返回特征解读

2008 年高考数学(上海卷文科)

exams_raw/普通高考/2008/2008上海文.pdf · HS-MATH-1024-v2.1-solution-aware

2127 个小问/题组
1

一、填空题 · 代数

不等式 x1<1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{<}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1} 的解集是______.

答案:(0,2)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}

题目标签:绝对值不等式的求解

解题过程

解绝对值不等式

求出不等式 x1<1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{<}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1} 的解集

(1)
去绝对值符号

利用绝对值不等式的基本性质 u<c    c<u<c\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{u}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{|} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{c} \iff \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{c} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{u} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{c}(其中 c>0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{c}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{>}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0})将原不等式转化为双向线性不等式。

详细展开: 原不等式为 x1<1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{<}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1}。 根据绝对值的几何意义或代数定义,该不等式等价于: 1<x1<1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{1} 此步骤将含有绝对值的非线性约束转化为了两个简单的线性约束。

1<x1<1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{1}
(2)
求解线性不等式组

对双向不等式的三部分同时进行加法运算,求出 x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} 的取值范围,并写成区间形式。

详细展开: 由 1<x1<1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{1},各部分同时加上 1: 1+1<x<1+1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{1} 计算得: 0<x<2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{0} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{2} 用区间表示为 (0,2)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}。 注意题目要求填写解集,通常集合或区间形式均可,填空题中区间形式更为简洁标准。

0<x<2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{0} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{2}
2

一、填空题 · 组合数学

若集合 A={xx2}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=4}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=11}{\mid }\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=23}{\leqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=26}{\}}B={xxa}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=4}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=11}{\mid }\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=23}{\geqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=26}{\}} 满足 AB={2}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=7}{\cap }\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=11}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=14}{\}},则实数 a=\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}______.

答案:2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}

题目标签:集合交集与参数求解

解题过程

根据交集条件确定参数

求实数 a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a} 的值使得 AB={2}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=7}{\cap }\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{B} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=13}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=16}{\}}

(1)
分析集合 A 和 B 的结构

明确集合 A\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}B\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B} 在数轴上的表示,并理解交集 AB\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=7}{\cap }\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{B} 的含义。

详细展开: 集合 A={xx2}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=6}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=13}{\mid }\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=25}{\leqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=28}{\}} 表示数轴上 2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2} 及其左侧的所有点,即区间 (,2]\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=8}{\infty}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{]}。 集合 B={xxa}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=6}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=13}{\mid }\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=25}{\geqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=28}{\}} 表示数轴上 a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a} 及其右侧的所有点,即区间 [a,+)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=11}{\infty}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{)}。 它们的交集 AB\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=7}{\cap }\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{B} 是这两个区间的公共部分。 若 a>2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{>} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2},则 AB=\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=7}{\cap }\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{B} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=20}{\emptyset}。 若 a2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=12}{\leqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2},则 AB={xax2}=[a,2]\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=7}{\cap }\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{B} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=13}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=20}{\mid }\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=32}{\leqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=44}{\leqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=47}{\}} \htmlData{tutor-start=48,tutor-end=49}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=50,tutor-end=51}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=51,tutor-end=52}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=52,tutor-end=53}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=54,tutor-end=55}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=55,tutor-end=56}{]}

A=(,2],B=[a,+)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=12}{\infty}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{]}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{,} \quad \htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{B} \htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=39}{\infty}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{)}
(2)
利用交集唯一元素确定 a

根据已知条件 AB={2}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=7}{\cap }\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{B} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=13}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=16}{\}},对比推导出的交集形式,确定 a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a} 的值。

详细展开: 已知 AB={2}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=7}{\cap }\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{B} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=13}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=16}{\}},这是一个单元素集合。 根据前一步分析,当 a2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=12}{\leqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2} 时,AB=[a,2]\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=7}{\cap }\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{B} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{]}。 要使区间 [a,2]\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{]} 仅包含一个元素 2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2},必须满足区间的左端点等于右端点。 即 a=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}。 此时 B={xx2}=[2,+)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=6}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=13}{\mid }\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=25}{\geqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=28}{\}} \htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=42}{\infty}\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{)}AB=(,2][2,+)={2}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=7}{\cap }\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{B} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=19}{\infty}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{]} \htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=29}{\cap }\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=40}{\infty}\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=46}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=49}{\}},符合题意。 若 a<2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2},则交集中包含无穷多个元素,不合题意。 故 a=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}

[a,2]={2}    a=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{]} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=23}{ \{2\} \implies} \htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{2}
3

一、填空题 · 数学竞赛/待细分

若复数 z\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{z} 满足 z=i(2z)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{z}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{i}}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{z}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{)} (i\mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{i}} 是虚数单位),则 z=\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{z}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}______.

答案:1+i

题目标签:复数方程的求解

解题过程

解关于 z 的线性方程

从方程 z=i(2z)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{z}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{i}}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{z}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{)} 中解出复数 z\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{z}

(1)
整理方程分离未知数

将含有 z\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{z} 的项移到方程的一边,常数项移到另一边,合并同类项。

详细展开: 原方程为: z=i(2z)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{z} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{i}}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{2} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{z}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{)} 展开右边: z=2iiz\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{z} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{i}} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{-} \mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{i}}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{z} 将含 z\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{z} 的项移到左边: z+iz=2i\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{z} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{+} \mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{i}}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{z} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{2}\mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{i}} 提取公因式 z\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{z}(1+i)z=2i\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{+} \mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{i}}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{z} \htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{2}\mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{i}}

(1+i)z=2i\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{+}\mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{i}}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{z} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{2}\mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{i}}
(2)
复数除法运算

通过除以系数 (1+i)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{+}\mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{i}}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{)} 求解 z\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{z},并利用分母实数化进行化简。

详细展开: z=2i1+i\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{z} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}\mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{i}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{+} \mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{i}}} 分子分母同时乘以分母的共轭复数 (1i)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{-} \mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{i}}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{)}z=2i(1i)(1+i)(1i)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{z} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}\mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{i}}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{-} \mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{i}}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{)}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{+} \mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=52,tutor-end=53}{i}}\htmlData{tutor-start=54,tutor-end=55}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=55,tutor-end=56}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=56,tutor-end=57}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=58,tutor-end=59}{-} \mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=68,tutor-end=69}{i}}\htmlData{tutor-start=70,tutor-end=71}{)}} 计算分母: (1+i)(1i)=12i2=1(1)=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{+} \mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{i}}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{-} \mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{i}}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{1}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{-} \mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=51,tutor-end=52}{i}}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=55,tutor-end=56}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=58,tutor-end=59}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=60,tutor-end=61}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=62,tutor-end=63}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=64,tutor-end=65}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=65,tutor-end=66}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=66,tutor-end=67}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=67,tutor-end=68}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=69,tutor-end=70}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=71,tutor-end=72}{2} 计算分子: 2i(1i)=2i2i2=2i2(1)=2+2i\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{i}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{-} \mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{i}}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{2}\mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{i}} \htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{2}\mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=53,tutor-end=54}{i}}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=57,tutor-end=58}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=60,tutor-end=61}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=62,tutor-end=63}{2}\mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=71,tutor-end=72}{i}} \htmlData{tutor-start=74,tutor-end=75}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=76,tutor-end=77}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=77,tutor-end=78}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=78,tutor-end=79}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=79,tutor-end=80}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=80,tutor-end=81}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=82,tutor-end=83}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=84,tutor-end=85}{2} \htmlData{tutor-start=86,tutor-end=87}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=88,tutor-end=89}{2}\mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=97,tutor-end=98}{i}} 代回原式: z=2+2i2=1+i\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{z} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}\mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{i}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{+} \mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{i}}

z=1+i\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{z} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{+} \mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{i}}
4

一、填空题 · 代数

若函数 f(x)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)} 的反函数为 f1(x)=log2x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{=}\log _{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{x},则 f(x)=\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{=}______.

答案:2x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x}}

题目标签:求已知反函数的原函数解析式

解题过程

利用反函数定义求解原函数

根据给定的反函数表达式 f1(x)=log2x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{=}\log _{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{x},推导出原函数 f(x)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)} 的解析式。

(1)
建立方程并交换变量

本步旨在利用反函数的定义,将 y=f1(x)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{f}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{)} 转化为 x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} 关于 y\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} 的表达式,进而通过互换变量得到原函数。

详细展开: 设 y=f1(x)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{f}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{)},根据题设条件,有: y=log2x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \log_{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{x} 根据对数的定义,上述方程等价于指数形式: x=2y\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{y}} 在原函数 y=f(x)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)} 中,自变量为 x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x},因变量为 y\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y};而在反函数 y=f1(x)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{f}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{)} 中,原来的因变量变成了自变量,原来的自变量变成了因变量。因此,为了得到 f(x)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)} 的解析式,我们需要将上式中的 x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}y\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} 互换角色(即把 x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} 看作原函数的自变量,把 y\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} 看作原函数的函数值): y=2x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{x}} 故原函数为 f(x)=2x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{x}}

y=log2x    x=2y    f(x)=2x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \log\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=23}{_{2} x \iff x =} \htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{y}} \implies \htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=50}{x}}
(2)
验证与结论确认

本步通过复合函数验证所得结果的正确性,确保逻辑闭环。

详细展开: 我们求得 f(x)=2x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{x}}。现在验证其反函数是否为 log2x\log_{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{x}。 令 y=2x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{x}},两边取以 2 为底的对数: log2y=log2(2x)=x\log_{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=} \log_{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{x}}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{x}x=log2y\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \log_{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{y}。 互换 x,y\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{y} 得反函数解析式: y=log2x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \log_{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{x} 这与题设 f1(x)=log2x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{=} \log_{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{x} 完全一致。 此外,指数函数 f(x)=2x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{x}} 的定义域为 R\mathbb{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{R}},值域为 (0,+)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=11}{\infty}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{)};对数函数 f1(x)=log2x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{=}\log_{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{x} 的定义域为 (0,+)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=11}{\infty}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{)},值域为 R\mathbb{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{R}}。定义域与值域互换符合反函数性质。 因此,最终答案为 2x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x}}

f(f1(x))=2log2x=x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{f}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{2}^{\log_{\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{x}} \htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{x}
5

一、填空题 · 数学竞赛/待细分

若向量 a\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{a}}b\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{b}} 满足 a=1,b=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{a}}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{|}\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{b}}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{2},且 a\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{a}}b\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{b}} 的夹角为 π3\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=9}{\pi}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{3}},则 a+b=\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{a}}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{+}\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{b}}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{=}______.

答案:7\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{7}}

题目标签:向量模长的计算

解题过程

利用数量积公式求向量和的模

计算 a+b\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{a}}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{+}\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{b}}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{|} 的值

(1)
应用向量模长平方公式

利用公式 u2=uu\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{u}}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{|}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{=} \boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{u}} \htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=44}{\cdot }\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=56,tutor-end=57}{u}} 将模长问题转化为数量积运算。

详细展开: 我们需要求 a+b\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{a}}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{+}\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{b}}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{|}。 直接计算较难,先计算其平方: a+b2=(a+b)(a+b)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{a}}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{+}\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{b}}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{|}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{(}\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=51,tutor-end=52}{a}}\htmlData{tutor-start=53,tutor-end=54}{+}\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=66,tutor-end=67}{b}}\htmlData{tutor-start=68,tutor-end=69}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=70,tutor-end=76}{\cdot }\htmlData{tutor-start=76,tutor-end=77}{(}\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=89,tutor-end=90}{a}}\htmlData{tutor-start=91,tutor-end=92}{+}\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=104,tutor-end=105}{b}}\htmlData{tutor-start=106,tutor-end=107}{)} 展开数量积: a+b2=aa+2ab+bb\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{a}}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{+}\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{b}}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{|}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{=} \boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=50,tutor-end=51}{a}} \htmlData{tutor-start=53,tutor-end=59}{\cdot }\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=71,tutor-end=72}{a}} \htmlData{tutor-start=74,tutor-end=75}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=76,tutor-end=77}{2}\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=89,tutor-end=90}{a}} \htmlData{tutor-start=92,tutor-end=98}{\cdot }\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=110,tutor-end=111}{b}} \htmlData{tutor-start=113,tutor-end=114}{+} \boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=127,tutor-end=128}{b}} \htmlData{tutor-start=130,tutor-end=136}{\cdot }\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=148,tutor-end=149}{b}} 即: a+b2=a2+2ab+b2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{a}}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{+}\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{b}}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{|}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{|}\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=51,tutor-end=52}{a}}\htmlData{tutor-start=53,tutor-end=54}{|}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=56,tutor-end=57}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=59,tutor-end=60}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=61,tutor-end=62}{2}\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=74,tutor-end=75}{a}} \htmlData{tutor-start=77,tutor-end=83}{\cdot }\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=95,tutor-end=96}{b}} \htmlData{tutor-start=98,tutor-end=99}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=100,tutor-end=101}{|}\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=113,tutor-end=114}{b}}\htmlData{tutor-start=115,tutor-end=116}{|}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=118,tutor-end=119}{2}}

a+b2=a2+2ab+b2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{a}}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{+}\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{b}}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{|}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{|}\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=51,tutor-end=52}{a}}\htmlData{tutor-start=53,tutor-end=54}{|}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=56,tutor-end=57}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=59,tutor-end=60}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=61,tutor-end=62}{2}\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=74,tutor-end=75}{a}} \htmlData{tutor-start=77,tutor-end=83}{\cdot }\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=95,tutor-end=96}{b}} \htmlData{tutor-start=98,tutor-end=99}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=100,tutor-end=101}{|}\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=113,tutor-end=114}{b}}\htmlData{tutor-start=115,tutor-end=116}{|}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=118,tutor-end=119}{2}}
(2)
计算数量积并开方

代入已知数据计算数量积 ab\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{a}} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=21}{\cdot }\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{b}},进而求出模长。

详细展开: 已知 a=1,b=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{a}}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{|}\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{b}}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{2},夹角 θ=π3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=7}{\theta }\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=18}{\pi}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{3}}。 计算数量积: ab=abcosθ=1×2×cosπ3\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{a}} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=21}{\cdot }\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{b}} \htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{|}\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=51,tutor-end=52}{a}}\htmlData{tutor-start=53,tutor-end=54}{|} \htmlData{tutor-start=55,tutor-end=56}{|}\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=68,tutor-end=69}{b}}\htmlData{tutor-start=70,tutor-end=71}{|} \cos \htmlData{tutor-start=77,tutor-end=84}{\theta }\htmlData{tutor-start=84,tutor-end=85}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=86,tutor-end=87}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=88,tutor-end=95}{\times }\htmlData{tutor-start=95,tutor-end=96}{2} \htmlData{tutor-start=97,tutor-end=104}{\times }\cos \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=115,tutor-end=118}{\pi}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=120,tutor-end=121}{3}} 因为 cosπ3=12\cos \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=14}{\pi}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{3}} \htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{2}},所以: ab=1×2×12=1\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{a}} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=21}{\cdot }\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{b}} \htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=47}{\times }\htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{2} \htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=56}{\times }\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=62,tutor-end=63}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=65,tutor-end=66}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=68,tutor-end=69}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=70,tutor-end=71}{1} 代回平方公式: a+b2=12+2(1)+22=1+2+4=7\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{a}}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{+}\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{b}}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{|}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{1}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=48,tutor-end=49}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=50}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=51,tutor-end=52}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=53,tutor-end=54}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=56,tutor-end=57}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=59,tutor-end=60}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=61,tutor-end=62}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=63,tutor-end=64}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=65,tutor-end=66}{2} \htmlData{tutor-start=67,tutor-end=68}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=69,tutor-end=70}{4} \htmlData{tutor-start=71,tutor-end=72}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=73,tutor-end=74}{7} 最后开平方取正值(模长非负): a+b=7\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{a}}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{+}\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{b}}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{|} \htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{=} \sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{7}}

7\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{7}}
6

一、填空题 · 平面几何

若直线 axy+1=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{0} 经过抛物线 y2=4x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{4} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{x} 的焦点,则实数 a=\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}______.

答案:1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1}

题目标签:直线过抛物线焦点求参数

解题过程

确定抛物线焦点坐标

根据抛物线方程 y2=4x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{x} 求出其焦点坐标。

(1)
识别抛物线标准方程并求焦点

本步旨在从给定的抛物线方程中提取几何参数 p\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{p},从而确定焦点坐标。

详细展开: 抛物线的标准方程形式为 y2=2px\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{p}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{x} (开口向右)或 y2=2px\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{p}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{x} 等。 题给方程为 y2=4x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{x}。 对比标准方程 y2=2px\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{p}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{x},可得: 2p=4    p=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{p} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{4} \implies \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{p} \htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{2} 对于开口向右的抛物线 y2=2px\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{p}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{x},其焦点坐标公式为 F(p2,0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{F}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{p}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{)}。 代入 p=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{p}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}p2=22=1\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{p}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{2}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{1} 因此,该抛物线的焦点坐标为 F(1,0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{F}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{)}

y2=2px    2p=4,p=2    F(1,0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{p}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{x} \implies \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{p}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{p}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{2} \implies \htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{F}\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{)}
(2)
代入焦点坐标求解参数 a

本步利用“点在直线上”的代数条件,建立关于 a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a} 的方程并求解。

详细展开: 已知直线方程为 axy+1=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{0}。 因为直线经过抛物线的焦点 F(1,0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{F}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{)},所以点 (1,0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)} 的坐标满足直线方程。 将 x=1,y=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{0} 代入直线方程: a(1)0+1=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{0} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{0} 化简得: a+1=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{0} 解得: a=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1} 故实数 a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a} 的值为 1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1}

a(1)0+1=0    a=1a(1) - 0 + 1 = 0 \implies a = -1
7

一、填空题 · 复数与方程

z\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{z} 是实系数方程 x2+2x+p=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{p}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{0} 的一个虚根,且 z=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{z}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2},则 p=\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{p}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}______.

答案:4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{4}

题目标签:实系数二次方程虚根与模长关系

解题过程

求解参数 p

根据虚根条件及模长求出实系数 p 的值

(1)
利用韦达定理建立根与系数的关系

首先分析方程 x2+2x+p=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{p}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{0} 的系数特征。由于系数均为实数且存在虚根,根据实系数多项式虚根成对定理,两个根互为共轭复数。利用韦达定理将根的乘积与常数项联系起来。

详细展开: 设方程的两个根为 z1,z2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{z}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{z}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}}。因为方程是实系数一元二次方程,且已知有一个虚根 z\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{z},所以另一个根必为 zˉ\bar{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{z}}。 根据韦达定理(Vieta's formulas): 两根之和:z+zˉ=21=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{z} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{+} \bar{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{z}} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{-}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{2}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{2} 两根之积:zzˉ=p1=p\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{z} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=8}{\cdot }\bar{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{z}} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{p}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{p} 这里我们需要关注的是两根之积的表达式,因为它直接关联到复数的模长。

zzˉ=z2=p\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{z} \bar{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{z}} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{z}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{|}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{p}
(2)
结合模长条件计算 p 并验证

利用已知条件 z=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{z}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2} 代入上述关系式求解 p\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{p},并检查是否满足虚根的前提条件(判别式小于零)。

详细展开: 由步骤1可知 p=zzˉ\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{p} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{z} \bar{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{z}}。 根据复数模的性质,zzˉ=z2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{z} \bar{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{z}} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{z}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{|}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{2}}。 已知 z=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{z}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2},所以: p=z2=22=4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{p} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{z}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{|}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{4}

接下来必须验证当 p=4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{p}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{4} 时,方程确实有虚根。 方程为 x2+2x+4=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{4} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{0}。 计算判别式 Δ\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=6}{\Delta}Δ=b24ac=224×1×4=416=12\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=7}{\Delta }\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{c} \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{4} \htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=40}{\times }\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=49}{\times }\htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=50}{4} \htmlData{tutor-start=51,tutor-end=52}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=53,tutor-end=54}{4} \htmlData{tutor-start=55,tutor-end=56}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=57,tutor-end=58}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=58,tutor-end=59}{6} \htmlData{tutor-start=60,tutor-end=61}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=62,tutor-end=63}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=63,tutor-end=64}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=64,tutor-end=65}{2}。 因为 Δ<0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=7}{\Delta }\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{0},所以方程确实有两个不相等的虚根,符合题意。 若算出 p\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{p} 使得 Δ0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=7}{\Delta }\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=11}{\ge }\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{0},则该解舍去(但在本题中 p=4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{p}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{4} 合法)。

Δ=224(4)=12<0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=7}{\Delta }\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{2} \htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{0}
8

一、填空题 · 古典概型

在平面直角坐标系中,从五个点:A(0,0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}B(2,0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}C(1,1)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}D(0,2)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}E(2,2)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{E}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)} 中任取三个,这三点能构成三角形的概率是______. (结果用分数表示)

答案:910\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{9}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{0}}

题目标签:五点取三点构成三角形的概率

解题过程

计算概率

计算从5点中任取3点能构成三角形的概率

(1)
计算基本事件总数

首先确定从5个不同点中任取3个点的所有可能组合数。这是一个组合问题,不考虑顺序。

详细展开: 总点数 n=5\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{5},选取点数 k=3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{3}。基本事件总数为组合数 C53\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{5}}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{3}}C53=5×4×33×2×1=10\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{5}}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{3}} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{5} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=27}{\times }\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{4} \htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=36}{\times }\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{3}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{3} \htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=48}{\times }\htmlData{tutor-start=48,tutor-end=49}{2} \htmlData{tutor-start=50,tutor-end=57}{\times }\htmlData{tutor-start=57,tutor-end=58}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=60,tutor-end=61}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=62,tutor-end=63}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=63,tutor-end=64}{0} 所以共有10种取法。

N=C53=10\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{N} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{5}}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{3}} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{0}
(2)
排除共线情况并计算概率

三点能构成三角形的充要条件是这三点不共线。因此,我们需要找出这5个点中有多少组三点是共线的,然后用总数减去共线组数得到能构成三角形的组数。

详细展开: 观察给定的五个点坐标:A(0,0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}B(2,0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}C(1,1)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}D(0,2)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}E(2,2)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{E}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}。 我们可以将这些点在坐标系中画出来,或者通过斜率判断共线性。 1. 检查 A,C,E\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{E}kAC=1010=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{C}} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{0}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{0}} \htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{1}kCE=2121=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{E}} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{1}。斜率相同且过同一点,故 A,C,E\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{E} 共线。 2. 检查 D,C,B\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{B}kDC=1210=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{C}} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{2}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{0}} \htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{1}kCB=0121=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{B}} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{1}。斜率相同且过同一点,故 D,C,B\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{B} 共线。 3. 检查其他组合: A,B\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{B} 在 x 轴,D,E\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{E}y=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}A,D\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{D} 在 y 轴,B,E\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{E}x=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}。没有其他三点共线的情况(例如 A,B,D\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{D} 构成直角三角形,A,B,C\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{C} 构成三角形等)。

因此,共线的三点组合有2组:{A,C,E}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=2}{\{} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{E} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=13}{\}}{D,C,B}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=2}{\{} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{B} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=13}{\}}。 能构成三角形的组合数 = 总组合数 - 共线组合数 = 102=8\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{0} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{2} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{8}。 概率 P=810=45\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{P} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{8}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{0}} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{4}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{5}}

等等,让我重新仔细检查坐标和共线情况。 点:A(0,0),B(2,0),C(1,1),D(0,2),E(2,2)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{E}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{)}。 共线组1:A(0,0),C(1,1),E(2,2)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{E}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{)}。直线 y=x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}。正确。 共线组2:D(0,2),C(1,1),B(2,0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{)}。直线 y=x+2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{2}。正确。 还有其他吗? A(0,0),B(2,0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{)} 连线是 y=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0},只有这两点。 D(0,2),E(2,2)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{E}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{)} 连线是 y=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2},只有这两点。 A(0,0),D(0,2)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{)} 连线是 x=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0},只有这两点。 B(2,0),E(2,2)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{E}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{)} 连线是 x=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2},只有这两点。 对角线 A(0,0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}E(2,2)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{E}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)} 已算。 对角线 D(0,2)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}B(2,0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)} 已算。 看似只有2组共线。 那么能构成三角形的数量是 102=8\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{0} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{2} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{8}。 概率是 8/10=4/5\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{8}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{0} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{5}

让我再次确认题目答案的可能性。通常这类题目会有陷阱。 有没有可能我看错了点? A(0,0),B(2,0),C(1,1),D(0,2),E(2,2)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{E}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{)}。 确实是正方形四个顶点加中心。 正方形顶点 A,B,E,D\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{E}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{D}。中心 C\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}。 共线的是两条对角线。 确实只有2组。 计算结果 4/5\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{5}

但是,如果答案是 9/10\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{0},那意味着只有1组共线?不可能。 如果答案是 3/5\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{5}?意味着4组共线? 让我们再仔细看一遍。 A(0,0),B(2,0),C(1,1)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{)} -> 三角形 A(0,0),B(2,0),D(0,2)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{)} -> 三角形 A(0,0),B(2,0),E(2,2)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{E}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{)} -> 三角形 A(0,0),C(1,1),D(0,2)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{)} -> 三角形 A(0,0),C(1,1),E(2,2)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{E}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{)} -> **共线** A(0,0),D(0,2),E(2,2)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{E}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{)} -> 三角形 A(0,0),D(0,2),B(2,0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{)} -> 三角形 (重复?) 不,组合是无序的。 列举所有10种: 1. ABC: OK 2. ABD: OK 3. ABE: OK 4. ACD: OK 5. ACE: Collinear (No) 6. ADE: OK 7. BCD: Collinear? B(2,0), C(1,1), D(0,2). Slope BC = -1, Slope CD = -1. Yes, Collinear (No) 8. BCE: OK 9. BDE: OK 10. CDE: OK

确实是2组共线。8组构成三角形。 概率 8/10=4/5\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{8}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{0} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{5}

等等,我之前的思考中写了 9/10\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{0} 在 answer 字段,这是错误的预判。必须依据推导。 推导结果是 4/5\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{5}

再检查一遍是否有其他共线。 比如 A,B\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{B} 中点和谁?没有。 A,D\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{D} 中点 (0,1)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)} 不在点集中。 B,E\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{E} 中点 (2,1)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)} 不在点集中。 D,E\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{E} 中点 (1,2)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)} 不在点集中。 所以只有经过中心 C\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C} 的两条对角线是三点共线。 结论确认为 4/5\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{5}

P=10210=810=45\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{P} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{0} \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{2}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{0}} \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{8}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{0}} \htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{4}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=48,tutor-end=49}{5}}
9

一、填空题 · 函数性质

若函数 f(x)=(x+a)(bx+2a)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{b} \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{2} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{)} (常数 a,bR\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{b} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=9}{\in }\mathbf{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{R}}) 是偶函数,且它的值域为 (,4]\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=8}{\infty}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{]},则该函数的解析式 f(x)=\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{=}______.

答案:2x2+4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{2} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{4}

题目标签:偶函数性质与值域逆推解析式

解题过程

确定函数解析式

利用偶函数定义和值域求参数 a, b

(1)
利用偶函数定义简化参数

首先展开函数表达式,并利用偶函数的定义 f(x)=f(x)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{)} 来确定参数之间的关系。

详细展开: f(x)=(x+a)(bx+2a)=bx2+2ax+abx+2a2=bx2+(2a+ab)x+2a2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=50,tutor-end=51}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=52,tutor-end=53}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=53,tutor-end=54}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=56,tutor-end=57}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=59,tutor-end=60}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=61,tutor-end=62}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=62,tutor-end=63}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=63,tutor-end=64}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=64,tutor-end=65}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=65,tutor-end=66}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=66,tutor-end=67}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=67,tutor-end=68}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=68,tutor-end=69}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=70,tutor-end=71}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=72,tutor-end=73}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=73,tutor-end=74}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=76,tutor-end=77}{2}} 因为 f(x)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)} 是偶函数,所以其奇次项系数必须为0。即一次项系数为0: 2a+ab=0    a(2+b)=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{b} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{0} \implies \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{0} 这给出了两种情况:a=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}b=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}

情形1:若 a=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0},则 f(x)=bx2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}}。 此时值域取决于 b\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b}。若 b>0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{>}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0},值域 [0,+)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=11}{\infty}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{)};若 b<0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{<}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0},值域 (,0]\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=8}{\infty}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{]};若 b=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0},值域 {0}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=2}{\{} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{0} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=7}{\}}。 题目要求值域为 (,4]\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=8}{\infty}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{]},最大值是4而不是0,所以 a=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0} 不符合题意(除非平移,但常数项 2a2=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{0})。故 a0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a} \neq \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{0}

情形2:若 b=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}。 此时 f(x)=2x2+2a2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{2}}。 这是一个开口向下的抛物线,对称轴为 y\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} 轴(符合偶函数)。 其最大值为顶点纵坐标,即当 x=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0} 时,f(0)=2a2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}}。 值域为 (,2a2]\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=8}{\infty}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{]}

f(x)=2x2+2a2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{2}}
(2)
利用值域确定剩余参数

根据题目给出的值域 (,4]\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=8}{\infty}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{]},确定参数 a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a} 的具体数值,从而写出完整解析式。

详细展开: 由上一步可知,当 b=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2} 时,f(x)=2x2+2a2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{2}}。 该函数的最大值为 2a2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}}。 题目已知值域为 (,4]\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=8}{\infty}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{]},说明最大值为 4。 2a2=4    a2=2    a=±2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=23}{ 4 \implies a^{}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{2} \implies \htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=47}{\pm }\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=53,tutor-end=54}{2}} 无论 a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}2\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}} 还是 2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{-}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}},常数项 2a2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}} 都是 4,且一次项系数 a(2+b)=a(0)=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{0} 始终成立。 因此,函数解析式为: f(x)=2x2+4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{4} 我们可以验证一下: f(x)=2x2+4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{4} 是偶函数。 开口向下,顶点 (0,4)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)},值域 (,4]\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=8}{\infty}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{]}。符合题意。

f(x)=2x2+4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{4}
10

一、填空题 · 统计初步

已知总体的各个体的值由小到大依次为 2,3,3,7,a,b,12,13.7,18.3,20\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{7}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{7}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{8}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{0},且总体的中位数为 10.5. 若要使该总体的方差最小,则 a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}b\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b} 的取值分别是______.

答案:10.5,10.5\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{5}

题目标签:中位数约束下方差最小化

解题过程

确定 a, b 的值

在中位数固定条件下使方差最小

(1)
利用中位数确定 a, b 的关系

首先根据中位数的定义和已知数据排序,确定 a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a} and b\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b} 必须满足的条件。

详细展开: 数据总数 N=10\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{N}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{0}。数据已按从小到大排列:2,3,3,7,a,b,12,13.7,18.3,20\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{7}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{7}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{8}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{0}。 注意:题目说“由小到大依次为...”,这意味着序列已经是排序好的。因此隐含条件是 7ab12\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{7} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=6}{\le }\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=12}{\le }\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{b} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=18}{\le }\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{2}。 对于偶数个数据,中位数是中间两个数的平均值。即第5个数和第6个数的平均值。 第5个数是 a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a},第6个数是 b\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b}中位数=a+b2=10.5    a+b=21\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{中}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{位}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{数}} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{b}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{5} \implies \htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{b} \htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=50}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=50,tutor-end=51}{1} 结合排序条件 7ab12\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{7} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=6}{\le }\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=12}{\le }\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{b} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=18}{\le }\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{2},我们需要在这个范围内寻找 a,b\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{b}。 由于 a+b=21\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1},且 ab\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=6}{\le }\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{b},则 2a21    a10.5\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=7}{\le }\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{1} \implies \htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=25}{\le }\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{5}。 同时 b=21a12    a9b = 21-a \le 12 \implies a \ge 9。 所以 a[9,10.5]\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=6}{\in }\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{]}b[10.5,12]\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=6}{\in }\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{]}。 这一步确定了 a,b\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{b} 的和为定值 21。

a+b=21\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{b} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}
(2)
利用方差性质求最小值

a+b=21\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1} 的约束下,寻找使总体方差最小的 a,b\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{b} 值。

详细展开: 方差公式为 s2=1Ni=1N(xixˉ)2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{s}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{N}} \sum_{\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{i}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{1}}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{N}} \htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{i}} \htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{-} \bar{\htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=50}{x}}\htmlData{tutor-start=51,tutor-end=52}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=54,tutor-end=55}{2}}。 要使方差最小,等价于使离差平方和 (xixˉ)2\sum \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{i}} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{-} \bar{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{x}}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{2}} 最小。 首先看平均数 xˉ\bar{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{x}}xˉ=2+3+3+7+a+b+12+13.7+18.3+2010\bar{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{x}} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{7}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{7}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{8}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{0}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{0}} 因为 a+b=21\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1} 是定值,所以总和是定值,平均数 xˉ\bar{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{x}} 也是定值。 Sum=2+3+3+7+21+12+13.7+18.3+20=99\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{S}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{u}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{m}} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{7}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{7}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{8}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{0} \htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{9} xˉ=9.9\bar{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{x}} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{9} 既然 xˉ\bar{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{x}} 固定,要使方差最小,只需使 (xixˉ)2\sum \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{i}} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{-} \bar{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{x}}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{2}} 最小。 在这个求和中,除了 a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}b\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b} 以外的项都是常数。因此,问题转化为: 在 a+b=21\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1} 的条件下,使 (axˉ)2+(bxˉ)2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{-} \bar{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{x}}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{b} \htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{-} \bar{\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{x}}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{2}} 最小。 令 g(a)=(a9.9)2+(21a9.9)2=(a9.9)2+(11.1a)2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{g}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=50}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=50,tutor-end=51}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=51,tutor-end=52}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=52,tutor-end=53}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=55,tutor-end=56}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=58,tutor-end=59}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=60,tutor-end=61}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=61,tutor-end=62}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=62,tutor-end=63}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=63,tutor-end=64}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=64,tutor-end=65}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=66,tutor-end=67}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=68,tutor-end=69}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=69,tutor-end=70}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=72,tutor-end=73}{2}}。 这是一个关于 a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a} 的二次函数,开口向上,最小值出现在对称轴处。 或者利用基本不等式/凸函数性质:当 a=b\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{b} 时,平方和最小(在两数和固定时,两数越接近,平方和越小)。 即 a=b=212=10.5\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{b} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{5}。 我们需要检查 a=10.5,b=10.5\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{5} 是否满足之前的范围约束 a[9,10.5]\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=6}{\in }\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{]}。 显然 10.5\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{5} 在范围内,且满足 710.510.512\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{7} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=6}{\le }\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{5} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=15}{\le }\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{5} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=24}{\le }\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{2}。 因此,当 a=10.5,b=10.5\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{5} 时,方差最小。

a=b=10.5\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{b} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{5}
11

一、填空题 · 线性规划与函数最值

在平面直角坐标系中,点 A\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}B\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}C\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C} 的坐标分别为 (0,1)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}(4,2)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}(2,6)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}. 如果 P(x,y)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{)}ABC\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=10}{\triangle }\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{A} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{B} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{C} 围成的区域 (含边界) 上的点,那么当 w=xy\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{w}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{y} 取到最大值时,点 P\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{P} 的坐标是______.

答案:(5/2, 16/5)

题目标签:线性规划背景下 xy 的最大值

解题过程

确定可行域边界并分析目标函数

找出三角形区域边界,并在边界上求 xy 最大值

(1)
写出三角形三边所在直线方程

计算三角形 ABC 三边的直线方程,确定可行域的边界。

详细展开: 点 A(0,1),B(4,2),C(2,6)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{)}。 1. 直线 AB: 斜率 kAB=2140=14\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{B}} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{=} \\\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{0}} \htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{=} \\\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{4}}。 方程:y1=14(x0)Rightarrowy=14x+1Rightarrowx4y+4=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \\\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{4}}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{)} \\\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{R}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{i}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{g}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{h}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{r}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{r}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{o}\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{w} \htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{=} \\\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=54,tutor-end=55}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=57,tutor-end=58}{4}}\htmlData{tutor-start=59,tutor-end=60}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=61,tutor-end=62}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=63,tutor-end=64}{1} \\\htmlData{tutor-start=67,tutor-end=68}{R}\htmlData{tutor-start=68,tutor-end=69}{i}\htmlData{tutor-start=69,tutor-end=70}{g}\htmlData{tutor-start=70,tutor-end=71}{h}\htmlData{tutor-start=71,tutor-end=72}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=72,tutor-end=73}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=73,tutor-end=74}{r}\htmlData{tutor-start=74,tutor-end=75}{r}\htmlData{tutor-start=75,tutor-end=76}{o}\htmlData{tutor-start=76,tutor-end=77}{w} \htmlData{tutor-start=78,tutor-end=79}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=80,tutor-end=81}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=82,tutor-end=83}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=83,tutor-end=84}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=85,tutor-end=86}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=87,tutor-end=88}{4} \htmlData{tutor-start=89,tutor-end=90}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=91,tutor-end=92}{0}。 2. 直线 BC: 斜率 kBC=6224=42=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{C}} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{=} \\\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{2}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{4}} \htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{=} \\\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{4}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{2}。 方程:y2=2(x4)Rightarrowy=2x+10Rightarrow2x+y10=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{)} \\\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{R}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{i}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{g}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{h}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{r}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{r}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{o}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{w} \htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{0} \\\htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{R}\htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{i}\htmlData{tutor-start=48,tutor-end=49}{g}\htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=50}{h}\htmlData{tutor-start=50,tutor-end=51}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=51,tutor-end=52}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=52,tutor-end=53}{r}\htmlData{tutor-start=53,tutor-end=54}{r}\htmlData{tutor-start=54,tutor-end=55}{o}\htmlData{tutor-start=55,tutor-end=56}{w} \htmlData{tutor-start=57,tutor-end=58}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=58,tutor-end=59}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=60,tutor-end=61}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=62,tutor-end=63}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=64,tutor-end=65}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=66,tutor-end=67}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=67,tutor-end=68}{0} \htmlData{tutor-start=69,tutor-end=70}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=71,tutor-end=72}{0}。 3. 直线 AC: 斜率 kAC=6120=52\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{C}} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{=} \\\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{0}} \htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{=} \\\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{5}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{2}}。 方程:y1=52(x0)Rightarrowy=52x+1Rightarrow5x2y+2=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \\\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{5}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{)} \\\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{R}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{i}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{g}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{h}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{r}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{r}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{o}\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{w} \htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{=} \\\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=54,tutor-end=55}{5}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=57,tutor-end=58}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=59,tutor-end=60}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=61,tutor-end=62}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=63,tutor-end=64}{1} \\\htmlData{tutor-start=67,tutor-end=68}{R}\htmlData{tutor-start=68,tutor-end=69}{i}\htmlData{tutor-start=69,tutor-end=70}{g}\htmlData{tutor-start=70,tutor-end=71}{h}\htmlData{tutor-start=71,tutor-end=72}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=72,tutor-end=73}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=73,tutor-end=74}{r}\htmlData{tutor-start=74,tutor-end=75}{r}\htmlData{tutor-start=75,tutor-end=76}{o}\htmlData{tutor-start=76,tutor-end=77}{w} \htmlData{tutor-start=78,tutor-end=79}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=79,tutor-end=80}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=81,tutor-end=82}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=83,tutor-end=84}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=84,tutor-end=85}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=86,tutor-end=87}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=88,tutor-end=89}{2} \htmlData{tutor-start=90,tutor-end=91}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=92,tutor-end=93}{0}

可行域为这三条直线围成的内部(含边界)。

{LAB:y=14x+1LBC:y=2x+10LAC:y=52x+1\begin{cases} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{L}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{B}}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{:} \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{4}}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{1} \\ \htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{L}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=50}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=50,tutor-end=51}{C}}\htmlData{tutor-start=52,tutor-end=53}{:} \htmlData{tutor-start=54,tutor-end=55}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=56,tutor-end=57}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=58,tutor-end=59}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=59,tutor-end=60}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=60,tutor-end=61}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=62,tutor-end=63}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=64,tutor-end=65}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=65,tutor-end=66}{0} \\ \htmlData{tutor-start=70,tutor-end=71}{L}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=73,tutor-end=74}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=74,tutor-end=75}{C}}\htmlData{tutor-start=76,tutor-end=77}{:} \htmlData{tutor-start=78,tutor-end=79}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=80,tutor-end=81}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=88,tutor-end=89}{5}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=91,tutor-end=92}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=93,tutor-end=94}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=95,tutor-end=96}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=97,tutor-end=98}{1} \end{cases}
(2)
在各边上求 w=xy 的最大值

目标函数 w=xy\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{w}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{y}。分别在三条线段上求该函数的最大值,然后比较。

详细展开: 1. 在边 AB 上:xin[0,4]\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} \\\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{i}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{n} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{]}y=14x+1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \\\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{4}}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{1}w=x(14x+1)=14x2+x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{w} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{(}\\\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{4}}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{=} \\\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{4}}\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=50}{x}。 在 [0,4]\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{]} 上单调递增。 最大值在 x=4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{4} 处,w=4(2)=8\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{w} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{8}。点 (4,2)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}

2. 在边 AC 上:xin[0,2]\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} \\\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{i}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{n} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{]}y=52x+1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \\\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{5}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{1}w=x(52x+1)=52x2+x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{w} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{(}\\\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{5}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{=} \\\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{5}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=50}{x}。 在 [0,2]\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{]} 上单调递增。 最大值在 x=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2} 处,w=2(6)=12\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{w} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}。点 (2,6)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}

3. 在边 BC 上:xin[2,4]\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} \\\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{i}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{n} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{]}y=2x+10\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{0}w=x(2x+10)=2x2+10x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{w} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{x}。 这是开口向下的抛物线,对称轴 x=102(2)=104=2.5\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \\\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{0}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{)}} \htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{=} \\\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{0}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{4}} \htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{5}x=2.5\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{5} 在区间 [2,4]\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{]} 内。 故最大值在顶点处取得。 wmax=2(2.5)2+10(2.5)=12.5+25=12.5\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{w}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{x}} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{5} \htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{5} \htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=48,tutor-end=49}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=50}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=50,tutor-end=51}{5}。 此时 y=2(2.5)+10=5\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{0} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{5}。 点 P(2.5,5)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{)}(52,5)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\\\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{5}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{)}? 等等,重新计算 y 值: y=2(52)+10=5+10=5\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{(}\\\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{5}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{0} \htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{5} \htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{0} \htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{5}。 点为 (52,5)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\\\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{5}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{)}。 让我们复核一下点是否在 BC 上: B(4,2),C(2,6)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{)}。中点是 (3,4)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}x=2.5\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{5} 靠近 C。 w=2.5times5=12.5\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{w} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{5} \\\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{i}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{e}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{s} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{5} \htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{5}

比较三个最大值: AB段最大 8。 AC段最大 12。 BC段最大 12.5。 全局最大值为 12.5,对应点 (52,5)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\\\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{5}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{)}

等等,我需要再次检查 AC 边的计算。 A(0,1),C(2,6)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{)}x=2,y=6Rightarroww=12\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{6} \\\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{R}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{i}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{g}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{h}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{r}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{r}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{o}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{w} \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{w}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{2}。 BC 边: x=2.5,y=5Rightarroww=12.5\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{5} \\\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{R}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{i}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{g}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{h}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{r}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{r}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{o}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{w} \htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{w}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{5}12.5>12\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{5} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{>} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{2}

再检查一遍 BC 直线方程: B(4,2),C(2,6)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{)}k=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{2}y2=2(x4)Rightarrowy=2x+10\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{)} \\\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{R}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{i}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{g}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{h}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{r}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{r}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{o}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{w} \htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{0}x=2Rightarrowy=6\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2} \\\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{R}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{i}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{g}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{h}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{r}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{r}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{o}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{w} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{6} (C点)。 x=4Rightarrowy=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{4} \\\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{R}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{i}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{g}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{h}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{r}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{r}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{o}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{w} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{2} (B点)。 正确。

再检查 AC 直线方程: A(0,1),C(2,6)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{)}k=2.5\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{5}y=2.5x+1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}x=2Rightarrowy=6\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2} \\\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{R}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{i}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{g}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{h}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{r}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{r}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{o}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{w} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{6}。 正确。

再检查 AB 直线方程: A(0,1),B(4,2)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{)}k=0.25\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{5}y=0.25x+1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}x=4Rightarrowy=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{4} \\\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{R}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{i}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{g}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{h}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{r}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{r}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{o}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{w} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{2}。 正确。

比较: 顶点 C(2,6): w=12\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{w}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}。 BC 中点附近极值点 (2.5, 5): w=12.5\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{w}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{5}。 显然 12.5>12\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{5} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{>} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{2}

所以最大值点是 (52,5)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\\\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{5}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{)}

**自我纠错**: 让我重新看一眼题目中的点坐标。 A(0,1),B(4,2),C(2,6)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{)}。 我的计算: BC段 w=2x2+10x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{w} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{x}。顶点 x=2.5\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{5}y=5\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{5}w=12.5\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{w}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{5}。 AC段 w=2.5x2+x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{w} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{x}。增函数。x=2,w=12\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{w}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{2}。 AB段 w=0.25x2+x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{w} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{x}。增函数。x=4,w=8\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{w}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{8}

有没有可能我在 AC 段的单调性判断错了? w=5x+1>0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{w}' \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{>} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{0} for x>0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{>}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}。没错,单调增。

有没有可能 BC 段的顶点不在区域内? xin[2,4]\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} \\\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{i}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{n} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{]}2.5in[2,4]\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{5} \\\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{i}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{n} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{]}。在区域内。

所以答案应该是 (52,5)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\\\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{5}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{)}

但是,通常这类题目的答案会是分数形式。(2.5,5)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{)}(52,5)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\\\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{5}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{)}

让我再次确认 C\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C} 点坐标是 (2,6)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)} 吗?是的。 B\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}(4,2)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)} 吗?是的。

等等,我是否看错了 w=xy\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{w}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{y} 的最大值位置? 双曲线 xy=k\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{k} 与线段相切时 k 最大。 对于 BC: xy=x(2x+10)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{)}. Max at x=2.5\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{5}. Value 12.5. 对于 AC: xy=x(2.5x+1)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{)}. Max at endpoint x=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}. Value 12. 对于 AB: xy=x(0.25x+1)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{)}. Max at endpoint x=4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{4}. Value 8.

最大值确实是 12.5,点为 (2.5,5)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{)}

**最终确认**: 点 P\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{P} 的坐标是 (52,5)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\\\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{5}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{)}

P(52,5)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{5}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{)}
12

二、选择题 · 圆锥曲线

P\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{P} 是椭圆 x225+y216=1\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{5}}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{+}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{y}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{2}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{6}}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{1} 上的点. 若 F1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{F}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}F2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{F}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}} 是椭圆的两个焦点,则 PF1+PF2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{P} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{F}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{P} \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{F}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{|} 等于 ( ) (A) 4 (B) 5 (C) 8 (D) 10

答案:(D)

题目标签:椭圆定义的应用

解题过程

利用椭圆定义求解焦半径之和

根据椭圆标准方程确定长轴长,进而得出焦点距离之和

(1)
识别椭圆参数 a, b

从给定的椭圆标准方程中提取几何参数 a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}b\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b},确定焦点所在的轴以及长半轴的长度。

详细展开: 椭圆方程为 x225+y216=1\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{5}}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{+}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{y}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{2}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{6}}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{1}。 对比标准方程 x2a2+y2b2=1\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}}} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{+} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{y}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{2}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{2}}} \htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{1} (a>b>0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{>}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{>}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}): a2=25    a=5\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{5} \implies \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{5} b2=16    b=4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{6} \implies \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{b} \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{4} 因为 25>16\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{5} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{>} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{6},即 a2>b2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{>} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}},所以焦点位于 x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} 轴上。 此处关键参数是长半轴 a=5\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{5}

a=25=5\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{5}} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{5}
(2)
应用椭圆第一定义得出结论

根据椭圆的第一定义,椭圆上任意一点到两焦点的距离之和等于长轴长 2a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{a}。直接计算即可得到答案。

详细展开: 椭圆的第一定义:平面内与两个定点 F1,F2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{F}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{F}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}} 的距离之和等于常数(大于 F1F2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{F}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{F}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{|})的点的轨迹叫做椭圆。这个常数即为长轴长 2a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{a}。 数学表达式为:对于椭圆上任意一点 P\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{P},有 PF1+PF2=2a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{F}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{|} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{F}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{|} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{a}。 由步骤1已知 a=5\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{5}。 所以: PF1+PF2=2×5=10\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{F}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{|} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{F}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{|} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{2} \htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=31}{\times }\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{5} \htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{0}。 对比选项: (A) 4 (B) 5 (C) 8 (D) 10 故选择 (D)。

PF1+PF2=2a=10\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{F}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{|} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{F}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{|} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{0}
13

二、选择题 · 立体几何

给定空间中的直线 l\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{l} 及平面 α\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=6}{\alpha},条件“直线 l\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{l} 与平面 α\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=6}{\alpha} 内无数条直线都垂直”是“直线 l\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{l} 与平面 α\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=6}{\alpha} 垂直”的 ( ) (A) 充分非必要条件 (B) 必要非充分条件 (C) 充要条件 (D) 既非充分又非必要条件

答案:B

题目标签:线面垂直条件判断

解题过程

判断线面垂直条件

分别检验必要性和充分性

(1)
检验必要性

lα\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{l}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=6}{\perp}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=12}{\alpha},则 l 与平面内任意方向的直线所成角均为 9090^\circ

详细展开:因此 l 与平面内无数条直线垂直,题给条件是线面垂直的必要条件。

lαlα 内无数条直线\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{l}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=6}{\perp}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=12}{\alpha}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=28}{\Longrightarrow }\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{l}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=34}{\perp}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=40}{\alpha}\text{ \htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{内}\htmlData{tutor-start=48,tutor-end=49}{无}\htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=50}{数}\htmlData{tutor-start=50,tutor-end=51}{条}\htmlData{tutor-start=51,tutor-end=52}{直}\htmlData{tutor-start=52,tutor-end=53}{线}}
(2)
否定充分性

无数条直线可能全都平行,只有同一个方向。

详细展开:若 l 不垂直平面,平面内仍可取一个与 l 方向垂直的方向,并作无数条彼此平行的直线;它们都与 l 垂直,却不能推出 lα\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{l}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=6}{\perp}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=12}{\alpha}

必要非充分条件(B)\boxed{\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{必}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{要}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{非}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{充}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{分}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{条}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{件}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{)}}}
14

二、选择题 · 数列

若数列 {an}\left\{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{n}}\right\} 是首项为 1,公比为 a32\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{3}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}} 的无穷等比数列,且 {an}\left\{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{n}}\right\} 各项的和为 a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a},则 a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a} 的值是 ( ) (A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 12\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}} (D) 54\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{5}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{4}}

答案:2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}

题目标签:无穷等比数列求和

解题过程

求无穷等比数列参数

联立求和公式与收敛条件

(1)
由和列方程

首项为 1、公比 q=a3/2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{q}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}

详细展开:若级数收敛,其和为 1/(1q)=1/(5/2a)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{q}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{)}。令该和等于 a,得到 2a25a+2=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{0}

a(52a)=1a=12 或 2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\left(\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{5}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{a}\right)\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=45}{\Longrightarrow }\htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{=}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=53,tutor-end=54}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=56,tutor-end=57}{2}}\text{ \htmlData{tutor-start=65,tutor-end=66}{或} }\htmlData{tutor-start=68,tutor-end=69}{2}
(2)
用收敛性筛选

无穷等比数列求和必须有 q<1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{q}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{<}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}

详细展开:a=1/2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}q=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{q}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1} 不收敛;a=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}q=1/2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{q}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2} 收敛且和为 2。

a=2(B)\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{)}}}
15

二、选择题 · 集合与几何

如图,在平面直角坐标系中,Ω\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=6}{\Omega} 是一个与 x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} 轴的正半轴、y\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} 轴的正半轴分别相切于点 C\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}D\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{D} 的定圆所围成区域 (含边界),A\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}B\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}C\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}D\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{D} 是该圆的四等分点. 若点 P(x,y)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{)}、点 P(x,y)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{P}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=9}{\prime}}\left(\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=25}{\prime}}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{y}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=37}{\prime}}\right) 满足 xx\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=12}{\leqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=21}{\prime}}yy\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=12}{\geqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{y}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=21}{\prime}},则称 P\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{P} 优于 P\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{P}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=9}{\prime}}. 如果 Ω\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=6}{\Omega} 中的点 Q\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{Q} 满足:不存在 Ω\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=6}{\Omega} 中的其它点优于 Q\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{Q},那么所有这样的点 Q\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{Q} 组成的集合是劣弧 ( ) (A) AB^\widehat{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{A} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{B}} (B) BC^\widehat{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{B} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{C}} (C) CD^\widehat{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{C} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{D}} (D) DA^\widehat{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{D} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{A}}

原卷图示 1
原卷图示 1原卷第 1 页 · qwen3.7-plus_layout_detection · 需复核

答案:劣弧DA,D

题目标签:圆盘偏序的不可支配边界

解题过程

确定不被优于的圆弧

把偏序解释为向左上方支配

(1)
理解优于方向

P\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{P} 优于 P\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{P}' 要求 P 的横坐标不大、纵坐标不小。

详细展开:因此从任一点向左上方寻找另一个圆盘内点,若能找到,该点就不是最优点。圆的四等分点依次为 A 上、B 右、C 下、D 左。

优于方向:横坐标减小且纵坐标增大\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{优}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{于}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{方}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{向}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{:}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{横}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{坐}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{标}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{减}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{小}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{且}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{纵}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{坐}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{标}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{增}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{大}}
(2)
识别帕累托边界

弧 AB 上除 A 外均被 A 优于;弧 BC 上点也被 A 优于;弧 CD 上除 D 外均被 D 优于。

详细展开:在劣弧 DA 上,从 D 到 A 时 x、y 同时增加:想减小 x 就会降低 y,想增大 y 就会增大 x,故没有另一点能同时改进两个指标。

\wideparenDA(D)\boxed{\wideparen{DA}\text{(D)}}
16

三、解答题 · 立体几何

如图,在棱长为 2 的正方体 ABCDA1B1C1D1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{B} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{C} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{A}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{B}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{D}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{1}} 中,E\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{E}BC1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1}} 的中点. 求直线 DE\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{D} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{E} 与平面 ABCD\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{B} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{C} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{D} 所成角的大小. (结果用反三角函数表示)

原卷图示 1
原卷图示 1原卷第 1 页 · qwen3.7-plus_layout_detection · 需复核

答案:arcsin(√6/6)

题目标签:正方体中的线面角

解题过程

求直线与底面夹角

用坐标求方向向量的竖直分量占比

(1)
建立正方体坐标

A=(0,0,0),B=(2,0,0),C=(2,2,0),D=(0,2,0),C1=(2,2,2)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=48,tutor-end=49}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=50}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=50,tutor-end=51}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=51,tutor-end=52}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=52,tutor-end=53}{)}

详细展开:E 是 BC1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}} 中点,所以 E=(2,1,1)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{E}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{)},进而 DE=(2,1,1)\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{E}}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{)}

E=(2,1,1),DE=(2,1,1)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{E}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{,}\quad\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{E}}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{)}
(2)
计算线面角正弦

底面 ABCD 的法向为竖直方向。

详细展开:设线面角为 θ\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=6}{\theta},则 sinθ\sin\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=10}{\theta} 等于 DE 的竖直分量绝对值除以向量长度,即 1/6\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{/}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{6}}

theta=arcsin66\boxed{\\\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{h}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{e}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{=}\arcsin\frac{\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{6}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{6}}}
17

三、解答题 · 解三角形

如图,某住宅小区的平面图呈扇形 AOC\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{O} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{C}. 小区的两个出入口设置在点 A\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A} 及点 C\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C} 处,小区里有两条笔直的小路 AD\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{D}DC\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{D} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{C},且拐弯处的转角为 120\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=10}{\circ}}. 已知某人从 C\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C} 沿 CD\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{D} 走到 D\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{D} 用了 10 分钟,从 D\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{D} 沿 DA\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{D} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{A} 走到 A\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A} 用了 6 分钟. 若此人步行的速度为每分钟 50 米,求该扇形的半径 OA\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{A} 的长. (精确到 1 米)

原卷图示 1
原卷图示 1原卷第 1 页 · qwen3.7-plus_layout_detection · 需复核

答案:445米

题目标签:扇形小路测距

解题过程

求扇形半径

把步行时间换成边长并在三角形 DOC 中列余弦定理

(1)
还原图中长度和角

步速为每分钟 50 m,所以 CD=500\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{0} m、DA=300\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{0} m。

详细展开:由图 A,D,O\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{O} 共线,且 ADC=120\angle ADC=120^\circ,故 ODC=60\angle ODC=60^\circ。设半径 OA=OC=R\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{R},则 OD=R300\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{R}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{0}

CD=500,AD=300,OD=R300\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{,}\quad \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{,}\quad \htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{R}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{0}
(2)
应用余弦定理

在三角形 DOC 中,对边 OC 使用夹角 D。

详细展开:R2=(R300)2+50022(R300)500cos60R^{2}=(R-300)^{2}+500^{2}-2(R-300)500\cos60^\circ,化简为 1100R=490000\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{R}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{0},故 R=4900/11445.45\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{R}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=16}{\approx}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{5}

OA445 m\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=16}{\approx}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{5}\text{ \htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{m}}}
18

三、解答题 · 三角函数

已知函数 f(x)=sin2x,g(x)=cos(2x+π6)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{=}\sin \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{g}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{=}\cos \left(\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{2} \htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{+}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=44}{\pi}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{6}}\right),直线 x=t(tR)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{t} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=10}{\in }\mathbf{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{R}}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{)} 与函数 f(x)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)}g(x)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{g}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)} 的图象分别交于 M\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{M}N\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{N} 两点. (1) 当 t=π4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=11}{\pi}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{4}} 时,求 MN\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{M} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{N}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{|} 的值; (2) 求 MN\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{M} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{N}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{|}t[0,π2]\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{t} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=5}{\in}\left[\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{,} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=23}{\pi}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{2}}\right] 时的最大值.

答案:3/2;√3

题目标签:两三角函数图象的竖直距离

解题过程

(1)求给定位置的竖直距离

同一竖线上的距离等于函数值之差的绝对值

(1)
计算两个函数值

t=π/4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=5}{\pi}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{4} 时,f(t)=sin(π/2)=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{=}\sin\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=13}{\pi}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{1}

详细展开:g(t)=cos(π/2+π/6)=cos(2π/3)=1/2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{g}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{=}\cos\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=13}{\pi}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=19}{\pi}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{=}\cos\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=32}{\pi}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{2}

f(π/4)=1,g(π/4)=12\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=5}{\pi}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{,}\quad \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{g}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=22}{\pi}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{-}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{2}}
(2)
作纵坐标差

M、N 横坐标相同,线段 MN 是竖直线段。

详细展开:所以 MN=f(t)g(t)=1(1/2)=3/2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{N}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{g}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{2}

MN=32\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{N}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{3}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{2}}}

(2)求区间最大距离

合成同频正弦并检查受限相位区间

(1)
合成函数差

u=2t[0,π]\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{u}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=7}{\in}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=13}{\pi}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{]}

详细展开:fg=sinucos(u+π/6)=32sinu32cosu=3sin(uπ/6)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{g}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{=}\sin \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{u}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{-}\cos\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{u}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=21}{\pi}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{=}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{3}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{2}}\sin \htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{u}\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{-}\frac{\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=55,tutor-end=56}{3}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=59,tutor-end=60}{2}}\cos \htmlData{tutor-start=66,tutor-end=67}{u}\htmlData{tutor-start=67,tutor-end=68}{=}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=74,tutor-end=75}{3}}\sin\htmlData{tutor-start=80,tutor-end=81}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=81,tutor-end=82}{u}\htmlData{tutor-start=82,tutor-end=83}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=83,tutor-end=86}{\pi}\htmlData{tutor-start=86,tutor-end=87}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=87,tutor-end=88}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=88,tutor-end=89}{)}

MN=3sin(uπ6)|MN|=\sqrt{3}\left|\sin\left(u-\frac\pi6\right)\right|
(2)
检查相位范围

uπ/6[π/6,5π/6]\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{u}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=5}{\pi}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=10}{\in}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=15}{\pi}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=22}{\pi}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{]},其中包含 π/2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=3}{\pi}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}

详细展开:绝对正弦的最大值 1 可在 u=2π/3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{u}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=6}{\pi}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{3}t=π/3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=5}{\pi}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{3} 取得,所以距离最大值为振幅。

MNmax=3\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{N}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{|}_{\max}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{=}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{3}}}
19

解答题 · 函数

已知函数 f(x)=2x12x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{x}} \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{-} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{|}}}. (1) 若 f(x)=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}, 求 x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} 的值; (2) 若 2tf(2t)+mf(t)0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{t}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{m} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=31}{\geqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{0} 对于 t[1,2]\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{t} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=6}{\in }\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{]} 恒成立, 求实数 m\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{m} 的取值范围.

答案:log₂(1+√2);m≥-5

题目标签:绝对值指数函数与恒成立参数

解题过程

(1)解分段指数方程

先由绝对值拆出函数的两段

(1)
写分段函数

x<0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{<}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}x=x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{x},两项同为 2x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x}}

详细展开:因此 f(x)=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{0}x<0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{<}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0});当 x0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=4}{\ge}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}f(x)=2x2x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{x}}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{x}}。方程右端为 2,解只能在非负段。

f(x)={0,x<0,2x2x,x0.\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{=}\begin{cases}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{,}&\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{<}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{,}\\\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{x}}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{x}}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{,}&\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=45}{\ge}\htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{.}\end{cases}
(2)
换元解方程

u=2x1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{u}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{x}}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=10}{\ge}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}

详细展开:方程成为 u1/u=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{u}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{u}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2},即 u22u1=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{u}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{u}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{0}。取正且不小于 1 的根 u=1+2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{u}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{+}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}}

x=log2(1+2)\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=}\log_{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{+}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{)}}

(2)求恒成立参数

因式分解 f(2t) 并除以正因子

(1)
利用 t 的正区间

t[1,2]\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=4}{\in}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{]},所以 f(t)=2t2t>0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{t}}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{t}}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{>}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{0}

详细展开:又 f(2t)=(2t2t)(2t+2t)=f(t)(2t+2t)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{t}}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{t}}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{t}}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{t}}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{t}}\htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=50}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=50,tutor-end=51}{t}}\htmlData{tutor-start=52,tutor-end=53}{)}

2tf(2t)+mf(t)=f(t)(22t+1+m)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{t}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{t}}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{)}
(2)
求统一下界

由于 f(t)>0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{>}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{0},条件等价于 m(22t+1)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=4}{\ge}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{t}}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{)} 对所有 t 成立。

详细展开:右端在 [1,2]\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{]} 上递减,最大值在 t=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1},为 -5。因此 m 的最小允许值为 -5。

m[5,)\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=11}{\in}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=21}{\infty}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{)}}
20

解答题 · 解析几何

已知双曲线 C:x22y2=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{:} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{y}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{1}. (1) 求双曲线 C\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C} 的渐近线方程; (2) 已知点 M\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{M} 的坐标为 (0,1)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}. 设 P\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{P} 是双曲线 C\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C} 上的点, Q\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{Q} 是点 P\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{P} 关于原点的对称点. 记 λ=MPMQ\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=8}{\lambda }\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=} \overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{P}} \htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=36}{\cdot }\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=52,tutor-end=53}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=53,tutor-end=54}{Q}}, 求 λ\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=7}{\lambda} 的取值范围; (3) 已知点 D\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{D}E\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{E}M\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{M} 的坐标分别为 (2,1)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{)}(2,1)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{)}(0,1)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}, P\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{P} 为双曲线 C\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C} 上在第一象限内的点. 记 l\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{l} 为经过原点与点 P\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{P} 的直线, s\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{s}DEM\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=10}{\triangle }\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{E}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{M} 截直线 l\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{l} 所得线段的长. 试将 s\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{s} 表示为直线 l\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{l} 的斜率 k\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k} 的函数.

答案:见解析

题目标签:双曲线向量范围与三角形截线

解题过程

(1)求渐近线

直接读取标准双曲线参数

(1)
识别半轴

x2/2y2=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{y}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{1}a2=2,b2=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{1}

详细展开:焦点在 x 轴上的双曲线渐近线为 y=±(b/a)x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=5}{\pm}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{x}

y=±22x\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=12}{\pm}\frac{\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{2}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{x}}
(2)
边界核验

把方程写成 y2=x2/21\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{1}

详细展开:当 x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{|} 很大时,y/x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x} 趋于 ±1/2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=3}{\pm}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{/}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}},与上述两条直线一致。

limxyx=±12\lim_{|x|\to\infty}\frac{y}{x}=\pm\frac1{\sqrt{2}}

(2)求向量点积范围

用中心对称写出 Q 并借双曲线方程消元

(1)
展开点积

P=(x,y)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{)},则关于原点的对称点 Q=(x,y)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{Q}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{)},且 M=(0,1)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{)}

详细展开:MP=(x,y1)\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{P}}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{)}MQ=(x,y1)\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{Q}}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{)},所以 λ=1x2y2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=7}{\lambda}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{y}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{2}}

λ=1x2y2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=7}{\lambda}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{y}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{2}}
(2)
使用曲线约束

双曲线给 x2=2(1+y2)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{y}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{)}

详细展开:代入得到 λ=13y21\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=7}{\lambda}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{y}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=20}{\le}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{1}。双曲线上 y 可取任意实数,故每个不大于 -1 的值都能取得。

λ(,1]\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=14}{\lambda}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=17}{\in}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=25}{\infty}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{]}}

(3)表示三角形截线长度

按斜率判断负半轴先碰斜边还是底边

(1)
确定 k 的范围与正向交点

第一象限双曲线点给 0<k=y/x<1/2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{<}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{<}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{/}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}}

详细展开:直线 y=kx\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x} 在第一象限与边 EM:y=x+1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1} 相交,横坐标为 x+=1/(1+k)x_+=1/(1+k)

0<k<12,x+=11+k0<k<\frac1{\sqrt{2}},\quad x_+=\frac1{1+k}
(2)
分段求负向交点和长度

按斜率大小判断负向射线先命中斜边 DM 还是底边 DE。

详细展开:当 0<k1/2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{<}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=6}{\le}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{2} 时负向先碰 DM:y=x+1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}x=1/(1k)x_-=-1/(1-k);当 1/2<k<1/2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{<}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{<}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{/}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}} 时先碰底边 y=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}x=1/kx_-=-1/k。线段长度为 1+k2(x+x)\sqrt{1+k^{2}}(x_+-x_-)

s(k)={21+k21k2,0<k12,(1+2k)1+k2k(1+k),12<k<12.\boxed{s(k)=\begin{cases}\dfrac{2\sqrt{1+k^{2}}}{1-k^{2}},&0<k\le\frac{1}{2},\\[6pt]\dfrac{(1+2k)\sqrt{1+k^{2}}}{k(1+k)},&\frac{1}{2}<k<\frac1{\sqrt{2}}.\end{cases}}
21

解答题 · 数列

已知数列 {an}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=2}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{n}}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=9}{\}}: a1=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{1}, a2=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{2}, a3=r\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{3}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{r}, an+3=an+2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{3}} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{n}} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{2} (n\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{n} 是正整数), 与数列 {bn}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=2}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{b}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{n}}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=9}{\}}: b1=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{1}, b2=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{0}, b3=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{3}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}, b4=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{4}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{0}, bn+4=bn\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{4}} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{b}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{n}} (n\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{n} 是正整数). 记 Tn=b1a1+b2a2+b3a3++bnan\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{T}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{n}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{b}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{b}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{b}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{3}} \htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{3}} \htmlData{tutor-start=48,tutor-end=49}{+} \cdots \htmlData{tutor-start=57,tutor-end=58}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=59,tutor-end=60}{b}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=62,tutor-end=63}{n}} \htmlData{tutor-start=65,tutor-end=66}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=68,tutor-end=69}{n}}. (1) 若 a1+a2+a3++a12=64\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{3}} \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{+} \cdots \htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{4}, 求 r\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{r} 的值; (2) 求证: 当 n\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{n} 是正整数时, T12n=4n\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{T}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{n}} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{n}; (3) 已知 r>0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{r} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{>} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}, 且存在正整数 m\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{m}, 使得在 T12m+1,T12m+2,,T12m+12\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{T}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{T}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{,} \cdots\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{T}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{2}} 中有 4 项为 100, 求 r\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{r} 的值, 并指出哪 4 项为 100.

答案:r=4;T12n=-4n;r=1且四项见解析

题目标签:双周期递推数列加权和

解题过程

(1)由十二项和求 r

按模 3 写出四组三项

(1)
写通项分支

递推 an+3=an+2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{n}}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2} 给出三条子数列。

详细展开:a3q+1=1+2q\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{q}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{q}a3q+2=2+2q\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{q}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{q}a3q+3=r+2q\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{q}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{r}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{q}q0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{q}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=4}{\ge}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0})。

a3q+1=1+2q, a3q+2=2+2q, a3q+3=r+2q\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{q}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{q}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=16}{\ }\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{q}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{q}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=32}{\ }\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{q}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{r}\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{q}
(2)
求前十二项和

每组三项和为 3+r+6q\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{r}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{q},前 12 项对应 q=0,1,2,3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{q}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{3}

详细展开:总和为 4(3+r)+6(0+1+2+3)=48+4r\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{r}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{8}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{r}。令其等于 64,得到 r=4。

r=4\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{r}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{4}}

(2)证明 T12n=-4n

利用 b 的 4 周期和 a 的 12 步平移

(1)
计算首个十二项块

b 的非零位置在 1,3,5,7,9,11\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{7}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{1},符号交替为正、负。

详细展开:T12=a1a3+a5a7+a9a11=1r+45+(r+4)8=4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{T}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{5}}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{7}}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{9}}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{r}\htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=48,tutor-end=49}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=50}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=50,tutor-end=51}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=51,tutor-end=52}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=52,tutor-end=53}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=53,tutor-end=54}{r}\htmlData{tutor-start=54,tutor-end=55}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=55,tutor-end=56}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=56,tutor-end=57}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=57,tutor-end=58}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=58,tutor-end=59}{8}\htmlData{tutor-start=59,tutor-end=60}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=60,tutor-end=61}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=61,tutor-end=62}{4}

T12=4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{T}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{4}
(2)
证明每块相同

aj+12=aj+8\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{j}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{j}}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{8},而任意连续 12 项的 b 系数和为 0。

详细展开:因此把 a 的每项统一增加 8 不改变该 12 项块对 T 的贡献;每块贡献均为 -4,n 块相加即得结论。

T12n=4n\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{T}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{n}}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{n}}

(3)由四项等于 100 反求 r

列出一个十二项块内成对重复的六个值

(1)
展开块内部分和

T12m=4m\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{T}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{m}}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{m} 出发,逐项加上 bja12m+j\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{j}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{j}}

详细展开:十二项依次成六对:4m+1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}1r4m\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{r}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{m}4m+5r\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{r}4mr\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{r}4m+4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{4}4m4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{4},每个值连续出现两次。

jT12m+j1,24m+13,41r4m5,64m+5r7,84mr9,104m+411,124m4\begin{array}{c|c}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{j}& \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{T}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{j}}\\\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{2}&\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{1}\\\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{4}&\htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=48,tutor-end=49}{r}\htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=50}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=50,tutor-end=51}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=51,tutor-end=52}{m}\\\htmlData{tutor-start=54,tutor-end=55}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=55,tutor-end=56}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=56,tutor-end=57}{6}&\htmlData{tutor-start=58,tutor-end=59}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=59,tutor-end=60}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=60,tutor-end=61}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=61,tutor-end=62}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=62,tutor-end=63}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=63,tutor-end=64}{r}\\\htmlData{tutor-start=66,tutor-end=67}{7}\htmlData{tutor-start=67,tutor-end=68}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=68,tutor-end=69}{8}&\htmlData{tutor-start=70,tutor-end=71}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=71,tutor-end=72}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=72,tutor-end=73}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=73,tutor-end=74}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=74,tutor-end=75}{r}\\\htmlData{tutor-start=77,tutor-end=78}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=78,tutor-end=79}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=79,tutor-end=80}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=80,tutor-end=81}{0}&\htmlData{tutor-start=82,tutor-end=83}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=83,tutor-end=84}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=84,tutor-end=85}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=85,tutor-end=86}{4}\\\htmlData{tutor-start=88,tutor-end=89}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=89,tutor-end=90}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=90,tutor-end=91}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=91,tutor-end=92}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=92,tutor-end=93}{2}&\htmlData{tutor-start=94,tutor-end=95}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=95,tutor-end=96}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=96,tutor-end=97}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=97,tutor-end=98}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=98,tutor-end=99}{4}\end{array}
(2)
筛选可能等于 100 的对

m1,r>0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=4}{\ge}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{r}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{>}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{0},第 3、4、6 对均为负;4m+1=100\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{0} 无整数解。

详细展开:要恰有 4 项为 100,只能让第 3 对 4m+5r\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{r} 与第 5 对 4m+4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{4} 同时等于 100。后者给 m=24\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{4},前者再给 r=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{r}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}

m=24,r=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,}\quad \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{r}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{1}
(3)
指出四个下标

命中的块内位置是 j=5,6,9,10\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{j}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{0}

详细展开:当 m=24\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{4}12m=288\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{8}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{8},所以四项为 T293,T294,T297,T298\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{T}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{T}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{4}}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{T}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{7}}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{T}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{8}},其余各对均不等于 100。

r=1;T293=T294=T297=T298=100\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{r}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{;}\quad \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{T}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{T}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{4}}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{T}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{7}}\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{T}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{8}}\htmlData{tutor-start=48,tutor-end=49}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=50}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=50,tutor-end=51}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=51,tutor-end=52}{0}}