,tutor-end=135}{3}}}\htmlData{tutor-start=137,tutor-end=138}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=139,tutor-end=140}{=} \frac{\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=153,tutor-end=154}{6}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=157,tutor-end=158}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=159,tutor-end=160}{a}

h=63a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{h} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \frac{\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{6}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{a}
(2)
求解 AB1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}} 与底面所成角

找到 AB1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}} 与底面所成的角,并计算其正弦值。

详细展开: 我们需要求 AB1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}} 与底面 ABC\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{C} 所成的角。 向量法或几何法均可。这里用几何法结合向量思想更清晰,或者寻找 B1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}} 的投影。 B1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}} 在底面的射影设为 O\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}'。由于是棱柱,BB1=AA1\vec{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{B}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}}} \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{=} \vec{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{A}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{1}}}A1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}} 投影为 O\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O},则 B1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}} 的投影 O\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}' 满足 OO=AB\vec{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{O}'} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{=} \vec{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{B}}? 不对。 更简单的方法:建立空间直角坐标系或使用向量。 或者:线面角的定义是线与它在面上射影的夹角。 A\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A} 在底面上。需找 B1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}} 在底面上的射影 B\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}'。 因为 A1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}} 投影是 O\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O},所以 A1O\vec{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{A}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{O}} 是竖直向下的向量(相对底面法向量)。 其实,B1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}} 相对于 B\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B} 的位移与 A1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}} 相对于 A\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A} 的位移相同。 令底面中心为原点不方便,不如直接算高度。 B1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}} 到底面的距离等于 A1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}} 到底面的距离 h=63a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{h} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \frac{\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{6}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{a}。 线段 AB1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}} 的长度是多少? 在 ABB1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=10}{\triangle }\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{B}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{1}} 中?不,ABB1A1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{B}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{A}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}} 是平行四边形(侧面)。 AB=a,BB1=a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{B}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{a}\\[angle ABB_{1}\\] 是多少? 这取决于侧棱倾斜程度。 让我们用向量法更稳妥。 设 O\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O} 为原点不太方便,设 A\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A} 为原点? 不,利用公式:sinθ=hL\sin \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=12}{\theta }\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{h}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{L}},其中 h\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{h} 是终点到面的距离,L\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{L} 是斜线长。 hB1=h=63a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{h}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{B}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1}}} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{h} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{=} \frac{\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{6}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{a}。 需要计算 AB1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}} 的长度。 AB1=AB+BB1=AB+AA1\vec{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{B}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}}} \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{=} \vec{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{B}} \htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{+} \vec{\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{B}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{1}}} \htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{=} \vec{\htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{B}} \htmlData{tutor-start=50,tutor-end=51}{+} \vec{\htmlData{tutor-start=57,tutor-end=58}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=58,tutor-end=59}{A}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=61,tutor-end=62}{1}}}AB12=AB2+AA12+2ABAA1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\vec{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{B}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}}}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{|}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{|}\vec{\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{B}}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{|}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{|}\vec{\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{A}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=48,tutor-end=49}{1}}}\htmlData{tutor-start=51,tutor-end=52}{|}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=54,tutor-end=55}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=57,tutor-end=58}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=59,tutor-end=60}{2} \vec{\htmlData{tutor-start=66,tutor-end=67}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=67,tutor-end=68}{B}} \htmlData{tutor-start=70,tutor-end=76}{\cdot }\vec{\htmlData{tutor-start=81,tutor-end=82}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=82,tutor-end=83}{A}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=85,tutor-end=86}{1}}}。 已知 AB=a,AA1=a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\vec{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{B}}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{|}\vec{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{A}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{1}}}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{a}。 需知 ABAA1\vec{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{B}} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=15}{\cdot }\vec{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{A}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{1}}}AA1\vec{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{A}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}}} 在底面投影为 AO\vec{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{O}}AA1=AO+OA1\vec{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{A}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}}} \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{=} \vec{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{O}} \htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{+} \vec{\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{A}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{1}}}(竖直)。 ABAA1=AB(AO+OA1)=ABAO\vec{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{B}} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=15}{\cdot }\vec{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{A}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{1}}} \htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{=} \vec{\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{B}} \htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=45}{\cdot }\htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{(}\vec{\htmlData{tutor-start=51,tutor-end=52}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=52,tutor-end=53}{O}} \htmlData{tutor-start=55,tutor-end=56}{+} \vec{\htmlData{tutor-start=62,tutor-end=63}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=63,tutor-end=64}{A}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=66,tutor-end=67}{1}}}\htmlData{tutor-start=69,tutor-end=70}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=71,tutor-end=72}{=} \vec{\htmlData{tutor-start=78,tutor-end=79}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=79,tutor-end=80}{B}} \htmlData{tutor-start=82,tutor-end=88}{\cdot }\vec{\htmlData{tutor-start=93,tutor-end=94}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=94,tutor-end=95}{O}} (因为 OA1AB\vec{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{A}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}}} \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=19}{\perp }\vec{\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{B}})。 在正 ABC\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=10}{\triangle }\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{C} 中,AB\vec{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{B}}AO\vec{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{O}} 夹角为 3030^\circAB=a,AO=33a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\vec{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{B}}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{|}\vec{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{O}}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{=}\frac{\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{3}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{a}ABAO=a33acos30=33a232=12a2\vec{AB} \cdot \vec{AO} = a \cdot \frac{\sqrt{3}}{3}a \cdot \cos 30^\circ = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{3}a^{2} \cdot \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} = \frac{1}{2}a^{2}。 所以 AB12=a2+a2+2(12a2)=3a2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\vec{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{B}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}}}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{|}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{(}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=48,tutor-end=49}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=50,tutor-end=51}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=53,tutor-end=54}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=55,tutor-end=56}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=57,tutor-end=58}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=59,tutor-end=60}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=60,tutor-end=61}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=63,tutor-end=64}{2}}AB1=3a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{=} \sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{a}。 设线面角为 θ\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=6}{\theta},则 sinθ=B1到底面距离AB1=63a3a=633=23\sin \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=12}{\theta }\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{B}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{1}} \text{\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{到}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{底}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{面}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{距}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{离}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{B}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{1}}} \htmlData{tutor-start=48,tutor-end=49}{=} \frac{\frac{\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=68,tutor-end=69}{6}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=72,tutor-end=73}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=74,tutor-end=75}{a}}{\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=83,tutor-end=84}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=85,tutor-end=86}{a}} \htmlData{tutor-start=88,tutor-end=89}{=} \frac{\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=102,tutor-end=103}{6}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=106,tutor-end=107}{3}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=113,tutor-end=114}{3}}} \htmlData{tutor-start=117,tutor-end=118}{=} \frac{\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=131,tutor-end=132}{2}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=135,tutor-end=136}{3}}

sintheta=23\sin \\\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{h}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{e}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{=} \frac{\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{2}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{3}}
12

一、选择题 · 排列组合

将 1, 2, 3 填入 3×3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{3} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=9}{\times }\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{3} 的方格中,要求每行、每列都没有重复数字,下面是一种填法,则不同的填写方法共有 ( ) (A) 6 种 (B) 12 种 (C) 24 种 (D) 48 种

原卷图示 1
原卷图示 1原卷第 1 页 · qwen3.7-plus_layout_detection · 需复核

答案:(B)

题目标签:3阶拉丁方的计数问题

解题过程

计算满足条件的填法总数

利用分步乘法计数原理,依次确定第一行、第一列及剩余格子的填法数

(1)
确定第一行的填法

首先考虑第一行的填写。由于每行数字不能重复,第一行必须是 1, 2, 3 的一个全排列。

详细展开: 在 3×3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{3} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=9}{\times }\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{3} 的方格中填入 1, 2, 3,要求每行无重复。 第一行有 3 个位置,填入 1, 2, 3 的全排列。 第一行的填法数为 A33=3×2×1=6\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{3}}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{3}} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{3} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=21}{\times }\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{2} \htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=30}{\times }\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{6} 种。 不妨假设第一行固定为一种情况,例如: 123??????\begin{matrix} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{1} & \htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{2} & \htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{3} \\ \htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{?} & \htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{?} & \htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{?} \\ \htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{?} & \htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{?} & \htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=50}{?} \end{matrix} 计算出第一行的可能性后,后续步骤将基于“第一行已固定”的情况计算剩余格子的填法,最后相乘。

N1=A33=6\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{N}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{A}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{3}}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{3}} \htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{6}
(2)
分析第一行固定后剩余格子的填法

在第一行固定为 (1, 2, 3) 的情况下,分析第二行和第三行的合法填法。这需要满足列不重复的条件。

详细展开: 设方格如下: 123abcdef\begin{matrix} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{1} & \htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{2} & \htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{3} \\ \htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{a} & \htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{b} & \htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{c} \\ \htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{d} & \htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{e} & \htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=50}{f} \end{matrix} **分析第二行 (a,b,c)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{c}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{)}:** a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a} 不能是 1(第一列已有1),b\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b} 不能是 2,c\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{c} 不能是 3。且 a,b,c\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{c} 互不相同,取自 \{1,2,3\}。 这实际上是 1, 2, 3 的一个错位排列(Derangement)。 可能的第二行情况有: 1. (2,3,1)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{)}:此时 a=2,b=3,c=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{c}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{1}。检查列冲突:第1列(1,2),第2列(2,3),第3列(3,1)。无冲突。 2. (3,1,2)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{)}:此时 a=3,b=1,c=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{c}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}。检查列冲突:第1列(1,3),第2列(2,1),第3列(3,2)。无冲突。 其他排列如 (2,1,3)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{)}c=3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{c}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{3} 与第一行 3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{3} 冲突,舍去。故第二行只有 2 种填法。

**分析第三行 (d,e,f)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{d}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{e}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{)}:** 一旦第一行和第二行确定,第三行的每个元素由该列剩余的那个数字唯一确定。 例如,若第二行是 (2,3,1)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{)}: 第1列已有 1, 2,则 d\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{d} 必须是 3。 第2列已有 2, 3,则 e\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{e} 必须是 1。 第3列已有 3, 1,则 f\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f} 必须是 2。 即第三行为 (3,1,2)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{)}。需检查第三行内部是否有重复:3,1,2 无重复,合法。 同理,若第二行是 (3,1,2)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{)},则第三行必为 (2,3,1)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{)},也无重复,合法。

因此,对于固定的第一行,第二行有 2 种选法,第三行随之唯一确定且合法。 所以,固定第一行后,共有 2×1=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=9}{\times }\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2} 种填法。

Nrest=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{N}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{r}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{e}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{s}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{t}} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}
(3)
综合计算总数

根据分步乘法计数原理,将第一行的填法数与剩余部分的填法数相乘。

详细展开: 总填法数 = (第一行的填法数) ×\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=6}{\times} (第一行固定后剩余格子的填法数) N=6×2=12\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{N} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{6} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=13}{\times }\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{2} 种。 对比选项: (A) 6 (B) 12 (C) 24 (D) 48 故选 (B)。

N=6×2=12\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{N} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{6} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=13}{\times }\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{2}
13

二、填空题 · 不等式

x,y\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{y} 满足约束条件 {x+y0,xy+30,0x3,\begin{cases} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=28}{\geqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{,} \\ \htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{3} \htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=50}{\geqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=50,tutor-end=51}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=51,tutor-end=52}{,} \\ \htmlData{tutor-start=56,tutor-end=57}{0} \htmlData{tutor-start=58,tutor-end=68}{\leqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=68,tutor-end=69}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=70,tutor-end=80}{\leqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=80,tutor-end=81}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=81,tutor-end=82}{,} \end{cases}z=2xy\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{z} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{y} 的最大值为 \_\_\_\_\_\_。

答案:9\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{9}

题目标签:线性规划最值

解题过程

求线性目标最大值

在可行域顶点或边界上比较

(1)
确定最优边界

目标 z=2xy\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{z}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{y} 随 y 减小而增大。

详细展开:约束给出 yx\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=4}{\ge}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{x}yx+3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=5}{\le }\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{3} 以及 0x3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=5}{\le }\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=9}{\le}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{3},所以固定 x 时应取最低的 y=x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x}

z2x(x)=3x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{z}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=4}{\le}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{x}
(2)
取 x 的端点

0x3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=5}{\le }\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=9}{\le}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{3} 上,3x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{x} 单调增加。

详细展开:取 x=3,y=3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{3} 时所有约束均成立,且 z=9\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{z}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{9},因此上界可以取得。

zmax=9\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{z}_{\max}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{9}}
14

二、填空题 · 解析几何

已知抛物线 y=ax21\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{1} 的焦点是坐标原点,则以抛物线与两坐标轴的三个交点为顶点的三角形面积为 \_\_\_\_\_\_。

答案:2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}

题目标签:抛物线焦点与截距三角形

解题过程

由焦点确定抛物线

把方程改写成标准形式

(1)
比较顶点与焦点

y=ax21\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1} 写成 x2=1a(y+1)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{a}}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{)}

详细展开:与 x2=4p(y+1)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{p}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{)} 比较得 p=1/(4a)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{p}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{)},顶点为 (0,1)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)},焦点为 (0,1+p)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{p}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{)}。题设焦点为原点,所以 p=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{p}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}a=1/4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{4}

1+p=0p=1,a=14\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{p}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=22}{\Longrightarrow }\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{p}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{,}\quad \htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{=}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{4}}
(2)
计算截距三角形

抛物线为 y=x2/41\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}

详细展开:它与 x 轴交于 (2,0),(2,0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{)},与 y 轴交于 (0,1)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}。三角形底长为 4、高为 1。

S=1241=2S=\frac{1}{2}\cdot4\cdot1=\boxed2
15

二、填空题 · 解析几何

ABC\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=10}{\triangle }\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{C} 中,A=90\angle A = 90^\circtanB=34\tan \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{B} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{3}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{4}}。若以 A\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}B\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B} 为焦点的椭圆经过点 C\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C},则该椭圆的离心率 e=\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{e} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \_\_\_\_\_\_。

答案:1/2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}

题目标签:直角三角形中的椭圆离心率

解题过程

求椭圆离心率

用直角三角形边比确定焦距和长轴

(1)
写出三边比

A=90A=90^\circtanB=3/4\tan \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{4}

详细展开:设 AC=3t,AB=4t\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{t},则斜边 BC=5t\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{t}。椭圆两焦点 A、B 的距离为 AB=4t\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{t},故半焦距为 2t\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{t}

AC:AB:BC=3:4:5,c0=AB2=2t\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{:}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{:}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{:}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{:}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{,}\quad \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{c}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{0}}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{=}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{B}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{t}
(2)
使用椭圆定义

点 C 在椭圆上,两焦距之和等于长轴长。

详细展开:CA+CB=3t+5t=8t=2a0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{8}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{0}},所以半长轴 a0=4t\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{0}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{t}。离心率为 e=c0/a0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{e}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{c}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{0}}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{0}}

e=2t4t=12\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{e}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{t}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{t}}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{=}\boxed{\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{2}}}
16

二、填空题 · 立体几何

已知菱形 ABCD\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{D} 中,AB=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{2}A=120\angle A = 120^\circ,沿对角线 BD\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{D}ABD\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=10}{\triangle }\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{D} 折起,使二面角 ABDC\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{C}120120^\circ,则点 A\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}BCD\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=10}{\triangle }\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{D} 所在平面的距离等于 \_\_\_\_\_\_。

答案:√3/2

题目标签:折叠与点面距离

解题过程

求折叠后的点面距离

先求折痕到 A 的距离,再乘二面角正弦

(1)
求 A 到折痕 BD 的距离

菱形边长为 2、夹角 A 为 120120^\circ

详细展开:BD2=22+22222cos120=12BD^{2}=2^{2}+2^{2}-2\cdot2\cdot2\cos120^\circ=12,故 BD=23\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{3}}。三角形 ABD 面积是菱形面积的一半,为 3\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{3}},所以 A 到 BD 的距离为 23/(23)=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{1}

d(A,BD)=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{d}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{1}
(2)
投影到固定平面法向

折叠后二面角 ABDC=120A-BD-C=120^\circ

详细展开:过 A 作折痕 BD 的垂线,该长度为 1;其在平面 BCD 法向上的分量为 1sin1201\cdot\sin120^\circ,即点 A 到平面 BCD 的距离。

d(A,平面 BCD)=sin120=32d(A,\text{平面 }BCD)=\sin120^\circ=\boxed{\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}}
17

三、解答题 · 解三角形

ABC\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=10}{\triangle }\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{C} 的内角 A\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}B\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}C\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C} 所对的边长分别为 a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}b\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b}c\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{c},且 acosB=3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a} \cos \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{B} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{3}bsinA=4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b} \sin \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{A} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{4}。 (1) 求边长 a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}; (2) 若 ABC\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=10}{\triangle }\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{C} 的面积 S=10\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{S} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{0},求 ABC\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=10}{\triangle }\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{C} 的周长 l\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{l}

答案:5;10+2√5

题目标签:正弦定理与三角形周长

解题过程

(1)求边长 a

用正弦定理把两个已知式统一为 a 的分量

(1)
转化第二个条件

正弦定理给出 b/sinB=a/sinA\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{/}\sin \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{/}\sin \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{A}

详细展开:所以 bsinA=asinB=4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b}\sin \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{a}\sin \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{4};另有 acosB=3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\cos \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{3}。这正是 a 在两个正交方向上的分量。

asinB=4,acosB=3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\sin \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{,}\quad \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{a}\cos \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{3}
(2)
平方相加

利用 sin2B+cos2B=1\sin^{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{+}\cos^{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{1}

详细展开:a2=(asinB)2+(acosB)2=42+32=25\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{a}\sin \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{a}\cos \htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{4}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{3}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{5},边长取正。

a=5\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{5}}

(2)求周长

先由面积求第三边,再用余弦定理求余边

(1)
由面积求 c

角 B 的邻边是 a、c。

详细展开:S=12acsinB=12c(asinB)=2c\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{S}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{c}\sin \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{=}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{c}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{a}\sin \htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{c}。由 S=10\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{S}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{0}c=5\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{c}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{5}

10=2cc=5\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{c}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=21}{\Longrightarrow }\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{c}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{5}
(2)
求 b 并相加

cosB=3/a=3/5\cos \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{5},对边 b 使用余弦定理。

详细展开:b2=a2+c22accosB=25+2530=20\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{c}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{c}\cos \htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{0},故 b=25\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{5}},周长为 a+b+c\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{c}

l=10+25\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{l}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{5}}}
18

三、解答题 · 立体几何

四棱锥 ABCDE\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{E} 中,底面 BCDE\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{E} 为矩形,侧面 ABC\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{C} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=9}{\perp} 底面 BCDE\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{E}BC=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{2}CD=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{D} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{=} \sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}}AB=AC\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{C}。 (1) 证明:ADCE\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{D} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=9}{\perp }\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{E}; (2) 设侧面 ABC\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{C} 为等边三角形,求二面角 CADE\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{E} 的大小。

原卷图示 1
原卷图示 1原卷第 1 页 · qwen3.7-plus_layout_detection · 需复核

答案:见证明;arccos(-√10/10)

题目标签:四棱锥垂直与二面角

解题过程

(1)证明 AD 垂直 CE

用坐标把侧面垂直和矩形条件同时编码

(1)
建立空间坐标

令矩形底面为 z=0,BC 沿 x 轴。

详细展开:取 B=(1,0,0),C=(1,0,0),D=(1,2,0),E=(1,2,0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{,}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{E}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{,}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=50,tutor-end=51}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=52,tutor-end=53}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=53,tutor-end=54}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=54,tutor-end=55}{)}。因平面 ABC 垂直底面且 AB=AC\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{C},可设 A=(0,0,h)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{h}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{)}

A=(0,0,h),B=(1,0,0), C=(1,0,0), D=(1,2,0), E=(1,2,0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{h}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{,}\quad \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=29}{\ }\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=41}{\ }\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{,}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=52,tutor-end=53}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=54,tutor-end=55}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=55,tutor-end=56}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=56,tutor-end=57}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=57,tutor-end=58}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=58,tutor-end=60}{\ }\htmlData{tutor-start=60,tutor-end=61}{E}\htmlData{tutor-start=61,tutor-end=62}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=62,tutor-end=63}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=63,tutor-end=64}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=64,tutor-end=65}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=65,tutor-end=66}{,}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=72,tutor-end=73}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=74,tutor-end=75}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=75,tutor-end=76}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=76,tutor-end=77}{)}
(2)
验证方向点积

分别写出 AD 与 CE 的方向向量。

详细展开:AD=(1,2,h)\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{D}}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{,}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{h}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{)}CE=(2,2,0)\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{E}}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{,}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{)},点积为 2+2=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{0},所以两直线垂直。

ADCE=0ADCE\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{D}}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=24}{\cdot}\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{E}}\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=60}{\Longrightarrow}\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=67,tutor-end=68}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=68,tutor-end=69}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=69,tutor-end=75}{\perp }\htmlData{tutor-start=75,tutor-end=76}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=76,tutor-end=77}{E}}

(2)求二面角 C-AD-E

用垂直于棱 AD 的两个投影向量表示线性角

(1)
确定顶点高度

侧面 ABC 是边长 2 的等边三角形。

详细展开:A 在 BC 中点的正上方,因此高 h=2212=3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{h}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{1}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{2}}}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{=}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{3}}。令 d=AD\boldsymbol d=\overrightarrow{AD},把 AC\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{C}}AE\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{E}} 分别投影到 d\boldsymbol d 的垂面。

h=3,d=(1,2,3)h=\sqrt{3},\quad \boldsymbol d=(1,\sqrt{2},-\sqrt{3})
(2)
计算线性角

两投影向量可取 u=(1,22,3)/3\boldsymbol u=(1,-2\sqrt{2},-\sqrt{3})/3v=(5,2,3)/3\boldsymbol v=(-5,\sqrt{2},-\sqrt{3})/3

详细展开:它们分别指向 C、E 所在半平面,且 uv=2/3\boldsymbol u\cdot\boldsymbol v=-2/3u=2/3|\boldsymbol u|=2/\sqrt{3}v=10/3|\boldsymbol v|=\sqrt{10/3}。故二面角余弦为 1/10\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{/}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{0}}

theta=arccos(1010)\boxed{\\\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{h}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{e}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{=}\arccos\left(\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{-}\frac{\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{0}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{0}}\right)}
19

三、解答题 · 数列

在数列 {an}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=2}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{n}}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=9}{\}} 中,a1=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{1}an+1=2an+2n\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{n}} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{n}}。 (1) 设 bn=an2n1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{n}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{n}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{1}}}。证明:数列 {bn}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=2}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{b}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{n}}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=9}{\}} 是等差数列; (2) 求数列 {an}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=2}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{n}}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=9}{\}} 的前 n\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{n} 项和 Sn\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{S}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{n}}

答案:b_n=n;S_n=(n-1)2^n+1

题目标签:递推数列归一化与求和

解题过程

(1)证明 bn 为等差数列

把递推式按 2 的幂归一化

(1)
计算相邻项

由定义 bn+1=an+1/2n\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{n}}

详细展开:代入 an+1=2an+2n\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{n}}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{n}},得到 bn+1=an/2n1+1=bn+1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{n}}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{b}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{n}}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{1}

bn+1bn=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{b}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{n}}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{1}
(2)
给出首项与结论

b1=a1=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{1}

详细展开:相邻项差恒为 1,所以 {bn}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=2}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{b}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{n}}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=9}{\}} 是首项 1、公差 1 的等差数列,并有 bn=n\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{n}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{n}

bn=n\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{b}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{n}}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{n}}

(2)求前 n 项和

先还原 an,再求带权等比和

(1)
写出通项

bn=an/2n1=n\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{n}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{n}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{n}

详细展开:因此 an=n2n1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{n}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{1}},所求 Sn=k=1nk2k1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{S}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{n}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\sum_{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{1}}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{n}} \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{1}}

an=n2n1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{n}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{1}}
(2)
错位相减求和

将 S_n 与 2S_n 错位相减。

详细展开:标准计算得到 k=1nk2k1=1+(n1)2n\sum_{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{1}}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{n}} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{n}};代入 n=1、2 分别得 1、5,与原数列核验一致。

Sn=(n1)2n+1\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{S}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{n}}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{n}}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{1}}
20

三、解答题 · 概率

已知 5 只动物中有 1 只患有某种疾病,需要通过化验血液来确定患病的动物. 血液化验结果呈阳性的即为患病动物,呈阴性即没患病. 下面是两种化验方案: 方案甲:逐个化验,直到能确定患病动物为止. 方案乙:先任取 3 只,将它们的血液混在一起化验. 若结果呈阳性则表明患病动物为这 3 只中的 1 只,然后再逐个化验,直到能确定患病动物为止;若结果呈阴性则在另外 2 只中任取 1 只化验. 求依方案甲所需化验次数不少于依方案乙所需化验次数的概率.

答案:3/5\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{5}

题目标签:分组化验方案比较

解题过程

比较两种化验次数

固定化验顺序并按患病动物位置枚举

(1)
列出两方案次数

五只动物患病机会相同,可编号后逐一列出。

详细展开:若患病动物依次为第 1 至第 5 只,方案甲次数为 (1,2,3,4,4)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{)}。方案乙先混合前 3 只;阳性后逐个排查,阴性后检查余下 2 只之一,所以次数为 (2,3,3,2,2)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{)}

X=(1,2,3,4,4),Y=(2,3,3,2,2)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{X}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{,}\quad \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{Y}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{)}
(2)
计数有利位置

逐项比较 X 与 Y。

详细展开:第 3、4、5 只患病时有 XY\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{X}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=5}{\ge }\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{Y},共 3 个等可能位置;第 1、2 只不满足。因此概率为 3/5\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{5}

P(XY)=35\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{X}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=14}{\ge }\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{Y}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{=}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{3}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{5}}}
21

三、解答题 · 导数

已知函数 f(x)=x3+ax2+x+1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{3}} \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{1}, aR\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=6}{\in }\mathbf{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{R}}. (1) 讨论函数 f(x)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)} 的单调区间; (2) 设函数 f(x)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)} 在区间 (23,13)\left(\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{-}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{-}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{3}}\right) 内是减函数,求 a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a} 的取值范围.

答案:分类见解析;a≥2

题目标签:三次函数含参单调性

解题过程

(1)讨论单调区间

按导数二次式判别式分类

(1)
求导并找临界点

f(x)=3x2+2ax+1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}'\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{1} 是开口向上的二次式。

详细展开:其判别式为 4(a23)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{)}。当 a3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=6}{\le}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{3}} 时导数非负,函数在实数域递增;等号只使导数在一点为 0,不改变严格单调性。

a3:f 在 R 上递增\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=6}{\le}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{:}\quad \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{f}\text{ \htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{在} }\mathbb{\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{R}}\text{ \htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=50}{上}\htmlData{tutor-start=50,tutor-end=51}{递}\htmlData{tutor-start=51,tutor-end=52}{增}}
(2)
写出两根情形

a>3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{>}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{3}} 时,令 x1=(aa23)/3<x2=(a+a23)/3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{-}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{<}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{+}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=50}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=50,tutor-end=51}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=52,tutor-end=53}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=53,tutor-end=54}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=54,tutor-end=55}{3}

详细展开:导数在两根外为正、两根之间为负,所以 f 在 (,x1)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=8}{\infty}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{)}(x2,)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=13}{\infty}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{)} 上递增,在 (x1,x2)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{)} 上递减。

a>3: (,x1),(x2,); (x1,x2)\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{>}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{:}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=22}{\ }\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=30}{\nearrow}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=38}{\infty}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=50,tutor-end=51}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=52,tutor-end=53}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=53,tutor-end=59}{\infty}\htmlData{tutor-start=59,tutor-end=60}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=60,tutor-end=61}{;}\htmlData{tutor-start=61,tutor-end=63}{\ }\htmlData{tutor-start=63,tutor-end=71}{\searrow}\htmlData{tutor-start=71,tutor-end=72}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=72,tutor-end=73}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=75,tutor-end=76}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=77,tutor-end=78}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=78,tutor-end=79}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=81,tutor-end=82}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=83,tutor-end=84}{)}}

(2)由区间单调性求参数

把导数非正条件对参数求交集

(1)
对 a 解不等式

x(2/3,1/3)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=4}{\in}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{)} 上递减要求 3x2+2ax+10\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=15}{\le}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{0}

详细展开:因 x 为负,移项除以 2x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{x} 后方向反转,得到 ah(x)=3x2+12x=32x12xa\ge h(x)=-\frac{3x^{2}+1}{2x}=-\frac{3}{2}x-\frac1{2x}

ah(x)=32x12xa\ge h(x)=-\frac{3}{2}x-\frac1{2x}
(2)
求统一下界

需要 asuph(x)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=4}{\ge}\sup \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{h}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{)}

详细展开:在该开区间上,h 的最大上确界为右端趋近值 h(1/3)=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{h}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{2}。当 a=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}f(x)=(3x+1)(x+1)<0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}'\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{<}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{0},确实在整个开区间严格递减。

a[2,)\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=11}{\in}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=20}{\infty}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{)}}
22

三、解答题 · 解析几何

双曲线的中心为原点 O\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O},焦点在 x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} 轴上,两条渐近线分别为 l1,l2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{l}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{l}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}},经过右焦点 F\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{F} 垂直于 l1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{l}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}} 的直线分别交 l1,l2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{l}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{l}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}}A,B\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{B} 两点. 已知 OA\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{A}}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{|}AB\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{B}}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{|}OB\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{B}}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{|} 成等差数列,且 BF\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{F}}FA\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{F}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{A}} 同向. (1) 求双曲线的离心率; (2) 设 AB\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B} 被双曲线所截得的线段的长为 4,求双曲线的方程.

答案:√5/2;x²/36-y²/9=1

题目标签:双曲线渐近线构型与截弦

解题过程

(1)求双曲线离心率

用渐近线斜率统一表示三个线段长度

(1)
参数化交点

设渐近线为 y=±mx\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=6}{\pm }\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{x}m>0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{>}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0},右焦点 F=(c,0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{F}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{c}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{)}

详细展开:过 F 且垂直 y=mx\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x} 的直线为 y=(cx)/m\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{c}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{m}。它与两渐近线的交点满足 OA=c/1+m2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{c}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{/}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{m}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}}}OB=c1+m2/(1m2)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{c}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{m}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{2}}}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{m}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{)}AB=2cm/[(1m2)1+m2]\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{c}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{m}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{)}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{m}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{2}}}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{]}。同向条件给出 0<m<1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{<}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{<}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}

OA=c1+m2,OB=c1+m21m2,AB=2cm(1m2)1+m2OA=\frac c{\sqrt{1+m^{2}}},\quad OB=\frac{c\sqrt{1+m^{2}}}{1-m^{2}},\quad AB=\frac{2cm}{(1-m^{2})\sqrt{1+m^{2}}}
(2)
使用等差中项

长度依次成等差数列,所以 2AB=OA+OB\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{B}

详细展开:代入并约去公共因子后得到 4m=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2},即 m=1/2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}。双曲线离心率 e=1+m2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{e}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{m}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}}}

m=12e=52\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=28}{\Longrightarrow}\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{e}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{=}\frac{\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=50}{5}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=53,tutor-end=54}{2}}}

(2)由截弦长确定方程

保留已求形状参数,只求尺度 a

(1)
写双曲线和截线

b/a=1/2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2},双曲线可写为 x2/a2y2/(a2/4)=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{y}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{1},且 c=a5/2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{c}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{a}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{5}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}

详细展开:垂线 AB 的斜率为 -2,方程为 y=2(xc)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{c}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{)}。代入 x24y2=a2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{y}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}},得到关于 x 的二次方程。

15x232cx+16c2+a2=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{c}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{c}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{0}
(2)
把根差换成弦长

该二次方程两根的横坐标差为 25a/15\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{5}}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{5}

详细展开:直线斜率绝对值为 2,所以弦长等于横坐标差的 5\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{5}} 倍,即 2a/3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{3}。由弦长 4 得 a=6,b=3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{3}

2a3=4x236y29=1\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{a}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=29}{\Longrightarrow}\boxed{\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{2}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=50}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=50,tutor-end=51}{6}}\htmlData{tutor-start=52,tutor-end=53}{-}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=59,tutor-end=60}{y}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=62,tutor-end=63}{2}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=66,tutor-end=67}{9}}\htmlData{tutor-start=68,tutor-end=69}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=69,tutor-end=70}{1}}