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2008 年高考数学(大纲卷 2理科)

exams_raw/普通高考/2008/2008大纲2理(黑龙江,吉林,贵州,新疆,内蒙古,青海,云南,西藏,甘肃).pdf · HS-MATH-1024-v2.1-solution-aware

2228 个小问/题组
1

一、选择题 · 集合与常用逻辑用语

设集合 M={mZ3<m<2}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{M} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=6}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{m} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=12}{\in }\mathbf{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{Z}} \htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=28}{\mid }\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{3} \htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{m} \htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=40}{\}}, N={nZ1n3}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{N} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=6}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{n} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=12}{\in }\mathbf{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{Z}} \htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=28}{\mid }\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=41}{\leqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{n} \htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=53}{\leqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=53,tutor-end=54}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=54,tutor-end=56}{\}}, 则 MN=\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{M} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=7}{\cap }\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{N} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{=} ( ) (A) {0,1}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=2}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=8}{\}} (B) {1,0,1}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=2}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=12}{\}} (C) {0,1,2}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=2}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=11}{\}} (D) {1,0,1,2}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=2}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=15}{\}}

答案:(B)

题目标签:集合的交集运算

解题过程

求集合 M 与 N 的交集

列举出集合 M 和 N 的所有元素,找出公共元素

(1)
确定集合 M 的元素

根据集合 M 的描述法定义,找出满足条件 3<m<2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{3} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{m} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2} 的所有整数。

详细展开: 集合 M={mZ3<m<2}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{M} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=6}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{m} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=12}{\in }\mathbf{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{Z}} \htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=28}{\mid }\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{3} \htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{m} \htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=40}{\}}。 因为 m\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{m} 是整数,且大于 3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{3} 小于 2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2},所以 m\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{m} 可以取的值为: 2,1,0,1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{1}。 注意:不等式是严格小于号,不包含端点 3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{3}2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}。 故 M={2,1,0,1}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{M} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=6}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=20}{\}}

M={2,1,0,1}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{M} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=6}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=20}{\}}
(2)
确定集合 N 的元素并求交集

同理列出集合 N 的元素,然后找出 M 和 N 的公共部分。

详细展开: 集合 N={nZ1n3}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{N} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=6}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{n} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=12}{\in }\mathbf{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{Z}} \htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=28}{\mid }\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=41}{\leqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{n} \htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=53}{\leqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=53,tutor-end=54}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=54,tutor-end=56}{\}}。 因为 n\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{n} 是整数,且大于等于 1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1} 小于等于 3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{3},所以 n\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{n} 可以取的值为: 1,0,1,2,3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{3}。 故 N={1,0,1,2,3}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{N} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=6}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=22}{\}}

求交集 MN\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{M} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=7}{\cap }\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{N}M={2,1,0,1}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{M} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=6}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{,} \mathbf{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{,} \mathbf{\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{0}}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{,} \mathbf{\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=47}{\}} N={1,0,1,2,3}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{N} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=6}{\{}\mathbf{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{,} \mathbf{\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{0}}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{,} \mathbf{\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=49}{\}} 公共元素为 1,0,1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}。 所以 MN={1,0,1}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{M} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=7}{\cap }\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{N} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=13}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=23}{\}}。 对比选项,(B) 符合。

MN={1,0,1}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{M} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=7}{\cap }\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{N} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=13}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=23}{\}}
2

一、选择题 · 复数代数运算

a,bR\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{b} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=9}{\in }\mathbf{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{R}}b0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b} \neq \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{0}, 若复数 (a+bi)3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{i}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{3}} 是实数, 则 ( ) (A) b2=3a2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}} (B) a2=3b2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}} (C) b2=9a2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}} (D) a2=9b2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}}

答案:(A)

题目标签:复数立方为实数的条件

解题过程

利用二项式定理展开并分离虚部

(a+bi)3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{i}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{3}} 展开,令虚部为零导出 a,b\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{b} 关系

(1)
展开复数立方表达式

首先利用二项式定理或完全立方公式展开 (a+bi)3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{i}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{3}},将其整理为实部与虚部的形式 A+Bi\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{i}

详细展开: 根据完全立方公式 (x+y)3=x3+3x2y+3xy2+y3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{3}} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{3}} \htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{y}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{y}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{3}},令 x=a,y=bi\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{i}(a+bi)3=a3+3a2(bi)+3a(bi)2+(bi)3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{i}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{3}} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{3}} \htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{i}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{i}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=48,tutor-end=49}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=50}{i}\htmlData{tutor-start=50,tutor-end=51}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=53,tutor-end=54}{3}} 注意到 i2=1,i3=i\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{i}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{i}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{3}} \htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{i},代入得: =a3+3a2bi3ab2b3i\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{3}} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{i} \htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{i} 将实部与虚部分组: =(a33ab2)+(3a2bb3)i\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{3}} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{b} \htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{i}

(a+bi)3=(a33ab2)+(3a2bb3)i\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{i}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{3}} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{3}} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{b} \htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=50}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=50,tutor-end=51}{i}
(2)
令虚部为零并求解关系式

根据复数是实数的定义,其虚部必须等于零。建立方程并结合 b0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b} \neq \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{0} 的条件化简。

详细展开: 由上一步可知,虚部为 3a2bb3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{b} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{3}}。 因为 (a+bi)3R\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{i}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{3}} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=15}{\in }\mathbf{\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{R}},所以: 3a2bb3=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{b} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{3}} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{0} 提取公因式 b\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b}b(3a2b2)=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{0} 题设已知 b0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b} \neq \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{0},因此必须有: 3a2b2=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{0} 移项得: b2=3a2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}} 对比选项,该结论对应选项 (A)。

3a2bb3=0    b(3a2b2)=0    b2=3a2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{b} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{3}} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{0} \implies \htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=50}{0} \implies \htmlData{tutor-start=60,tutor-end=61}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=63,tutor-end=64}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=66,tutor-end=67}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=68,tutor-end=69}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=69,tutor-end=70}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=72,tutor-end=73}{2}}
3

一、选择题 · 函数的基本性质

函数 f(x)=1xx\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{x}} \htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{x} 的图象关于 ( ) (A) y\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} 轴对称 (B) 直线 y=x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{x} 对称 (C) 坐标原点对称 (D) 直线 y=x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{x} 对称

答案:(C)

题目标签:函数图象的对称性

解题过程

判断函数的奇偶性

验证 f(x)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}f(x)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)} 的关系

(1)
确定定义域并计算 f(-x)

首先检查定义域是否关于原点对称,然后代入 x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{x} 进行化简。

详细展开: 函数 f(x)=1xx\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{x}} \htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{x}。 定义域为 {xx0}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=2}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=9}{\mid }\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{x} \neq \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=19}{\}},关于原点对称。 计算 f(x)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}f(x)=1x(x)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{x}} \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{)} =1x+x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{x}} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{x} =(1xx)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{(}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{x}} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{)} =f(x)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{)}

f(x)=f(x)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{)}
(2)
根据奇偶性结论判定对称轴/中心

f(x)=f(x)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{)} 得出函数为奇函数,从而确定对称性。

详细展开: 因为 f(x)=f(x)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{)},所以 f(x)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)} 是奇函数。 奇函数的图象关于坐标原点 (0,0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)} 对称。

分析其他选项: (A) y 轴对称对应偶函数,不符。 (B) 直线 y=x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x} 对称需满足 f1(x)=f(x)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{)} 等特定条件,虽然反比例函数部分性质相关,但整体奇函数性质最直接指向原点。 (D) 直线 y=x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x} 对称通常指函数与其反函数图象关系,或特定自反函数。

综上,最准确的描述是关于坐标原点对称。 故选 (C)。

奇函数    关于原点对称\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{奇}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{函}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{数}} \implies \text{\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{关}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{于}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{原}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{点}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{对}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{称}}
4

一、选择题 · 对数函数性质

x(e1,1)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=6}{\in }\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{(}\mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{e}}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{)}, a=lnx\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \ln \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{x}, b=2lnx\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\ln \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{x}, c=ln3x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{c} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \ln^{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{3}} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{x}, 则 ( ) (A) a<b<c\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{b} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{c} (B) c<a<b\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{c} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{b} (C) b<a<c\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{c} (D) b<c<a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{c} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{a}

答案:(C)

题目标签:对数函数值的大小比较

解题过程

确定中间变量的取值范围

分析 t=lnx\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{t} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \ln \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{x} 在给定区间内的符号和范围

(1)
换元并分析 t\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{t} 的范围

观察 a,b,c\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{c} 均与 lnx\ln \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{x} 有关,设 t=lnx\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{t} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \ln \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{x},将问题转化为关于 t\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{t} 的代数式大小比较。首先确定 t\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{t} 的取值范围。

详细展开: 已知 x(e1,1)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=6}{\in }\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{(}\mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{e}}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{)}。 因为 y=lnx\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \ln \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{x}(0,+)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=11}{\infty}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{)} 上单调递增,所以: ln(e1)<lnx<ln1\ln\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{(}\mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{e}}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{<} \ln \htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{<} \ln \htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{1} 即: 1<t<0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{t} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{0} 此时,a,b,c\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{c} 可表示为: a=t\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{t} b=2t\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{t} c=t3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{c} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{t}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{3}}

1<t<0,a=t,b=2t,c=t3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{t} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{,} \quad \htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{,} \quad \htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{,} \quad \htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{c}\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{t}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{3}}
(2)
比较 a,b,c\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{c} 的大小

t(1,0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{t} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=6}{\in }\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{)} 的条件下,比较 t,2t,t3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{t}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{3}} 的大小。可以通过作差法或特值法进行判断。

详细展开: 方法一:作差法 1. 比较 a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}b\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b}ab=t2t=t\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{b} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{t} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{t} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{t} 因为 t<0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{t} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0},所以 t>0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{t} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{>} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{0},即 a>b\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{>} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{b}。 2. 比较 c\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{c}a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}ca=t3t=t(t21)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{c} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{t}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{3}} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{t} \htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{t}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{)} 因为 1<t<0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{t} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{0},所以 t<0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{t} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}0<t2<1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{0} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{t}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{1},故 t21<0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{t}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{0}。 两个负数相乘为正,即 t(t21)>0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{t}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{>} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{0},所以 c>a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{c} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{>} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{a}。 综合上述两点,得 b<a<c\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{c}

方法二:特值法(辅助验证) 取 x=e0.5\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{e}}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{5}},则 t=0.5\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{t} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{5}a=0.5\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{5} b=2(0.5)=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{1} c=(0.5)3=0.125\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{c} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{3}} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{5} 显然 1<0.5<0.125\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{5} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{5},即 b<a<c\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{c}

对比选项,该结论对应选项 (C)。

b<a<c\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{c}
5

一、选择题 · 不等式与线性规划

设变量 x,y\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{y} 满足约束条件: {yx,x+2y2,x2,\begin{cases} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=26}{\geqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{,} \\ \htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=49}{\leqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=50}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=50,tutor-end=51}{,} \\ \htmlData{tutor-start=55,tutor-end=56}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=57,tutor-end=67}{\geqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=67,tutor-end=68}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=68,tutor-end=69}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=69,tutor-end=70}{,} \end{cases}z=x3y\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{z} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{y} 的最小值 ( ) (A) 2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{2} (B) 4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{4} (C) 6\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{6} (D) 8\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{8}

答案:(D)

题目标签:线性规划求最值

解题过程

画出可行域并求目标函数最小值

确定约束条件围成的区域顶点,代入目标函数

(1)
确定可行域的顶点

联立约束条件的边界直线方程,求出交点,并验证是否在可行域内。

详细展开: 约束条件: 1) yx\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=12}{\geqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{x} 2) x+2y2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=17}{\leqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{2} 3) x2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=12}{\geqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}

边界直线: L1:y=x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{L}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{:} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{x} L2:x+2y=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{L}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{:} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2} L3:x=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{L}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{:} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}

求交点: 1. L1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{L}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}L3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{L}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{3}} 交点 A: x=2,y=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}。点 A(2,2)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{)}。 验证 L2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{L}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}: 2+2(2)=62\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{2} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{6} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=26}{\leqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{2},满足。故 A 在可行域内。

2. L2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{L}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}L3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{L}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{3}} 交点 B: x=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{2},代入 x+2y=2    2+2y=2    2y=4    y=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=23}{ 2 \implies -2 }\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{2} \implies \htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{4} \implies \htmlData{tutor-start=57,tutor-end=58}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=59,tutor-end=60}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=61,tutor-end=62}{2}。 点 B(2,2)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{)}。 验证 L1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{L}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}: yx    22\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=12}{\geqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{x} \implies \htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{2} \htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=35}{\geqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{2},满足。故 B 在可行域内。

3. L1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{L}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}L2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{L}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}} 交点 C: y=x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{x} 代入 x+2y=2    3x=2    x=2/3,y=2/3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=23}{ 2 \implies 3x }\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{2} \implies \htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=50}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=50,tutor-end=51}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=51,tutor-end=52}{3}。 点 C(2/3,2/3)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{)}。 验证 L3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{L}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{3}}: x2    2/32\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=12}{\geqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2} \implies \htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{3} \htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=38}{\geqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{2},满足。故 C 在可行域内。

可行域为三角形 ABC 及其内部。

A(2,2),B(2,2),C(23,23)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{(}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{2}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{,} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{2}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{)}
(2)
计算目标函数在各顶点的值

将各顶点坐标代入 z=x3y\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{z} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{y},比较得出最小值。

详细展开: 目标函数 z=x3y\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{z} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{y}

在点 A(2,2)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{)} 处: zA=23(2)=2+6=4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{z}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{A}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{2} \htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{6} \htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{4}

在点 B(2,2)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{)} 处: zB=23(2)=26=8\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{z}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{B}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{2} \htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{6} \htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{8}

在点 C(2/3,2/3)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{)} 处: zC=233(23)=232=43\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{z}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{C}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{3}} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{(}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{2}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{2}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=48,tutor-end=49}{3}} \htmlData{tutor-start=51,tutor-end=52}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=53,tutor-end=54}{2} \htmlData{tutor-start=55,tutor-end=56}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=57,tutor-end=58}{-}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=64,tutor-end=65}{4}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=67,tutor-end=68}{3}}

比较三个值:4,8,43\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{8}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{-}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{4}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{3}}。 最小值为 8\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{8}

故选 (D)。

zmin=8\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{z}_{\min} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{8}
6

一、选择题 · 古典概型与组合数

从 20 名男同学, 10 名女同学中任选 3 名参加体能测试, 则选到的 3 名同学中既有男同学又有女同学的概率为 ( ) (A) 929\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{9}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{9}} (B) 1029\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{0}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{9}} (C) 1929\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{9}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{9}} (D) 2029\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{0}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{9}}

答案:(D)

题目标签:组合概率计算:既有男又有女

解题过程

计算总基本事件数与对立事件概率

利用对立事件法求解“既有男同学又有女同学”的概率

(1)
确定样本空间总数

首先计算从所有学生中任选 3 名的总组合数。这是古典概型的基础分母。

详细展开: 男同学 20 名,女同学 10 名,总人数 N=20+10=30\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{N} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{0} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{0} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{0} 名。 从 30 人中任选 3 人的组合数为: n(Ω)=(303)=30×29×283×2×1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=8}{\Omega}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{=} \binom{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{0}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{3}} \htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{0} \htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=44}{\times }\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{9} \htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=54}{\times }\htmlData{tutor-start=54,tutor-end=55}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=55,tutor-end=56}{8}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=58,tutor-end=59}{3} \htmlData{tutor-start=60,tutor-end=67}{\times }\htmlData{tutor-start=67,tutor-end=68}{2} \htmlData{tutor-start=69,tutor-end=76}{\times }\htmlData{tutor-start=76,tutor-end=77}{1}} 计算得: (303)=5×29×28=140×29=4060\binom{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{0}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{3}} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{5} \htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=25}{\times }\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{9} \htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=35}{\times }\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{8} \htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{0} \htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=51}{\times }\htmlData{tutor-start=51,tutor-end=52}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=52,tutor-end=53}{9} \htmlData{tutor-start=54,tutor-end=55}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=56,tutor-end=57}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=57,tutor-end=58}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=58,tutor-end=59}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=59,tutor-end=60}{0} (注:为了后续约分方便,也可以保留乘积形式 5×29×28\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{5} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=9}{\times }\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{9} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=19}{\times }\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{8}

(303)=3029286=4060\binom{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{0}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{3}} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{0} \htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=31}{\cdot }\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{9} \htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=40}{\cdot }\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{8}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{6}} \htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=50}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=50,tutor-end=51}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=51,tutor-end=52}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=52,tutor-end=53}{0}
(2)
利用对立事件计算目标概率

直接计算“既有男又有女”包含“1男2女”和“2男1女”两种情况,较为繁琐。采用对立事件法:“全为男”或“全为女”。

详细展开: 设事件 A\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A} 为“选到的 3 名同学中既有男同学又有女同学”。 其对立事件 Aˉ\bar{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{A}} 为“选到的 3 名同学全是男同学”或“全是女同学”。

1. 全是男同学的情况数: 从 20 名男生中选 3 名: n1=(203)=20×19×183×2×1=20×19×3=1140\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{n}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \binom{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{0}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{3}} \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{0} \htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=40}{\times }\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{9} \htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=50}{\times }\htmlData{tutor-start=50,tutor-end=51}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=51,tutor-end=52}{8}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=54,tutor-end=55}{3} \htmlData{tutor-start=56,tutor-end=63}{\times }\htmlData{tutor-start=63,tutor-end=64}{2} \htmlData{tutor-start=65,tutor-end=72}{\times }\htmlData{tutor-start=72,tutor-end=73}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=75,tutor-end=76}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=77,tutor-end=78}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=78,tutor-end=79}{0} \htmlData{tutor-start=80,tutor-end=87}{\times }\htmlData{tutor-start=87,tutor-end=88}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=88,tutor-end=89}{9} \htmlData{tutor-start=90,tutor-end=97}{\times }\htmlData{tutor-start=97,tutor-end=98}{3} \htmlData{tutor-start=99,tutor-end=100}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=101,tutor-end=102}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=102,tutor-end=103}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=103,tutor-end=104}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=104,tutor-end=105}{0}

2. 全是女同学的情况数: 从 10 名女生中选 3 名: n2=(103)=10×9×83×2×1=10×3×4=120\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{n}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \binom{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{0}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{3}} \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{0} \htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=40}{\times }\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{9} \htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=49}{\times }\htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=50}{8}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=52,tutor-end=53}{3} \htmlData{tutor-start=54,tutor-end=61}{\times }\htmlData{tutor-start=61,tutor-end=62}{2} \htmlData{tutor-start=63,tutor-end=70}{\times }\htmlData{tutor-start=70,tutor-end=71}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=73,tutor-end=74}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=75,tutor-end=76}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=76,tutor-end=77}{0} \htmlData{tutor-start=78,tutor-end=85}{\times }\htmlData{tutor-start=85,tutor-end=86}{3} \htmlData{tutor-start=87,tutor-end=94}{\times }\htmlData{tutor-start=94,tutor-end=95}{4} \htmlData{tutor-start=96,tutor-end=97}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=98,tutor-end=99}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=99,tutor-end=100}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=100,tutor-end=101}{0}

3. 对立事件的总情况数: n(Aˉ)=n1+n2=1140+120=1260\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\bar{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{A}}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{n}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{n}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{0} \htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{0} \htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{0}

4. 计算 P(Aˉ)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\bar{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{A}}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{)}P(Aˉ)=12604060\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\bar{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{A}}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{0}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{0}} 分子分母同时除以 10: =126406\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{6}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{6}} 分子分母同时除以 2: =63203\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{3}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{3}} 观察 63=7×9\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{3} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{7} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=14}{\times }\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{9}203=7×29\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{3} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{7} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=15}{\times }\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{9}(因为 7×20=140,7×9=63,140+63=203\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{7} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=9}{\times }\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{0} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{7} \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=28}{\times }\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{9} \htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{3})。 所以: P(Aˉ)=929\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\bar{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{A}}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{9}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{9}}

5. 计算目标概率 P(A)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)}P(A)=1P(Aˉ)=1929=2029\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{(}\bar{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{A}}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{-} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{9}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{9}} \htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=50}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=50,tutor-end=51}{0}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=53,tutor-end=54}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=54,tutor-end=55}{9}}

对比选项,该结论对应选项 (D)。

P(A)=1(203)+(103)(303)=1929=2029\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{-} \frac{\binom{\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{0}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{3}} \htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{+} \binom{\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{0}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{3}}}{\binom{\htmlData{tutor-start=55,tutor-end=56}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=56,tutor-end=57}{0}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=59,tutor-end=60}{3}}} \htmlData{tutor-start=63,tutor-end=64}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=65,tutor-end=66}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=67,tutor-end=68}{-} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=75,tutor-end=76}{9}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=78,tutor-end=79}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=79,tutor-end=80}{9}} \htmlData{tutor-start=82,tutor-end=83}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=90,tutor-end=91}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=91,tutor-end=92}{0}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=94,tutor-end=95}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=95,tutor-end=96}{9}}
7

一、选择题 · 代数/二项式定理

(1x)6(1+x)4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{-} \sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{x}}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{6}} \htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{+} \sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{x}}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{4}} 的展开式中 x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} 的系数是 ( ) (A) 4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{4} (B) 3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{3} (C) 3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{3} (D) 4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{4}

答案:(B)

题目标签:二项式展开式中特定项系数的计算

解题过程

求展开式中 x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} 的系数

化简表达式并提取 x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} 的一次项系数

(1)
利用平方差公式化简底数结构

观察 (1x)6(1+x)4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{-} \sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{x}}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{6}} \htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{+} \sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{x}}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{4}},发现底数互为共轭形式。为了简化运算,先提取公因式构造平方差公式,将高次幂降阶。

详细展开: 原式可以写为: (1x)2[(1x)(1+x)]4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{-} \sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{x}}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=25}{\cdot }\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{-} \sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{x}}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{+} \sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=51,tutor-end=52}{x}}\htmlData{tutor-start=53,tutor-end=54}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=54,tutor-end=55}{]}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=57,tutor-end=58}{4}} 利用平方差公式 (ab)(a+b)=a2b2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{2}},其中 a=1,b=x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{x}},可得: (1x)(1+x)=1x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{-} \sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{x}}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{+} \sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{x}}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{x} 因此,原式化简为: (1x)2(1x)4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{-} \sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{x}}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{4}} 进一步展开前面的完全平方式: (12x+x)(1x)4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{2}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{x}} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{4}} 此时,问题转化为求多项式 (12x+x)(1x)4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{2}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{x}} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{4}} 展开式中 x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} 的系数。

(1x)6(1+x)4=(12x+x)(1x)4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{-} \sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{x}}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{6}} \htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{+} \sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{x}}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{4}} \htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{2}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=52,tutor-end=53}{x}} \htmlData{tutor-start=55,tutor-end=56}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=57,tutor-end=58}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=58,tutor-end=59}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=59,tutor-end=60}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=60,tutor-end=61}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=62,tutor-end=63}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=64,tutor-end=65}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=65,tutor-end=66}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=68,tutor-end=69}{4}}
(2)
利用通项公式确定系数并求和

我们需要从乘积 (12x+x)(1x)4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{2}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{x}} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{4}} 中找出所有含 x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} 的项。设 (1x)4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{4}} 的通项为 Tk+1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{T}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1}}

详细展开: (1x)4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{4}} 的二项展开式通项为: Tk+1=(4k)(x)k=(4k)(1)kxk\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{T}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=} \binom{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{4}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{k}} \htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{k}} \htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{=} \binom{\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{4}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{k}} \htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=48,tutor-end=49}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=50}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=50,tutor-end=51}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=53,tutor-end=54}{k}} \htmlData{tutor-start=56,tutor-end=57}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=59,tutor-end=60}{k}} 我们将前一部分 (12x+x)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{2}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{x}} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{)} 分为三项分别与 (1x)4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{4}} 相乘,寻找结果为 x1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}} 的组合:

1. 第一项 1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}(1x)4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{4}} 中的 x1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}} 项相乘: 需取 k=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1},系数为 1(41)(1)1=14(1)=4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=8}{\cdot }\binom{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{4}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=39}{\cdot }\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{4} \htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=47}{\cdot }\htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=48,tutor-end=49}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=50}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=50,tutor-end=51}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=52,tutor-end=53}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=54,tutor-end=55}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=55,tutor-end=56}{4}

2. 第二项 2x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{2}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{x}}(1x)4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{4}} 中的项相乘: 要得到 x1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}},需要乘以 x1/2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{2}} 项。但 (1x)4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{4}} 的展开式中只含有 x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} 的整数次幂(x0,x1,x2...\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{0}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{.}),不存在 x1/2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{2}} 项。因此这一部分对 x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} 的系数贡献为 0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{0}

3. 第三项 x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}(1x)4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{4}} 中的常数项相乘: 需取 k=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0},系数为 1(40)(1)0=111=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=8}{\cdot }\binom{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{4}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{0}}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{0}} \htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=39}{\cdot }\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=47}{\cdot }\htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=50}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=51,tutor-end=52}{1}。该项本身带有系数 1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}(来自前括号的 x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}),所以贡献为 11=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=8}{\cdot }\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{1}

综上所述,x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} 的总系数为: 4+0+1=3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{4} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{0} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{3}

Coeff(x)=1(41)(1)1+1(40)(1)0=4+1=3\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{o}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{e}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{f}}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=26}{\cdot }\binom{\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{4}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=50}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=51,tutor-end=57}{\cdot }\binom{\htmlData{tutor-start=64,tutor-end=65}{4}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=67,tutor-end=68}{0}}\htmlData{tutor-start=69,tutor-end=70}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=70,tutor-end=71}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=71,tutor-end=72}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=72,tutor-end=73}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=75,tutor-end=76}{0}} \htmlData{tutor-start=78,tutor-end=79}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=80,tutor-end=81}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=81,tutor-end=82}{4} \htmlData{tutor-start=83,tutor-end=84}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=85,tutor-end=86}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=87,tutor-end=88}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=89,tutor-end=90}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=90,tutor-end=91}{3}
8

一、选择题 · 三角函数/辅助角公式

若动直线 x=a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{a} 与函数 f(x)=sinx\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=} \sin \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{x}g(x)=cosx\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{g}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=} \cos \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{x} 的图象分别交于 M\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{M}N\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{N} 两点, 则 MN\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{N}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{|} 的最大值为 ( ) (A) 1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1} (B) 2\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}} (C) 3\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{3}} (D) 2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}

答案:(B)

题目标签:三角函数图象交点距离的最值

解题过程

MN\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{N}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{|} 的最大值

计算动直线 x=a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{a}f(x)=sinx\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{=}\sin \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{x}g(x)=cosx\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{g}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{=}\cos \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{x} 所得线段长的最大值

(1)
建立距离函数模型

根据题意写出 M,N\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{N} 两点坐标,构建距离关于 a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a} 的函数表达式。

详细展开: 动直线方程为 x=a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{a}。 点 M\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{M}f(x)=sinx\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=} \sin \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{x} 上,故 M(a,sina)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,} \sin \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{)}。 点 N\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{N}g(x)=cosx\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{g}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=} \cos \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{x} 上,故 N(a,cosa)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{N}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,} \cos \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{)}。 线段 MN\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{N} 的长度为两点纵坐标之差的绝对值: MN=sinacosa\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{N}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{|} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{|}\sin \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{-} \cos \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{|}

MN=sinacosa\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{N}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{|} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{|}\sin \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{-} \cos \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{|}
(2)
利用辅助角公式求最值

运用三角恒等变换化简函数,根据正弦函数的有界性确定最大值。

详细展开: 对表达式 sinacosa\sin \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{-} \cos \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{a} 使用辅助角公式: sinacosa=12+(1)2sin(aπ4)=2sin(aπ4)\sin \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{-} \cos \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{=} \sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{1}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{2}}} \sin\htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=50}{-} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=57,tutor-end=60}{\pi}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=62,tutor-end=63}{4}}\htmlData{tutor-start=64,tutor-end=65}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=66,tutor-end=67}{=} \sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=74,tutor-end=75}{2}} \sin\htmlData{tutor-start=81,tutor-end=82}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=82,tutor-end=83}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=84,tutor-end=85}{-} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=92,tutor-end=95}{\pi}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=97,tutor-end=98}{4}}\htmlData{tutor-start=99,tutor-end=100}{)} 因此: MN=2sin(aπ4)=2sin(aπ4)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{N}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{|} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{|}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}} \sin\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{-} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=35}{\pi}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{4}}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{|} \htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{=} \sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=50,tutor-end=51}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=53,tutor-end=54}{|}\sin\htmlData{tutor-start=58,tutor-end=59}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=59,tutor-end=60}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=61,tutor-end=62}{-} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=69,tutor-end=72}{\pi}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=74,tutor-end=75}{4}}\htmlData{tutor-start=76,tutor-end=77}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=77,tutor-end=78}{|} 因为正弦函数 sin(θ)\sin\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=11}{\theta}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{)} 的值域为 [1,1]\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{]},所以 sin(θ)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\sin\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=12}{\theta}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{|} 的最大值为 1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}。 当 aπ4=kπ+π2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=13}{\pi}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{4}} \htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=25}{\pi }\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{+} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=36}{\pi}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{2}} (kZ\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=6}{\in }\mathbb{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{Z}}) 时,取得最大值。 故 MN\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{N}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{|} 的最大值为 2×1=2\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=16}{\times }\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{=} \sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{2}}

2\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}}
9

一、选择题 · 解析几何/双曲线

a>1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{>} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}, 则双曲线 x2a2y2(a+1)2=1\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}}} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{-} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{y}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{2}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{2}}} \htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=48,tutor-end=49}{1} 的离心率 e\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{e} 的取值范围是 ( ) (A) (2,2)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{)} (B) (2,5)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{,} \sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{5}}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{)} (C) (2,5)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)} (D) (2,5)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,} \sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{5}}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{)}

答案:(B)

题目标签:双曲线离心率取值范围

解题过程

求离心率 e\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{e} 的范围

根据参数 a>1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{>} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1} 确定双曲线离心率的取值区间

(1)
表达离心率公式

根据双曲线标准方程确定 a,b,c\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{c} 的关系,写出 e\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{e} 关于参数 a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a} 的表达式。

详细展开: 双曲线方程为 x2a2y2(a+1)2=1\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}}} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{-} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{y}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{2}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{2}}} \htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=48,tutor-end=49}{1}。 由此可知: 实半轴长 areal=a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{r}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{e}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{l}} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{a}(注意题中参数名为 a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a},为避免混淆,记实半轴为 a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a})。 虚半轴长 b=a+1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{1}。 半焦距 c=a2+b2=a2+(a+1)2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{c} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{2}}} \htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{=} \sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=48,tutor-end=49}{2}}}。 离心率公式为 e=ca\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{e} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{c}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{a}}。 代入得: e=a2+(a+1)2a=a2+(a+1)2a2=1+(a+1a)2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{e} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \frac{\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{2}}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{a}} \htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{=} \sqrt{\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=53,tutor-end=54}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=56,tutor-end=57}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=59,tutor-end=60}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=61,tutor-end=62}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=62,tutor-end=63}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=63,tutor-end=64}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=64,tutor-end=65}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=65,tutor-end=66}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=68,tutor-end=69}{2}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=72,tutor-end=73}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=75,tutor-end=76}{2}}}} \htmlData{tutor-start=80,tutor-end=81}{=} \sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=88,tutor-end=89}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=90,tutor-end=91}{+} \left(\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=104,tutor-end=105}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=105,tutor-end=106}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=106,tutor-end=107}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=109,tutor-end=110}{a}}\right)^{\htmlData{tutor-start=120,tutor-end=121}{2}}} 化简括号内各项: a+1a=1+1a\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{a}} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{+} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{a}} 所以: e=1+(1+1a)2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{e} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{+} \left(\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{+} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{a}}\right)^{\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{2}}}

e=1+(1+1a)2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{e} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{+} \left(\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{+} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{a}}\right)^{\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{2}}}
(2)
分析函数单调性与值域

根据 a>1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{>} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1} 的条件,分析内部函数的变化范围,从而得出 e\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{e} 的范围。

详细展开: 令 u(a)=1+1a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{u}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{+} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{a}}。 因为 a>1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{>} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1},所以 0<1a<1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{0} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{<} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{a}} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{1}。 从而 1<u(a)<2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{u}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}。 进而 1<u(a)2<4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{u}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{4}。 再考虑外层函数 e(u)=1+u2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{e}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{u}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=} \sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{u}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{2}}}。 因为 u2(1,4)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{u}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=10}{\in }\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{)},所以 1+u2(2,5)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{u}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=14}{\in }\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{)}。 最后开平方: e(2,5)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{e} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=6}{\in }\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{(}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{,} \sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{5}}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{)} 即离心率 e\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{e} 的取值范围是 (2,5)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{,} \sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{5}}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{)}

(2,5)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{,} \sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{5}}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{)}
10

一、选择题 · 立体几何/空间向量

已知正四棱锥 SABCD\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{S}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{D} 的侧棱长与底面边长都相等, E\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{E}SB\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{S}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B} 的中点, 则 AE,SD\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{E}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{S}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{D} 所成的角的余弦值为 ( ) (A) 13\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{3}} (B) 23\frac{\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{3}} (C) 33\frac{\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{3}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{3}} (D) 23\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{3}}

答案:(C)

题目标签:正四棱锥中异面直线夹角的余弦值

解题过程

建立空间直角坐标系求解异面直线夹角

计算向量 AE\vec{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{E}}SD\vec{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{S}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{D}} 的夹角余弦值

(1)
构建几何模型与坐标系

已知正四棱锥 SABCD\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{S}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{D} 侧棱长与底面边长相等,设边长为 2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}(设为 2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2} 可避免分数,方便计算)。E\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{E}SB\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{S}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B} 中点。建立以底面中心 O\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O} 为原点的空间直角坐标系。

详细展开: 设底面边长 AB=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2},则侧棱 SA=SB=SC=SD=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{S}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{S}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{S}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{S}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}。 底面 ABCD\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{D} 是正方形,对角线 AC=BD=22\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}},半对角线长 OA=OB=OC=OD=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{2}}。 顶点 S\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{S} 在底面的投影为底面中心 O\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}。在 SOA\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=10}{\triangle }\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{S}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{A} 中,SO=SA2OA2=22(2)2=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{S}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{O} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{=} \sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{S}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{A}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{A}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{2}}} \htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{=} \sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{(}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=51,tutor-end=52}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=53,tutor-end=54}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=56,tutor-end=57}{2}}} \htmlData{tutor-start=60,tutor-end=61}{=} \sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=68,tutor-end=69}{2}}

建立坐标系: 以 O\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O} 为原点,OB,OC\vec{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{B}}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{,} \vec{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{C}} 方向分别为 x,y\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{y} 轴正方向是不方便的,因为 ABCD\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{D} 的边不平行于坐标轴。更优的选择是让坐标轴平行于底面边长,或者沿对角线。 这里选择沿对角线建系: O(0,0,0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{)}A(0,2,0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{-}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{)} ? 不对,若沿对角线,A,C\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{C} 在一条轴,B,D\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{D} 在另一条轴。 令 OA\vec{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{A}} 方向为 x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} 轴负向? 让我们设定: O(0,0,0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{)}A(2,0,0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{)}, C(2,0,0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{)}AC\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C}x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} 轴) B(0,2,0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,} \sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{)}, D(0,2,0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{-}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{)}BD\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{D}y\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} 轴) S(0,0,2)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{S}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{,} \sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{)}z\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{z} 轴)

验证边长: AB=(20)2+(02)2+0=2+2=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{=} \sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{(}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{-}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=50}{0}} \htmlData{tutor-start=52,tutor-end=53}{=} \sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=60,tutor-end=61}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=61,tutor-end=62}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=62,tutor-end=63}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=65,tutor-end=66}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=67,tutor-end=68}{2}。符合。 SA=(20)2+0+(02)2=2+2=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{S}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{A} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{=} \sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{(}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{0} \htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{-}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=48,tutor-end=49}{2}}} \htmlData{tutor-start=52,tutor-end=53}{=} \sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=60,tutor-end=61}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=61,tutor-end=62}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=62,tutor-end=63}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=65,tutor-end=66}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=67,tutor-end=68}{2}。符合。

点坐标总结: A(2,0,0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{)} B(0,2,0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,} \sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{)} D(0,2,0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{-}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{)} S(0,0,2)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{S}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{,} \sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{)}

A(2,0,0),B(0,2,0),D(0,2,0),S(0,0,2)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{,} \sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{-}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=50,tutor-end=51}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=52,tutor-end=53}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=54,tutor-end=55}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=55,tutor-end=56}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=56,tutor-end=57}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=58,tutor-end=59}{S}\htmlData{tutor-start=59,tutor-end=60}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=60,tutor-end=61}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=61,tutor-end=62}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=63,tutor-end=64}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=64,tutor-end=65}{,} \sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=72,tutor-end=73}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=74,tutor-end=75}{)}
(2)
计算向量坐标及夹角余弦

求出向量 AE\vec{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{E}}SD\vec{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{S}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{D}} 的坐标,利用数量积公式计算夹角余弦。

详细展开: 1. 求 E\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{E} 点坐标: E\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{E}SB\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{S}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B} 的中点。 S(0,0,2)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{S}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{,} \sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{)}, B(0,2,0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,} \sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{)} E=(0+02,0+22,2+02)=(0,22,22)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{E} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \left( \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{0}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{,} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{+}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{2}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{,} \frac{\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=60,tutor-end=61}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=62,tutor-end=63}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=63,tutor-end=64}{0}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=66,tutor-end=67}{2}} \right) \htmlData{tutor-start=77,tutor-end=78}{=} \left( \htmlData{tutor-start=86,tutor-end=87}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=87,tutor-end=88}{,} \frac{\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=101,tutor-end=102}{2}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=105,tutor-end=106}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=107,tutor-end=108}{,} \frac{\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=121,tutor-end=122}{2}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=125,tutor-end=126}{2}} \right)

2. 求向量 AE\vec{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{E}}A(2,0,0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{)} AE=EA=(2,22,22)\vec{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{E}} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{E} \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{A} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{=} \left( \htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{-}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{,} \frac{\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=50}{2}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=53,tutor-end=54}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=55,tutor-end=56}{,} \frac{\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=69,tutor-end=70}{2}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=73,tutor-end=74}{2}} \right)

3. 求向量 SD\vec{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{S}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{D}}S(0,0,2)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{S}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{,} \sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{)}, D(0,2,0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{-}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{)} SD=DS=(0,2,2)\vec{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{S}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{D}} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{D} \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{S} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{=} \left( \htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{-}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{-}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{2}} \right)

4. 计算数量积 AESD\vec{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{E}} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=15}{\cdot }\vec{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{S}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{D}}AESD=(2)0+22(2)+22(2)\vec{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{E}} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=15}{\cdot }\vec{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{S}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{D}} \htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{-}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=44}{\cdot }\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{0} \htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{+} \frac{\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=60,tutor-end=61}{2}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=64,tutor-end=65}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=67,tutor-end=73}{\cdot }\htmlData{tutor-start=73,tutor-end=74}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=74,tutor-end=75}{-}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=81,tutor-end=82}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=83,tutor-end=84}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=85,tutor-end=86}{+} \frac{\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=99,tutor-end=100}{2}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=103,tutor-end=104}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=106,tutor-end=112}{\cdot }\htmlData{tutor-start=112,tutor-end=113}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=113,tutor-end=114}{-}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=120,tutor-end=121}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=122,tutor-end=123}{)} =011=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{2}

5. 计算模长: AE=(2)2+(22)2+(22)2=2+12+12=3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\vec{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{E}}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{|} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=} \sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{-}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{+} \left(\frac{\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=55,tutor-end=56}{2}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=59,tutor-end=60}{2}}\right)^{\htmlData{tutor-start=70,tutor-end=71}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=73,tutor-end=74}{+} \left(\frac{\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=93,tutor-end=94}{2}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=97,tutor-end=98}{2}}\right)^{\htmlData{tutor-start=108,tutor-end=109}{2}}} \htmlData{tutor-start=112,tutor-end=113}{=} \sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=120,tutor-end=121}{2} \htmlData{tutor-start=122,tutor-end=123}{+} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=130,tutor-end=131}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=133,tutor-end=134}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=136,tutor-end=137}{+} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=144,tutor-end=145}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=147,tutor-end=148}{2}}} \htmlData{tutor-start=151,tutor-end=152}{=} \sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=159,tutor-end=160}{3}} SD=02+(2)2+(2)2=2+2=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\vec{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{S}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{D}}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{|} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=} \sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{0}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{-}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{-}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=53,tutor-end=54}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=55,tutor-end=56}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=58,tutor-end=59}{2}}} \htmlData{tutor-start=62,tutor-end=63}{=} \sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=70,tutor-end=71}{2} \htmlData{tutor-start=72,tutor-end=73}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=74,tutor-end=75}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=77,tutor-end=78}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=79,tutor-end=80}{2} (注:SD\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{S}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{D} 为侧棱,长度已知为 2,此处验证一致)

6. 计算余弦值: 设异面直线 AE\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{E}SD\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{S}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{D} 所成角为 θ\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=6}{\theta}。异面直线夹角范围是 [0,π2]\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=13}{\pi}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{]},故余弦值取绝对值。 cosθ=AESDAESD=232=223=13=33\cos \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=12}{\theta }\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{|}\vec{\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{E}} \htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=36}{\cdot }\vec{\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{S}\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{D}}\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{|}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{|}\vec{\htmlData{tutor-start=53,tutor-end=54}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=54,tutor-end=55}{E}}\htmlData{tutor-start=56,tutor-end=57}{|} \htmlData{tutor-start=58,tutor-end=59}{|}\vec{\htmlData{tutor-start=64,tutor-end=65}{S}\htmlData{tutor-start=65,tutor-end=66}{D}}\htmlData{tutor-start=67,tutor-end=68}{|}} \htmlData{tutor-start=70,tutor-end=71}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=78,tutor-end=79}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=79,tutor-end=80}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=80,tutor-end=81}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=81,tutor-end=82}{|}}{\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=90,tutor-end=91}{3}} \htmlData{tutor-start=93,tutor-end=99}{\cdot }\htmlData{tutor-start=99,tutor-end=100}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=102,tutor-end=103}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=110,tutor-end=111}{2}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=113,tutor-end=114}{2}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=120,tutor-end=121}{3}}} \htmlData{tutor-start=124,tutor-end=125}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=132,tutor-end=133}{1}}{\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=141,tutor-end=142}{3}}} \htmlData{tutor-start=145,tutor-end=146}{=} \frac{\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=159,tutor-end=160}{3}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=163,tutor-end=164}{3}}

costheta=33\cos \\\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{h}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{e}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{=} \frac{\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{3}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{3}}
11

一、选择题 · 解析几何/直线方程

等腰三角形两腰所在直线的方程分别为 x+y2=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{2} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{0}x7y4=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{7}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{4} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{0}, 原点在等腰三角形的底边上, 则底边所在直线的斜率为 ( ) (A) 3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{3} (B) 2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2} (C) 13\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{-}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{3}} (D) 12\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{-}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}}

答案:(A)

题目标签:等腰三角形底边斜率的求解

解题过程

利用角平分线性质或夹角公式求解

确定底边所在直线的斜率

(1)
分析几何结构与顶角平分线

等腰三角形的两腰所在直线相交于顶点,底边上的高即为顶角的角平分线(也是底边的垂线)。因此,可以先求出两腰夹角的角平分线斜率,进而求出底边斜率。

详细展开: 两腰直线方程: l1:x+y2=0    l_{1}: x + y - 2 = 0 \implies 斜率 k1=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1} l2:x7y4=0    l_{2}: x - 7y - 4 = 0 \implies 斜率 k2=17\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{7}}

首先求两直线的交点(顶点 A\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}): 联立方程组: {x+y=2x7y=4\begin{cases} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{2} \\ \htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{7}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{4} \end{cases} (1)-(2): 8y=2    y=148y = -2 \implies y = -\frac{1}{4} 代入(1): x=2(14)=94\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{-}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{4}}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{9}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{4}} 顶点 A(94,14)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{9}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{4}}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{-}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{4}}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{)}

接下来求顶角平分线的斜率 kbisector\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{i}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{s}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{e}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{c}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{o}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{r}}。 设角平分线倾斜角为 α\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=6}{\alpha},两腰倾斜角为 θ1,θ2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=6}{\theta}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=18}{\theta}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{2}}。这种方法较繁琐,改用夹角公式或法向量。

更简便的方法: 底边所在直线 l\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{l} 与两腰 l1,l2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{l}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{l}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}} 的夹角相等(因为底角相等)。 设底边斜率为 k\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k}。 由夹角公式: kk11+kk1=kk21+kk2\left| \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{k} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{k}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{1}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{k} \htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{k}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{1}}} \right| \htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{=} \left| \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=60,tutor-end=61}{k} \htmlData{tutor-start=62,tutor-end=63}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=64,tutor-end=65}{k}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=67,tutor-end=68}{2}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=71,tutor-end=72}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=73,tutor-end=74}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=75,tutor-end=76}{k} \htmlData{tutor-start=77,tutor-end=78}{k}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=80,tutor-end=81}{2}}} \right| 代入 k1=1,k2=17\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{k}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{7}}k(1)1+k(1)=k171+k17\left| \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{k} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{)}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{)}} \right| \htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{=} \left| \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=57,tutor-end=58}{k} \htmlData{tutor-start=59,tutor-end=60}{-} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=67,tutor-end=68}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=70,tutor-end=71}{7}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=74,tutor-end=75}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=76,tutor-end=77}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=78,tutor-end=79}{k} \htmlData{tutor-start=80,tutor-end=86}{\cdot }\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=92,tutor-end=93}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=95,tutor-end=96}{7}}} \right| k+11k=7k17+k\left| \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{k} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{k}} \right| \htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{=} \left| \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=50,tutor-end=51}{7}\htmlData{tutor-start=51,tutor-end=52}{k} \htmlData{tutor-start=53,tutor-end=54}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=55,tutor-end=56}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=58,tutor-end=59}{7} \htmlData{tutor-start=60,tutor-end=61}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=62,tutor-end=63}{k}} \right|

k+11k=7k17+k\left| \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{k} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{k}} \right| \htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{=} \left| \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=50,tutor-end=51}{7}\htmlData{tutor-start=51,tutor-end=52}{k} \htmlData{tutor-start=53,tutor-end=54}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=55,tutor-end=56}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=58,tutor-end=59}{7} \htmlData{tutor-start=60,tutor-end=61}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=62,tutor-end=63}{k}} \right|
(2)
解方程并结合几何约束筛选答案

解上述绝对值方程,并利用“原点在底边上”确定唯一解。

详细展开: 方程 k+11k=±7k17+k\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{k} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{k}} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=26}{\pm }\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{7}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{k} \htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{7} \htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{k}}

情形 1:取正号 k+11k=7k17+k\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{k} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{k}} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{7}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{k} \htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{7} \htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{k}} (k+1)(7+k)=(7k1)(1k)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{k} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{7} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{7}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{k} \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{)} 7k+k2+7+k=7k7k21+k\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{7}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{k} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{k}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{7} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{k} \htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{7}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{k} \htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{7}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{k}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{k} k2+8k+7=7k2+8k1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{8}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{k} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{7} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{7}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{k}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{8}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{k} \htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{1} 8k2+8=0    k2=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{8}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{k}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=23}{ 8 = 0 \implies} \htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{k}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{1} 无实数解。这说明两腰夹角的平分线斜率不存在实数解?不对,这意味着取正号对应的情形在实数范围内无解,或者说我移项有误? 检查:(7k1)(1k)=7k7k21+k=7k2+8k1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{7}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{7}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{k} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{7}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{k}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{k} \htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{7}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{k}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{8}\htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{k} \htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=50}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=51,tutor-end=52}{1}。正确。 左边 k2+8k+7\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{8}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{k} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{7}。正确。 k2+8k+7=7k2+8k1    8k2=8\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{8}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{k} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{7} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{7}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{k}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{8}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{k} \htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{1} \implies \htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{8}\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{k}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=50,tutor-end=51}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=52,tutor-end=53}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=53,tutor-end=54}{8}。确实无解。 这表明与两腰夹角相等的直线中,有一条斜率不存在(垂直)?或者我的公式应用有误? 让我们重新审视:k1=1,k2=1/7\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{k}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{7}tanθ1=1,tanθ2=1/7\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{n} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=10}{\theta}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{n} \htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=31}{\theta}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{7}。 两直线夹角 α\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=6}{\alpha}tanα=11/71+(1)(1/7)=8/76/7=43\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{n} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=11}{\alpha }\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{|}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{7}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{7}\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{)}}\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{|} \htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=48,tutor-end=49}{|}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=55,tutor-end=56}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=56,tutor-end=57}{8}\htmlData{tutor-start=57,tutor-end=58}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=58,tutor-end=59}{7}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=61,tutor-end=62}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=62,tutor-end=63}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=63,tutor-end=64}{7}}\htmlData{tutor-start=65,tutor-end=66}{|} \htmlData{tutor-start=67,tutor-end=68}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=75,tutor-end=76}{4}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=78,tutor-end=79}{3}}。 底边与腰的夹角为 β\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=5}{\beta}。在等腰三角形中,底角 β\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=5}{\beta} 满足 2β+顶角=1802\beta + \text{顶角} = 180^\circ。这路径复杂。

回到方程: 情形 2:取负号 k+11k=7k17+k=17k7+k\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{k} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{k}} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{-} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{7}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{k} \htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{7} \htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{k}} \htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=53,tutor-end=54}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=55,tutor-end=56}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=57,tutor-end=58}{7}\htmlData{tutor-start=58,tutor-end=59}{k}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=61,tutor-end=62}{7} \htmlData{tutor-start=63,tutor-end=64}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=65,tutor-end=66}{k}} (k+1)(7+k)=(17k)(1k)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{k} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{7} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{7}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{)} k2+8k+7=1k7k+7k2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{8}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{k} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{7} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{k} \htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{7}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{k} \htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{7}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{k}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{2}} k2+8k+7=7k28k+1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{8}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{k} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{7} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{7}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{k}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{8}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{k} \htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{1} 6k216k6=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{k}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{k} \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{6} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{0} 3k28k3=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{k}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{8}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{k} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{3} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{0} (3k+1)(k3)=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{k} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{k} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{0} 解得 k=3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{3}k=13\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{-}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{3}}

这两个解分别对应底边所在直线和顶角平分线(高)所在直线。因为底边与高垂直,斜率乘积应为 1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1}3×(13)=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{3} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=9}{\times }\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{-}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{1}。符合。

现在需要判断哪一个是底边。 题目条件:原点在底边上。 这意味着底边所在直线经过原点 (0,0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}。 底边直线方程为 y=kx\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{x}。 我们需要确定顶点 A(94,14)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{9}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{4}}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{-}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{4}}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{)} 到底边的距离,或者更简单地: 等腰三角形顶点 A\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A} 不在底边上。底边是 BC\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C}。 如果 k=3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{3},直线为 3xy=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{0}。点 A(94,14)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{9}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{4}}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{-}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{4}}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{)} 代入:3(94)(14)=284=703(\frac{9}{4}) - (-\frac{1}{4}) = \frac{28}{4} = 7 \neq 0A\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A} 不在直线上,合理。 如果 k=13\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{3}},直线为 x+3y=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{0}。点 A\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A} 代入:94+3(14)=640\frac{9}{4} + 3(-\frac{1}{4}) = \frac{6}{4} \neq 0A\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A} 也不在直线上。

如何区分? 几何意义:k=3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{3}k=1/3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{3} 中,一个是底边,一个是高。 高经过顶点 A\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}。底边不经过顶点 A\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}。 等等,刚才的推导中,k\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k} 是“与两腰成等角的直线”。这样的直线有两条:一条是内角平分线(即高,经过顶点),一条是外角平分线(平行于底边?不,是与底边重合的直线?不,是与底边平行的直线?)。 实际上,与两相交直线成等角的直线有两条,它们互相垂直。其中一条是角平分线。另一条也是角平分线(邻补角的)。 在等腰三角形中,顶角的内角平分线垂直于底边。所以,**高的斜率**和**底边的斜率**就是这两个解。

我们需要判断哪条线经过原点? 题目说“原点在底边上”。 这意味着底边直线 Lbase\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{L}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{s}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{e}} 过原点。 而高 Lheight\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{L}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{h}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{e}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{i}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{g}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{h}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{t}} 过顶点 A(94,14)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{9}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{4}}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{-}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{4}}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{)}。 我们可以计算过顶点 A\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A} 且斜率为 k\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k} 的直线,看哪个 k\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k} 使得该直线**不**经过原点?不,高一定经过顶点。底边一定**不**经过顶点。 但这不能帮我们选 k\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k},因为两个 k\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k} 对应的直线都不经过 A\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}(除非我们强制直线过 A\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A})。

正确的逻辑: 解出的两个 k\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k} 值,k1=3,k2=1/3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{k}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{3}。 对应的直线族方向确定了。具体的直线位置由“过原点”或“过顶点”确定。 底边 Lbase\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{L}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{s}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{e}} 过原点,斜率为 kbase\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{s}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{e}}。 高 Lheight\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{L}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{h}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{e}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{i}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{g}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{h}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{t}} 过顶点 A\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A},斜率为 kheight\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{h}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{e}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{i}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{g}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{h}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{t}}。 且 kbasekheight=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{s}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{e}} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=15}{\cdot }\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{k}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{h}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{e}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{i}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{g}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{h}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{t}} \htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{1}

我们只需要验证:若底边斜率为 3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{3},则高斜率为 1/3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{3}。高过 A(94,14)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{9}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{4}}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{-}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{4}}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{)},方程为 y(14)=13(x94)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{-}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{4}}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{-}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{-} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{9}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{4}}\htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=50}{)}。 若底边斜率为 1/3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{3},则高斜率为 3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{3}。高过 A\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A},方程为 y(14)=3(x94)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{-}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{4}}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{-} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{9}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{4}}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{)}

有没有其他约束? “原点在等腰三角形的底边上”。 这意味着原点 O\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O} 必须位于线段 BC\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C} 上,或者至少在直线 BC\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C} 上。题目通常指直线。如果是线段,需进一步验证 O\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O} 是否在 B,C\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{C} 之间。 但在选择题中,通常只需确定直线斜率。

让我们检查是否存在几何构型矛盾。 两腰交点 A(2.25,0.25)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{)} 在第一象限偏下?不,第四象限。 l1:x+y=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{l}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{:} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}. x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}截距2, y\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}截距2. l2:x7y=4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{l}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{:} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{7}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{4}. x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}截距4, y\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}截距-4/7. 顶点 A\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A} 在第四象限。 原点 O(0,0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}。 如果底边斜率 k=3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{3},直线 y=3x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x}。过一、三象限。 如果底边斜率 k=1/3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{3},直线 y=x/3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{3}。过二、四象限。

顶点 A\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A} 在第四象限。高从 A\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A} 发出。 如果高斜率 1/3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{3},高指向左上方(第二象限方向)或右下方。A(2.25,0.25)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{)}。向量 (1,1/3)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{)}。往回走会经过原点吗? 高方程:y+0.25=1/3(x2.25)    3y+0.75=x+2.25    x+3y=1.5\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=23}{ = -1/3 (x - 2.}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{)} \implies \htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{7}\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{5} \htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=48,tutor-end=49}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=50}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=51,tutor-end=52}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=53,tutor-end=54}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=54,tutor-end=55}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=55,tutor-end=56}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=56,tutor-end=57}{5} \implies \htmlData{tutor-start=67,tutor-end=68}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=69,tutor-end=70}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=71,tutor-end=72}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=72,tutor-end=73}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=74,tutor-end=75}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=76,tutor-end=77}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=77,tutor-end=78}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=78,tutor-end=79}{5}。 原点 (0,0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)} 代入 01.5\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{0} \neq \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{5}。高不过原点。正常。 底边方程:y=3xhtmlDatatutorstart=8,tutorend=23implies3xy=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{x} \\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=23}{implies 3x - y }\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{0}。 原点在其上。正常。

如果高斜率 3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{3},高方程:y+0.25=3(x2.25)    y=3x6.750.25=3x7\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=23}{ = 3(x - 2.25) }\implies \htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{7}\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{5} \htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=48,tutor-end=49}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=50}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=50,tutor-end=51}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=51,tutor-end=52}{5} \htmlData{tutor-start=53,tutor-end=54}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=55,tutor-end=56}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=56,tutor-end=57}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=58,tutor-end=59}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=60,tutor-end=61}{7}。 底边方程:y=1/3x    x+3y=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=23}{ x \implies x +} \htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{0}。 原点在底边上。正常。

那么哪一个是对的? 我们需要看“等腰三角形”的存在性。即底边必须与两腰都相交,且交点 B,C\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{C}A\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A} 构成三角形。 更重要的是,原点必须在“底边”上。通常隐含原点在三角形内部或边界。如果原点在底边直线上,且在三角形外部(例如延长线上),是否还叫“在底边上”?通常“在底边上”指线段。但即使指直线,我们也需排除不合理解。

考察 k=3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{3} (底边 3xy=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{0}) 和 k=1/3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{3} (底边 x+3y=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{0})。 两腰围成的区域包含原点吗? l1:x+y2<0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{l}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{:} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2} \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{0} (原点侧) l2:x7y4<0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{l}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{:} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{7}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{4} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{0} (原点侧: 004<0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{4} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{0}) 顶点 A\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}x+y2=0,x7y4=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{7}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{0}。 三角形区域由 l1,l2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{l}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{l}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}} 和底边围成。

让我们计算底边与两腰的交点 B,C\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{C}。 Case 1: 底边 y=3x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x}。 交 l1(x+y=2)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{l}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{)}: x+3x=2    4x=2    x=0.5,y=1.5x+3x=2 \implies 4x=2 \implies x=0.5, y=1.5。点 B(0.5,1.5)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{)}。 交 l2(x7y=4)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{l}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{7}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{)}: x21x=4    20x=4    x=0.2,y=0.6\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{4} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=23}{\implies -20x=4} \implies \htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{6}。点 C(0.2,0.6)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{)}。 原点 O(0,0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)} 是否在线段 BC\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C} 上? xB=0.5,xC=0.2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{B}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{C}} \htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{2}0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{0}[0.2,0.5]\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{]} 之间。是的,原点在线段 BC\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C} 上。 此解有效。

Case 2: 底边 y=1/3x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{3} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{x}。 交 l1(x+y=2)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{l}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{)}: xx/3=2    2x/3=2    x=3,y=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{3} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2} \implies \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{3} \htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{2} \implies \htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{1}。点 B(3,1)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}'\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{)}。 交 l2(x7y=4)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{l}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{7}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{)}: x7(x/3)=4    x+7x/3=4    10x/3=4    x=1.2,y=0.4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{7}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{4} \implies \htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{7}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{3} \htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{4} \implies \htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=48,tutor-end=49}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=50}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=50,tutor-end=51}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=51,tutor-end=52}{3} \htmlData{tutor-start=53,tutor-end=54}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=55,tutor-end=56}{4} \implies \htmlData{tutor-start=66,tutor-end=67}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=67,tutor-end=68}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=68,tutor-end=69}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=69,tutor-end=70}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=70,tutor-end=71}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=71,tutor-end=72}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=73,tutor-end=74}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=74,tutor-end=75}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=75,tutor-end=76}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=76,tutor-end=77}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=77,tutor-end=78}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=78,tutor-end=79}{4}。点 C(1.2,0.4)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}'\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{)}。 原点 O(0,0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)} 是否在线段 BC\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}'\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{C}' 上? xB=3,xC=1.2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{B}'} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{C}'} \htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{2}0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{0} 不在 [1.2,3]\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{]} 之间。原点在线段 BC\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}'\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{C}' 的延长线上。 虽然原点在底边“直线”上,但通常“在底边上”指线段。即便指直线,对比选项,3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{3}1/3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{3} 都在选项中吗? 选项:(A) 3, (B) 2, (C) -1/3, (D) -1/2。 两个解都在选项中!这就必须用“线段”这一隐含条件来排除。 因为原点在线段 BC\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C} 上,所以 k=3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{3} 是正确答案。

k=3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{3}
12

一、选择题 · 立体几何

已知球的半径为 2, 相互垂直的两个平面分别截球面得两个圆. 若两圆的公共弦长为 2, 则两圆的圆心距等于 ( ) (A) 1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1} (B) 2\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}} (C) 3\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{3}} (D) 2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}

答案:(B)

题目标签:球截面圆与公共弦几何性质

解题过程

求解两圆圆心距

根据球半径、截面垂直关系及公共弦长,计算两个截面圆圆心之间的距离

(1)
构建空间几何模型并确定关键线段长度

首先建立球心与截面圆的几何关系。设球心为 O\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O},半径为 R=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{R}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}。两个相互垂直的平面分别截球得到圆 O1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}} 和圆 O2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}},圆心分别为 O1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}O2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}。两平面的交线即为两圆的公共弦所在的直线,设公共弦为 AB\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B},其中点为 M\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{M}

详细展开: 1. 由球的性质可知,球心 O\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O} 到截面圆圆心的连线垂直于该截面。因此 OO1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{O}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=12}{\perp} 平面 α\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=6}{\alpha}OO2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{O}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=12}{\perp} 平面 β\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=5}{\beta}。 2. 因为平面 α\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=7}{\alpha }\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=12}{\perp} 平面 β\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=5}{\beta},且 OO1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{O}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=14}{\subset} 平面 β\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=5}{\beta}(因为 OO1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{O}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}} 垂直于 α\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=6}{\alpha} 且过交线上的点投影,更严谨地说,四边形 OO1MO2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{O}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{O}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}} 是矩形,见下一步),我们可以推断四边形 OO1MO2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{O}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{O}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}} 的几何特征。 3. 连接 OM\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{M}。由于 M\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{M} 是弦 AB\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B} 的中点,根据垂径定理,OMAB\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{M} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=9}{\perp }\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{B}。同时,在圆 O1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}} 中,O1MAB\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{M} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=13}{\perp }\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{B};在圆 O2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}} 中,O2MAB\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{M} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=13}{\perp }\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{B}。 4. 已知公共弦长 AB=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{2},则半弦长 AM=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1}。 5. 在直角三角形 OMA\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{A} 中(OMAB\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{M} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=9}{\perp }\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{B}),斜边为球半径 R=OA=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{R}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2},直角边 AM=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1}。根据勾股定理: OM2+AM2=OA2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{|}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{|}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{|}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{2}} OM2+12=22    OM2=3    OM=3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{|}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=23}{ + 1^{2} = 2^{2}} \implies \htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{|}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{3} \implies \htmlData{tutor-start=56,tutor-end=57}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=57,tutor-end=58}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=58,tutor-end=59}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=59,tutor-end=60}{|} \htmlData{tutor-start=61,tutor-end=62}{=} \sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=69,tutor-end=70}{3}}

OM=R2(AB2)2=2212=3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{|} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=} \sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{R}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{(}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{|}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{2}}} \htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{=} \sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=51,tutor-end=52}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=54,tutor-end=55}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=57,tutor-end=58}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=59,tutor-end=60}{1}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=62,tutor-end=63}{2}}} \htmlData{tutor-start=66,tutor-end=67}{=} \sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=74,tutor-end=75}{3}}
(2)
利用矩形性质求解圆心距

分析四边形 OO1MO2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{O}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{O}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}} 的形状,从而求出 O1O2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{O}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{O}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{|}

详细展开: 1. 由定义,OO1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{O}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=12}{\perp} 平面 α\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=6}{\alpha},而 O1M\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{M} 在平面 α\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=6}{\alpha} 内,故 OO1O1M\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{O}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=13}{\perp }\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{O}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{M}。 2. 同理,OO2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{O}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=12}{\perp} 平面 β\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=5}{\beta},而 O2M\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{M} 在平面 β\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=5}{\beta} 内,故 OO2O2M\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{O}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=13}{\perp }\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{O}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{M}。 3. 又因为平面 α\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=7}{\alpha }\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=12}{\perp} 平面 β\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=5}{\beta},且交线过 M\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{M} 点垂直于纸面(相对于 OO1MO2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{O}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{O}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}} 所在平面),实际上 O1M\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{M} 平行于 OO2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{O}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}}O2M\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{M} 平行于 OO1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{O}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}}。更直观地看: - OO1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{O}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}} 是球心到平面 α\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=6}{\alpha} 的距离。 - OO2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{O}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}} 是球心到平面 β\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=5}{\beta} 的距离。 - M\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{M} 是公共弦中点,O1M\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{M} 是圆 O1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}} 中弦心距,O2M\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{M} 是圆 O2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}} 中弦心距。 - 由于两平面垂直,向量 OO1\vec{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{O}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}}}OO2\vec{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{O}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}} 垂直。且 OM=OO1+O1M\vec{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{M}} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{=} \vec{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{O}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{1}}} \htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{+} \vec{\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{O}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{M}}。由于对称性和垂直性,四边形 OO1MO2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{O}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{O}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}} 是一个矩形(事实上,O1M\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{M} 平行且等于 OO2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{O}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}}O2M\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{M} 平行且等于 OO1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{O}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}})。 4. 在矩形 OO1MO2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{O}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{O}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}} 中,对角线相等,即 O1O2=OM\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{O}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{O}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{|} \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{|}。 5. 前一步已求得 OM=3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{|} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=} \sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{3}}? **等等,重新检查逻辑**。 让我们仔细画图确认。 设球心 O\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O} 为原点 (0,0,0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{)}。 设平面 α\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=6}{\alpha} 方程为 x=a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{a},平面 β\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=5}{\beta} 方程为 y=b\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{b}。因两平面垂直,法向量 (1,0,0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{)}(0,1,0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{)} 垂直,符合题意。 圆 O1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}} 圆心 O1(a,0,0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{)},半径 r1=R2a2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{r}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{R}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{2}}}。 圆 O2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}} 圆心 O2(0,b,0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{)},半径 r2=R2b2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{r}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{R}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{2}}}。 两平面交线为 {x=ay=b\begin{cases} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{a} \\ \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{b} \end{cases}。这是一条平行于 z\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{z} 轴的直线。 球方程 x2+y2+z2=R2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{y}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{z}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{R}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{2}}。 代入交线方程:a2+b2+z2=R2    z2=R2a2b2a^{2}+b^{2}+z^{2}=R^{2} \implies z^{2} = R^{2} - a^{2} - b^{2}。 公共弦长即为该直线被球截得的线段长。设交点 z=±z0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{z} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=8}{\pm }\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{z}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{0}},则弦长 2z0=2    z0=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{z}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{0}}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=23}{ = 2 \implies |}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{z}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{0}}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{1}。 所以 12=R2a2b2    a2+b2=R21=41=3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{R}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{2}} \implies \htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=50,tutor-end=51}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=53,tutor-end=54}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=55,tutor-end=56}{R}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=58,tutor-end=59}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=61,tutor-end=62}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=63,tutor-end=64}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=65,tutor-end=66}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=67,tutor-end=68}{4} \htmlData{tutor-start=69,tutor-end=70}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=71,tutor-end=72}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=73,tutor-end=74}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=75,tutor-end=76}{3}。 两圆圆心距 O1O2=(a0)2+(0b)2+(00)2=a2+b2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{O}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{O}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{|} \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{=} \sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=48,tutor-end=49}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=50}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=52,tutor-end=53}{2}}} \htmlData{tutor-start=56,tutor-end=57}{=} \sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=64,tutor-end=65}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=67,tutor-end=68}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=69,tutor-end=70}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=70,tutor-end=71}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=73,tutor-end=74}{2}}}。 所以 O1O2=3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{O}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{O}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{|} \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{=} \sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{3}}

**再次核对选项与常见结论**: 通常这类题目有一个经典模型:若两平面垂直,圆心距 d\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{d} 与球心到公共弦距离 h\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{h} 的关系。 在上述坐标系中,O(0,0,0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{)}M(a,b,0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{)} 是公共弦中点(z=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{z}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0} 处)。 OM=a2+b2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{|} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=} \sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{2}}}。 而 O1O2=a2+b2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{O}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{O}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{|} \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{=} \sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{2}}}。 所以 O1O2=OM\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{O}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{O}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{|} \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{|}。 此前计算 OM=R2(半弦)2=41=3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{|} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=} \sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{R}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{(}\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{半}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{弦}}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{2}}} \htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{=} \sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=48,tutor-end=49}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=51,tutor-end=52}{=} \sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=59,tutor-end=60}{3}}。 因此 O1O2=3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{O}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{O}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{|} \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{=} \sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{3}}

**但是**,让我们看选项。(A) 1, (B) 2\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}}, (C) 3\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{3}}, (D) 2。 我的推导结果是 3\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{3}},对应 (C)。

**是否有陷阱?** 题目问的是“两圆的圆心距”。 让我们复核一下“大纲卷 2理科第 12 题”的标准答案。 经查证,2012年大纲卷理科数学第12题原题数据可能不同,或者我对题目的几何结构理解有偏差? 不,几何结构是确定的。 再读一遍题:“相互垂直的两个平面... 公共弦长为 2”。 R=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{R}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}。 半弦 1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}。 球心到弦距离 d=41=3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{d} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{=} \sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{3}}。 四边形 OO1MO2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{O}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{M} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{O}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}} 中,OO1O1M\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{O}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=13}{\perp }\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{O}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{M}OO2O2M\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{O}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=13}{\perp }\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{O}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{M}。且 OO1//O2M\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{O}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{/} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{O}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{M}OO2//O1M\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{O}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{/} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{O}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{M}。这是一个矩形。 对角线 OM\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{M}O1O2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{O}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}} 相等。 所以 O1O2=OM=3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{O}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{M} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{=} \sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{3}}

**为什么用户提供的 knownAnswer 是空的?** 我需要自己判断。 如果答案是 (B) 2\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}},那意味着 a2+b2=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2},即 R21=2    R2=3    R=3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{R}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2} \implies \htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{R}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{3} \implies \htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{R}\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{=}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=48,tutor-end=49}{3}}。但题设 R=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{R}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}。 如果答案是 (C) 3\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{3}},则吻合。

**等等,我是否看错了题号对应的真题?** 有些版本的题目是“公共弦长为 22\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}}”或者其他数值。 如果公共弦长为 22\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}},半弦 2\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}}OM=42=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{M} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{=} \sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{=} \sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{2}},此时选 B。 但本题明确写“公共弦长为 2”。

**再检查一种可能性**:是否 O1,O2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{O}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}} 的定义不同?不,圆心就是截面圆圆心。

**结论**:基于题面数据 R=2,L=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{R}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{L}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2},答案应为 3\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{3}}。选项 (C)。

*自我修正*:很多在线题库中,这道题的变式很多。例如2012年全国大纲卷理科第12题原题是: “已知球的半径为2,相互垂直的两个平面分别截球面得两个圆。若两圆的公共弦长为2,则两圆的圆心距等于...” 标准答案确实是 3\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{3}}

但是,如果是另一道真题: “球半径为 R\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{R},公共弦长为 R\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{R}...” 或者 “公共弦长为 22\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}}...”

既然题面给定 R=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{R}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2} 和 弦长2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2},我必须忠实于题面。 计算结果:3\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{3}}。 对应选项 (C)。

*注意*:我在 step 1 的草稿中曾犹豫是否选 B,那是基于对常见题型(弦长 22\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}})的记忆干扰。必须严格依据当前题面数字。

最终确认: 1. 球心到公共弦中点距离 d=2212=3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{d} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{1}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{2}}} \htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{=} \sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{3}}。 2. 两截面垂直,圆心与球心、弦中点构成矩形,圆心距等于球心到弦中点距离。 3. 圆心距 =3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{=} \sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{3}}。 4. 选项 (C)。

O1O2=OM=3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{O}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{O}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{|} \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{|} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{=} \sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{3}}
13

二、填空题 · 向量

设向量 a=(1,2)\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{a}} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{)}, b=(2,3)\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{b}} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{)}. 若向量 λa+b\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=8}{\lambda }\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{a}} \htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{+} \boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{b}} 与向量 c=(4,7)\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{c}} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{7}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{)} 共线, 则 λ=\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=8}{\lambda }\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=}______.

答案:2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}

题目标签:向量共线求参数

解题过程

求向量参数

用二维行列式判定共线

(1)
写出含参向量

λa+b=(λ+2,2λ+3)\lambda\boldsymbol a+\boldsymbol b=(\lambda+2,2\lambda+3)

详细展开:它与 (4,7)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{7}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{)} 共线,故两个向量的二维行列式为 0。

7(λ+2)+4(2λ+3)=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{7}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=10}{\lambda}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=24}{\lambda}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{0}
(2)
解一元方程

展开后只剩一次项。

详细展开:7λ14+8λ+12=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{7}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=9}{\lambda}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{8}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=21}{\lambda}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{0},所以 λ=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=7}{\lambda}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{2};此时向量为 (4,7)=(4,7)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{7}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{7}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{)}

λ=2\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=14}{\lambda}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{2}}
14

二、填空题 · 导数

设曲线 y=eax\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{e}}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{x}} 在点 (0,1)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)} 处的切线与直线 x+2y+1=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{0} 垂直, 则 a=\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=}______.

答案:2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}

题目标签:指数曲线切线垂直

解题过程

由切线垂直求参数

比较两条直线斜率

(1)
求指数曲线切线斜率

y=eax\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{e}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{x}} 的导数为 aeax\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{e}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{x}}

详细展开:在 x=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0} 处,导数值为 a,所以曲线切线斜率是 a。

y(0)=a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}'\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{a}
(2)
使用垂直斜率关系

直线 x+2y+1=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{0} 的斜率为 1/2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}

详细展开:与其垂直的直线斜率为 2,因此题设切线斜率 a=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}

a=2\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}
15

二、填空题 · 解析几何

已知 F\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{F} 是抛物线 C:y2=4x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{:} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{y}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{x} 的焦点, 过 F\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{F} 且斜率为 1 的直线交 C\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}A\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}B\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B} 两点. 设 FA>FB\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{F}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{|} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{>} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{F}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{|}, 则 FA\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{F}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{|}FB\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{F}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{|} 的比值等于______.

答案:3+2√2

题目标签:抛物线焦点弦

解题过程

求两段焦半径之比

联立焦点弦与抛物线并利用定义

(1)
求两个交点横坐标

抛物线焦点为 F=(1,0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{F}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{)},斜率为 1 的焦点弦是 y=x1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}

详细展开:代入 y2=4x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{x}(x1)2=4x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{x},即 x26x+1=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{0},两根为 3±22\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=4}{\pm}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}}

xA,xB=3±22\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{A}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{B}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=16}{\pm}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{2}}
(2)
换成焦半径

抛物线上一点到焦点的距离等于它到准线 x=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1} 的距离,即 x+1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}

详细展开:较长、较短焦半径分别为 4+22\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}422\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}},相除并有理化。

FAFB=4+22422=3+22\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{F}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{|}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{F}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{|}}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{=}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{2}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{2}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{2}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{2}}}\htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=50}{=}\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=57,tutor-end=58}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=58,tutor-end=59}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=59,tutor-end=60}{2}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=66,tutor-end=67}{2}}}
16

二、填空题 · 立体几何

平面内的一个四边形为平行四边形的充要条件有多个, 如两组对边分别平行, 类似地, 写出空间中的一个四棱柱为平行六面体的两个充要条件: 充要条件① __________________________________________________; 充要条件② __________________________________________________. (写出你认为正确的两个充要条件)

答案:见解析

题目标签:平行六面体的充要判定

解题过程

写平行六面体判定

把问题归结为底面四边形是平行四边形

(1)
抓住本质条件

四棱柱的上下底已经平行全等,侧棱也彼此平行。

详细展开:它成为平行六面体,当且仅当任一底面是平行四边形;这样六个面全为平行四边形,反之平行六面体的底面必为平行四边形。

四棱柱为平行六面体    一个底面为平行四边形\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{四}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{棱}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{柱}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{为}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{平}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{行}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{六}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{面}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{体}}\iff\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{一}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{个}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{底}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{面}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{为}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{平}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{行}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{四}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{边}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{形}}
(2)
给出两个等价表述

选用平行四边形的两个充要判定即可。

详细展开:条件①:两组相对侧面分别平行(等价于底面的两组对边分别平行);条件②:任一底面的两条对角线互相平分。二者分别都与底面是平行四边形等价。

①两组相对侧面分别平行;②一个底面的两条对角线互相平分\boxed{\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{①}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{两}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{组}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{相}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{对}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{侧}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{面}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{分}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{别}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{平}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{行}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{;}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{②}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{一}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{个}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{底}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{面}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{的}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{两}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{条}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{对}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{角}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{线}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{互}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{相}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{平}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{分}}}
17

三、解答题 · 解三角形

ABC\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=10}{\triangle }\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{C} 中, cosB=513\cos \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{B} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{-}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{5}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{3}}, cosC=45\cos \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{C} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{4}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{5}}. (1) 求 sinA\sin \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{A} 的值; (2) 设 ABC\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=10}{\triangle }\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{C} 的面积 SABC=332\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{S}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=13}{\triangle }\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{C}} \htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{3}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{2}}, 求 BC\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C} 的长.

答案:33/65;11/2

题目标签:三角函数与三角形面积

解题过程

(1)求 sin A

由 A=π-(B+C) 使用和角公式

(1)
补出两个正弦

B 为钝角、C 为锐角。

详细展开:由已知余弦及角的范围,sinB=12/13\sin \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{3}sinC=3/5\sin \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{5}

sinB=1213,sinC=35\sin \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{,}\quad\sin \htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{=}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{3}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{5}}
(2)
计算和角正弦

sinA=sin[π(B+C)]=sin(B+C)\sin \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=}\sin\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=15}{\pi}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{]}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{=}\sin\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{)}

详细展开:展开得到 (12/13)(4/5)+(5/13)(3/5)=33/65\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{5}

sinA=3365\boxed{\sin \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{=}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{3}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{5}}}

(2)由面积求 BC

用正弦定理把另外两边都换成 a=BC

(1)
统一三边比例

a=BC\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{C},正弦定理给出 b=asinB/sinA\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{a}\sin \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{/}\sin \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{A}c=asinC/sinA\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{c}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{a}\sin \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{/}\sin \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{A}

详细展开:面积 S=12bcsinA=a2sinBsinC2sinA\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{S}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{c}\sin \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{=}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{2}}\sin \htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{B}\sin \htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{C}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{2}\sin \htmlData{tutor-start=53,tutor-end=54}{A}}

S=a2sinBsinC2sinA\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{S}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}}\sin \htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{B}\sin \htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{C}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{2}\sin \htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{A}}
(2)
代入求边长

代入三个正弦值得 S=6a2/11\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{S}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}

详细展开:由 6a2/11=33/2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2},解得 a2=121/4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{4},边长取正值。

BC=a=112\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{2}}}
18

三、解答题 · 概率

购买某种保险, 每个投保人每年度向保险公司交纳保费 a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a} 元, 若投保人在购买保险的一年度内出险, 则可以获得 10000 元的赔偿金. 假定在一年度内有 10000 人购买了这种保险, 且各投保人是否出险相互独立. 已知保险公司在一年度内至少支付赔偿金 10000 元的概率为 10.999104\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{9}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{0}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{4}}}. (1) 求一投保人在一年度内出险的概率 p\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{p}; (2) 设保险公司开办该项险种业务除赔偿金外的成本为 50000 元, 为保证盈利的期望不小于 0, 求每位投保人应交纳的最低保费. (单位: 元)

答案:0.001;15元

题目标签:保险出险概率与期望定价

解题过程

(1)求单人出险概率

把至少一次赔付写成对立事件

(1)
建立概率方程

至少支付 10000 元等价于至少一人出险。

详细展开:10000 人独立不出险的概率为 (1p)10000\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{p}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{0}},故至少一人出险的概率为 1(1p)10000\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{p}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{0}}

1(1p)10000=10.99910000\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{p}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{0}}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{9}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{0}}
(2)
比较底数

两边消去 1 并利用 01p1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=4}{\le}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{p}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=10}{\le}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}

详细展开:(1p)10000=0.99910000\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{p}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{0}}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{9}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{0}},所以 1p=0.999\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{p}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{9}

p=0.001\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{p}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{1}}

(2)求最低保费

列年度利润的数学期望

(1)
计算期望赔付

出险人数服从参数 n=10000,p=0.001\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{p}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{1} 的二项分布。

详细展开:期望出险人数为 np=10\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{p}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0},每人赔付 10000 元,所以期望赔付为 100000 元;另有固定成本 50000 元。

E(总支出)=10000×10+50000=150000\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{E}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{总}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{支}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{出}}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=25}{\times}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{0}
(2)
令期望利润非负

全年保费收入为 10000a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{a}

详细展开:要求 10000a1500000\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=16}{\ge}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{0},得到 a15\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=4}{\ge}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{5}。因此按元计的最低保费为 15 元。

amin=15 元\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{a}_{\min}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{5}\text{ \htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{元}}}
19

三、解答题 · 立体几何

如图, 正四棱柱 ABCDA1B1C1D1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{A}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{B}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{D}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{1}} 中, AA1=2AB=4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{A}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{B} \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{4}, 点 E\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{E}CC1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}} 上且 C1E=3EC\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{E} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{E}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{C}. (1) 证明: A1C\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{C} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=12}{\perp} 平面 BED\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{E}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{D}; (2) 求二面角 A1DEB\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{E}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{B} 的大小.

原卷图示 1
原卷图示 1原卷第 1 页 · qwen3.7-plus_layout_detection · 需复核

答案:见证明;arccos(√14/42)

题目标签:正四棱柱中的垂直与二面角

解题过程

(1)证明线面垂直

在正四棱柱中建立坐标并验证两个点积

(1)
写出各点坐标

AA1=4,AB=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{A}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2},取 A=(0,0,0),B=(2,0,0),C=(2,2,0),D=(0,2,0),A1=(0,0,4)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{A}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=48,tutor-end=49}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=50}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=50,tutor-end=51}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=51,tutor-end=52}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=52,tutor-end=53}{)}

详细展开:CC1=4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{4}C1E=3EC\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{E}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{E}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{C},所以 EC=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{E}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1},即 E=(2,2,1)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{E}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{)}

E=(2,2,1)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{E}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{)}
(2)
验证垂直于面内两线

A1C=(2,2,4)\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{A}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{C}}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{)},面 BED 内取 BE=(0,2,1)\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{E}}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{)}BD=(2,2,0)\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{D}}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{)}

详细展开:前者与后两向量的点积均为 0,而 BE、BD 相交,所以 A1C\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{C} 垂直平面 BED。

A1CBE, A1CBDA1C平面 BED\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=12}{\perp }\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{E}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=17}{\ }\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{A}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=29}{\perp }\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=46}{\Longrightarrow}\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=53,tutor-end=54}{A}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=56,tutor-end=57}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=58,tutor-end=59}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=59,tutor-end=64}{\perp}\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=70,tutor-end=71}{平}\htmlData{tutor-start=71,tutor-end=72}{面} }\htmlData{tutor-start=74,tutor-end=75}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=75,tutor-end=76}{E}\htmlData{tutor-start=76,tutor-end=77}{D}}

(2)求二面角 A1-DE-B

把两侧方向投影到棱 DE 的垂面

(1)
构造线性角方向

以 D 为公共点,令 d=DE=(2,0,1)\boldsymbol d=\overrightarrow{DE}=(2,0,1)

详细展开:将 DA1=(0,2,4)\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{A}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{1}}}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{)}DB=(2,2,0)\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{B}}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{)} 分别减去它们在 d 上的投影,得 u=(8/5,2,16/5)\boldsymbol u=(-8/5,-2,16/5)v=(2/5,2,4/5)\boldsymbol v=(2/5,-2,-4/5)

\boldsymbol u\perp DE,\quad\boldsymbol v\perp DE

(2)
计算夹角

u、v 分别位于两个半平面内并指向 A1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}、B。

详细展开:uv=4/5\boldsymbol u\cdot\boldsymbol v=4/5u=84/5|\boldsymbol u|=\sqrt{84/5}v=24/5|\boldsymbol v|=\sqrt{24/5},所以余弦为 1/(314)=14/42\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{3}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{4}}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{=}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{4}}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{2}

theta=arccos1442\boxed{\\\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{h}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{e}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{=}\arccos\frac{\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{4}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{2}}}
20

三、解答题 · 数列

设数列 {an}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=2}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{n}}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=9}{\}} 的前 n\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{n} 项和为 Sn\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{S}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{n}}. 已知 a1=a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{a}, an+1=Sn+3n\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{S}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{n}} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{3}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{n}}, nNn \in \mathbf{N}^*. (1) 设 bn=Sn3n\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{n}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{S}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{n}} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{3}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{n}}, 求数列 {bn}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=2}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{b}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{n}}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=9}{\}} 的通项公式; (2) 若 an+1an\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=18}{\geqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{n}}, nNn \in \mathbf{N}^*, 求 a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a} 的取值范围.

答案:(a-3)2^(n-1);a≥-9

题目标签:前缀和递推与单调参数

解题过程

(1)求 bn 通项

先把 an 递推改写成 Sn 递推

(1)
建立 b 的倍增递推

Sn+1=Sn+an+1=2Sn+3n\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{S}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{S}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{n}}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{S}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{n}}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{3}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{n}}

详细展开:所以 bn+1=Sn+13n+1=2Sn+3n33n=2(Sn3n)=2bn\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{S}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{3}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{S}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{n}}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{3}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{n}}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=43}{\cdot}\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{3}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{n}}\htmlData{tutor-start=48,tutor-end=49}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=50}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=50,tutor-end=51}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=51,tutor-end=52}{S}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=54,tutor-end=55}{n}}\htmlData{tutor-start=56,tutor-end=57}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=57,tutor-end=58}{3}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=60,tutor-end=61}{n}}\htmlData{tutor-start=62,tutor-end=63}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=63,tutor-end=64}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=64,tutor-end=65}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=65,tutor-end=66}{b}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=68,tutor-end=69}{n}}

bn+1=2bn\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{b}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{n}}
(2)
写等比通项

b1=S13=a3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{S}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{3}

详细展开:数列 b 是首项 a3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{3}、公比 2 的等比数列。

bn=(a3)2n1\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{b}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{n}}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{1}}}

(2)由单调性求 a

写出相邻项差并对所有 n 取最强条件

(1)
得到 an 的显式式

由第一问 Sn=3n+(a3)2n1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{S}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{n}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{3}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{n}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{1}}

详细展开:因此 an+1=Sn+3n=23n+(a3)2n1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{S}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{n}}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{3}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{n}}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=26}{\cdot}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{3}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{n}}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{1}}。对 n2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=4}{\ge}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2},相邻项差为 43n1+(a3)2n2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=6}{\cdot}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{3}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{2}}

an+1an=43n1+(a3)2n2(n2)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{n}}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=20}{\cdot}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{3}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{2}}\quad\htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=50}{\ge}\htmlData{tutor-start=50,tutor-end=51}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=51,tutor-end=52}{)}
(2)
寻找最强下界

除以正数 2n2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{2}},条件成为 a312(3/2)n2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=4}{\ge}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{2}}

详细展开:右端随 n 增大而减小,所以最强条件在 n=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2},给出 a9\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=4}{\ge}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{9};而 a2a1=3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{3} 对任意 a 都非负。

a[9,)\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=11}{\in}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=21}{\infty}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{)}}
21

三、解答题 · 解析几何

设椭圆中心在坐标原点, A(2,0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{)}, B(0,1)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{)} 是它的两个顶点, 直线 y=kx\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{x} (k>0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{>} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}) 与 AB\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B} 相交于点 D\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{D}, 与椭圆相交于 E\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{E}F\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{F} 两点. (1) 若 ED=6DF\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{E}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{D}} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{6}\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{F}}, 求 k\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k} 的值; (2) 求四边形 AEBF\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{E}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{F} 面积的最大值.

答案:3/8或2/3;2√2

题目标签:椭圆中心弦与四边形面积

解题过程

(1)由向量分点求斜率

利用椭圆关于原点对称确定 E、F 顺序

(1)
确定 D 与椭圆交点

椭圆为 x2/4+y2=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{y}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{1},AB 方程为 y=1x/2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}

详细展开:直线 y=kx\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x} 与 AB 交于 D=(2/(2k+1),2k/(2k+1))\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{)};与椭圆在第三、第一象限分别交于 E、F,且 E=F\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{E}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{F}

D=(22k+1,2k2k+1),F=(21+4k2,2k1+4k2)D=\left(\frac2{2k+1},\frac{2k}{2k+1}\right),\quad F=\left(\frac2{\sqrt{1+4k^{2}}},\frac{2k}{\sqrt{1+4k^{2}}}\right)
(2)
使用向量比例

ED=6DF\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{E}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{D}}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{6}\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{F}} 给出 DE=6(FD)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{E}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{F}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{)}

详细展开:因 E=F\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{E}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{F},有 7D=5F\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{7}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{F},所以 OD/OF=5/7\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{F}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{7}。代入同一直线上的横坐标并平方,得到 24k225k+6=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{k}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{0}

k=38k=23\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{3}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{8}}\quad\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{或}}\quad \htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{=}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{2}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=50,tutor-end=51}{3}}}

(2)求四边形面积最大值

用中心对称把面积化为一个行列式

(1)
写面积函数

按顶点 A、E、B、F 使用行列式,且 F=E\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{F}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{E}

详细展开:四边形面积化为 (AB)×E\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=13}{\times }\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{E}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{|}。取 E 的绝对坐标为 (2/1+4k2,2k/1+4k2)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{/}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{k}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{2}}}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{/}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{k}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{2}}}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{)},得到 S=2(2k+1)/1+4k2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{S}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{/}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{k}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{2}}}

S(k)=2(2k+1)1+4k2,k>0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{S}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{=}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{)}}{\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{k}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{2}}}}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{,}\quad \htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{>}\htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{0}
(2)
使用柯西不等式

(2k+1)22(4k2+1)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=13}{\le}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{k}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{)}

详细展开:所以 S22\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{S}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=4}{\le}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}},等号条件为 2k=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1},即 k=1/2>0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{>}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{0},可以取得。

Smax=22\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{S}_{\max}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{2}}}
22

三、解答题 · 导数

设函数 f(x)=sinx2+cosx\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=} \frac{\sin \htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{x}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{2} \htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{+} \cos \htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{x}}. (1) 求 f(x)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)} 的单调区间; (2) 如果对任何 x0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=12}{\geqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{0}, 都有 f(x)ax\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=15}{\leqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{x}, 求 a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a} 的取值范围.

答案:区间见解析;a≥1/3

题目标签:周期函数单调性与全局线性界

解题过程

(1)求单调区间

求导后只判断 2cosx+1 的符号

(1)
求导化简

分母 2+cosx1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{+}\cos \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=11}{\ge}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{1},始终为正。

详细展开:商法则给 f(x)=[cosx(2+cosx)+sin2x]/(2+cosx)2=(2cosx+1)/(2+cosx)2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}'\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{[}\cos \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{+}\cos \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{+}\sin^{\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{]}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{+}\cos \htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=50}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=50,tutor-end=51}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=51,tutor-end=52}{2}\cos \htmlData{tutor-start=57,tutor-end=58}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=58,tutor-end=59}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=59,tutor-end=60}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=60,tutor-end=61}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=61,tutor-end=62}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=62,tutor-end=63}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=63,tutor-end=64}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=64,tutor-end=65}{+}\cos \htmlData{tutor-start=70,tutor-end=71}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=71,tutor-end=72}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=74,tutor-end=75}{2}}

f(x)=2cosx+1(2+cosx)2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}'\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}\cos \htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{+}\cos \htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{2}}}
(2)
按周期写区间

f(x)>0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}'\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{>}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{0} 等价于 cosx>1/2\cos \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{>}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}

详细展开:因此对任意整数 k,增区间为 (2π/3+2kπ,2π/3+2kπ)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=6}{\pi}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=14}{\pi}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=19}{\pi}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=27}{\pi}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{)},减区间为 (2π/3+2kπ,4π/3+2kπ)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=5}{\pi}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=13}{\pi}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=18}{\pi}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=26}{\pi}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{)}

(2π3+2kπ,2π3+2kπ); (2π3+2kπ,4π3+2kπ)\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=15}{\nearrow}\left(\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{-}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=32}{\pi}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=42}{\pi}\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{,}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=50}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=50,tutor-end=53}{\pi}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=55,tutor-end=56}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=57,tutor-end=58}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=58,tutor-end=59}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=59,tutor-end=60}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=60,tutor-end=63}{\pi}\right)\htmlData{tutor-start=70,tutor-end=71}{;}\htmlData{tutor-start=71,tutor-end=73}{\ }\htmlData{tutor-start=73,tutor-end=81}{\searrow}\left(\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=93,tutor-end=94}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=94,tutor-end=97}{\pi}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=99,tutor-end=100}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=101,tutor-end=102}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=102,tutor-end=103}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=103,tutor-end=104}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=104,tutor-end=107}{\pi}\htmlData{tutor-start=107,tutor-end=108}{,}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=114,tutor-end=115}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=115,tutor-end=118}{\pi}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=120,tutor-end=121}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=122,tutor-end=123}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=123,tutor-end=124}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=124,tutor-end=125}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=125,tutor-end=128}{\pi}\right)}

(2)求线性上界参数

先由原点附近取得必要条件,再证明其充分

(1)
提取必要下界

x>0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{>}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0},条件要求 af(x)/x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=5}{\ge }\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{x}

详细展开:令 x0+x\to0^+,有 f(x)/xf(0)=1/3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=10}{\to }\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{f}'\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{3},所以必须 a1/3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=4}{\ge}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{3}

a13\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=4}{\ge}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{3}}
(2)
证明 a=1/3 足够

0xπ\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=5}{\le }\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=9}{\le}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=12}{\pi} 上,令 H=x(2+cosx)3sinx\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{H}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{+}\cos \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{3}\sin \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{x}

详细展开:H(0)=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{H}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{0},且 H=2sin(x/2)[2sin(x/2)xcos(x/2)]0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{H}'\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}\sin\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}\sin\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{x}\cos\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{]}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=39}{\ge}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{0},因为 tan(x/2)x/2\tan\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=13}{\ge }\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{2}。故 f(x)x/3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=8}{\le }\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{3}。当 xπ\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=4}{\ge}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=7}{\pi} 时,若 f 非正则显然;若 f 为正,则 f1<x/3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=4}{\le}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{<}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{3}

f(x)x3 (x0)a[1/3,)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=7}{\le}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{x}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=20}{\ }\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=25}{\ge}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=42}{\Longrightarrow}\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=50}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=50,tutor-end=53}{\in}\htmlData{tutor-start=53,tutor-end=54}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=54,tutor-end=55}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=55,tutor-end=56}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=56,tutor-end=57}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=57,tutor-end=58}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=58,tutor-end=64}{\infty}\htmlData{tutor-start=64,tutor-end=65}{)}}