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2009 年高考数学(新课标卷文科)

exams_raw/普通高考/2009/2009新课标文(海南,宁夏).pdf · HS-MATH-1024-v2.1-solution-aware

2432 个小问/题组
1

一、选择题 · 集合与常用逻辑用语

已知集合 A={1,3,5,7,9}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=4}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{7}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=15}{\}}, B={0,3,6,9,12}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=4}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=16}{\}}, 则 AB=\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=7}{\cap }\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=} ( ) (A) {3,5}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=2}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=7}{\}} (B) {3,6}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=2}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=7}{\}} (C) {3,7}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=2}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{7}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=7}{\}} (D) {3,9}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=2}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=7}{\}}

答案:(D)

题目标签:集合的交集运算

解题过程

求集合 A 与 B 的交集

找出同时属于集合 A 和集合 B 的元素

(1)
列举集合并识别公共元素

首先明确集合 A 和集合 B 的具体元素,然后根据交集的定义,筛选出两个集合中共有的元素。

详细展开: 集合 A={1,3,5,7,9}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=4}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{7}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=15}{\}},包含 5 个奇数元素。 集合 B={0,3,6,9,12}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=4}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=16}{\}},包含 5 个元素,分别是 0 和 3 的倍数。 交集 AB\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=7}{\cap }\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{B} 定义为既属于 A\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A} 又属于 B\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B} 的元素组成的集合。 逐一检查 A\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A} 中的元素是否在 B\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B} 中: - 1 不在 B\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B} 中; - 3 在 B\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B} 中; - 5 不在 B\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B} 中; - 7 不在 B\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B} 中; - 9 在 B\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B} 中。 因此,公共元素为 3 和 9。

AB={3,9}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=7}{\cap }\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{B} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=13}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=19}{\}}
(2)
匹配选项得出结论

将计算得到的交集结果与给定的四个选项进行比对,确定正确选项。

详细展开: 计算结果为 {3,9}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=2}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=8}{\}}。 (A) {3,5}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=2}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=7}{\}}:错误,5 不在 B 中。 (B) {3,6}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=2}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=7}{\}}:错误,6 不在 A 中。 (C) {3,7}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=2}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{7}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=7}{\}}:错误,7 不在 B 中。 (D) {3,9}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=2}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=7}{\}}:正确,与计算结果一致。 故选 (D)。

AB={3,9}    选 (D)A \cap B = \{3, 9\} \implies \text{选 (D)}
2

一、选择题 · 复数

复数 3+2i23i=\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{2}\mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{i}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{3}\mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{i}}}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{=} ( ) (A) 1 (B) 1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1} (C) i\mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{i}} (D) i\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{-}\mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{i}}

答案:(C)

题目标签:复数的除法运算

解题过程

化简复数分式

将复数分式化为 a+bi\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{b}\mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{i}} 的形式

(1)
分母实数化处理

利用复数除法的运算法则,分子分母同时乘以分母的共轭复数,使分母变为实数。

详细展开: 原式为 3+2i23i\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{2}\mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{i}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{3}\mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{i}}}。 分母为 23i\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{3}\mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{i}},其共轭复数为 2+3i\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{3}\mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{i}}。 分子分母同乘 2+3i\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{3}\mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{i}}3+2i23i=(3+2i)(2+3i)(23i)(2+3i)\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{2}\mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{i}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{3}\mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{i}}} \htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{2}\mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=56,tutor-end=57}{i}}\htmlData{tutor-start=58,tutor-end=59}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=59,tutor-end=60}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=60,tutor-end=61}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=61,tutor-end=62}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=62,tutor-end=63}{3}\mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=71,tutor-end=72}{i}}\htmlData{tutor-start=73,tutor-end=74}{)}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=76,tutor-end=77}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=77,tutor-end=78}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=78,tutor-end=79}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=79,tutor-end=80}{3}\mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=88,tutor-end=89}{i}}\htmlData{tutor-start=90,tutor-end=91}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=91,tutor-end=92}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=92,tutor-end=93}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=93,tutor-end=94}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=94,tutor-end=95}{3}\mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=103,tutor-end=104}{i}}\htmlData{tutor-start=105,tutor-end=106}{)}} 计算分母: (23i)(2+3i)=22(3i)2=4(9)=4+9=13\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{3}\mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{i}}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{3}\mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{i}}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{3}\mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=51,tutor-end=52}{i}}\htmlData{tutor-start=53,tutor-end=54}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=56,tutor-end=57}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=59,tutor-end=60}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=61,tutor-end=62}{4} \htmlData{tutor-start=63,tutor-end=64}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=65,tutor-end=66}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=66,tutor-end=67}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=67,tutor-end=68}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=68,tutor-end=69}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=70,tutor-end=71}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=72,tutor-end=73}{4} \htmlData{tutor-start=74,tutor-end=75}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=76,tutor-end=77}{9} \htmlData{tutor-start=78,tutor-end=79}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=80,tutor-end=81}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=81,tutor-end=82}{3} 计算分子: (3+2i)(2+3i)=3×2+3×3i+2i×2+2i×3i\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}\mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{i}}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{3}\mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{i}}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=41}{\times }\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{2} \htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=53}{\times }\htmlData{tutor-start=53,tutor-end=54}{3}\mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=62,tutor-end=63}{i}} \htmlData{tutor-start=65,tutor-end=66}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=67,tutor-end=68}{2}\mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=76,tutor-end=77}{i}}\htmlData{tutor-start=78,tutor-end=85}{\times }\htmlData{tutor-start=85,tutor-end=86}{2} \htmlData{tutor-start=87,tutor-end=88}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=89,tutor-end=90}{2}\mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=98,tutor-end=99}{i}}\htmlData{tutor-start=100,tutor-end=107}{\times }\htmlData{tutor-start=107,tutor-end=108}{3}\mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=116,tutor-end=117}{i}} =6+9i+4i+6i2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{6} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{9}\mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{i}} \htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{4}\mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{i}} \htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{6}\mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{i}}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{2}} 由于 i2=1\mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{i}}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{1},故: =6+13i6=13i\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{6} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{3}\mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{i}} \htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{6} \htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{3}\mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{i}}

(3+2i)(2+3i)13=13i13\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}\mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{i}}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{3}\mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{i}}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{)}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{3}} \htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=50,tutor-end=51}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=51,tutor-end=52}{3}\mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=60,tutor-end=61}{i}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=64,tutor-end=65}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=65,tutor-end=66}{3}}
(2)
约分并确定最终结果

将化简后的分子除以分母,得到最简形式,并与选项比对。

详细展开: 由上一步得: 13i13=i\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{3}\mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{i}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{3}} \htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{=} \mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{i}} 结果为纯虚数 i\mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{i}}。 对比选项: (A) 1 (B) 1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1} (C) i\mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{i}} (D) i\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{-}\mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{i}} 显然结果对应选项 (C)。

13i13=i\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{3}\mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{i}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{3}} \htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{=} \mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{i}}
3

一、选择题 · 统计案例

对变量 x,y\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{y} 有观测数据 (xi,yi)(i=1,2,,10)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{i}}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{y}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{i}}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{i}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{,}\cdots\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{)}, 得散点图1; 对变量 u,v\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{u}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{v} 有观测数据 (ui,vi)(i=1,2,,10)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{u}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{i}}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{v}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{i}}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{i}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{,}\cdots\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{)}, 得散点图2. 由这两个散点图可以判断 ( ) (A) 变量 x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}y\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} 正相关, u\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{u}v\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{v} 正相关 (B) 变量 x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}y\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} 正相关, u\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{u}v\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{v} 负相关 (C) 变量 x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}y\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} 负相关, u\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{u}v\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{v} 正相关 (D) 变量 x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}y\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} 负相关, u\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{u}v\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{v} 负相关

原卷图示 1
原卷图示 1原卷第 1 页 · qwen3.7-plus_layout_detection · 需复核
原卷图示 2
原卷图示 2原卷第 1 页 · qwen3.7-plus_layout_detection · 需复核

答案:(C)

题目标签:散点图与相关关系判断

解题过程

根据散点图趋势判断相关性

识别变量间的正相关或负相关关系

(1)
分析散点图 1 中 x 与 y 的关系

观察散点图 1 中数据点的分布趋势,判断随着 x 的增加,y 是增加还是减少。

详细展开: 虽然题目文本未直接展示图片,但根据此类经典试题(新课标卷文科第 3 题)的常规设置及选项逻辑推断: 通常散点图 1 展示的是从左上角到右下角的分布趋势,或者从左下角到右上角。我们需要结合选项反推或依据标准题库知识。 在标准真题中,散点图 1 的点分布在一条斜率为负的带状区域内,即随着 x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} 增大,y\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} 总体呈减小趋势。 这种趋势称为“负相关”。 若散点图 1 显示 x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}y\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} 减,则 x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}y\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} 负相关。

x,y    负相关\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=10}{\uparrow}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=25}{\downarrow }\implies \text{\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{负}\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{相}\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{关}}
(2)
分析散点图 2 中 u 与 v 的关系并综合结论

同理观察散点图 2,判断 u 与 v 的相关性,并结合前一步得出最终选项。

详细展开: 在标准真题中,散点图 2 的点分布在一条斜率为正的带状区域内,即随着 u\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{u} 增大,v\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{v} 总体呈增大趋势。 这种趋势称为“正相关”。 综合上述分析: 变量 x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}y\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} 负相关; 变量 u\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{u}v\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{v} 正相关。 对比选项: (A) 正,正 (B) 正,负 (C) 负,正 (D) 负,负 故选项 (C) 符合描述。

u,v    正相关\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{u} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=10}{\uparrow}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{v} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=23}{\uparrow }\implies \text{\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{正}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{相}\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{关}}
4

一、选择题 · 三角函数与常用逻辑用语

有四个关于三角函数的命题: p1:xR,sin2x2+cos2x2=12\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{p}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{:} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=15}{\exists }\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=21}{\in }\mathbf{\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{R}}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{,} \sin^{\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{2}}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{x}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=50,tutor-end=51}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=52,tutor-end=53}{+}\cos^{\htmlData{tutor-start=59,tutor-end=60}{2}}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=67,tutor-end=68}{x}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=70,tutor-end=71}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=72,tutor-end=73}{=}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=79,tutor-end=80}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=82,tutor-end=83}{2}}; p2:x,yR,sin(xy)=sinxsiny\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{p}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{:} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=15}{\exists }\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=24}{\in }\mathbf{\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{R}}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{,} \sin\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{=}\sin \htmlData{tutor-start=51,tutor-end=52}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=52,tutor-end=53}{-}\sin \htmlData{tutor-start=58,tutor-end=59}{y}; p3:x[0,π],1cos2x2=sinx\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{p}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{:} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=15}{\forall }\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=21}{\in }\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=28}{\pi}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{]}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{,} \sqrt{\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{-}\cos \htmlData{tutor-start=50,tutor-end=51}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=51,tutor-end=52}{x}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=54,tutor-end=55}{2}}}\htmlData{tutor-start=57,tutor-end=58}{=}\sin \htmlData{tutor-start=63,tutor-end=64}{x}; p4:sinx=cosyx+y=π2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{p}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{4}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{:} \sin \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{=}\cos \htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=33}{\Rightarrow }\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{=}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=46}{\pi}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=48,tutor-end=49}{2}}. 其中假命题的是 ( ) (A) p1,p4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{p}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{p}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{4}} (B) p2,p4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{p}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{p}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{4}} (C) p1,p3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{p}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{p}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{3}} (D) p2,p3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{p}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{p}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{3}}

答案:(A)

题目标签:三角函数命题真假判断

解题过程

逐一判定四个命题的真假

找出假命题的组合

(1)
分析命题 p1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{p}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}p2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{p}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}

利用三角恒等式和特值法判断存在性命题的真假。

详细展开: **命题 p1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{p}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}**:xR,sin2x2+cos2x2=12\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=8}{\exists }\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=14}{\in }\mathbf{\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{R}}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{,} \sin^{\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{2}}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{x}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{+}\cos^{\htmlData{tutor-start=52,tutor-end=53}{2}}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=60,tutor-end=61}{x}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=63,tutor-end=64}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=65,tutor-end=66}{=}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=72,tutor-end=73}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=75,tutor-end=76}{2}}。 根据同角三角函数基本关系,对任意实数 θ\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=6}{\theta},都有 sin2θ+cos2θ=1\sin^{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=15}{\theta }\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{+} \cos^{\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=32}{\theta }\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{1}。 令 θ=x2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=7}{\theta }\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{x}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{2}},则 sin2x2+cos2x2=1\sin^{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{x}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{+}\cos^{\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{2}}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{x}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{1} 恒成立。 因为 112\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1} \neq \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}},所以不存在这样的 x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}。 故 **p1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{p}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}} 是假命题**。

**命题 p2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{p}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}**:x,yR,sin(xy)=sinxsiny\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=8}{\exists }\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=17}{\in }\mathbf{\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{R}}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{,} \sin\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{=}\sin \htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{-}\sin \htmlData{tutor-start=51,tutor-end=52}{y}。 我们可以取特值验证。令 x=0,y=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{0},则左边 sin(0)=0\sin\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{0},右边 00=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0},等式成立。 或者令 y=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0},则 sinx=sinx\sin \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{=} \sin \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{x},恒成立。 只要找到一组解即可证明存在性。 故 **p2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{p}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}} 是真命题**。

sin2theta+cos2theta=1\sin^{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}}\\\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{h}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{e}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{+} \cos^{\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{2}}\\\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{h}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{e}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{1}
(2)
分析命题 p3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{p}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{3}}p4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{p}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{4}}

利用二倍角公式和三角方程的通解判断。

详细展开: **命题 p3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{p}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{3}}**:x[0,π],1cos2x2=sinx\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=8}{\forall }\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=14}{\in }\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=21}{\pi}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{]}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{,} \sqrt{\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{-}\cos \htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{x}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{2}}}\htmlData{tutor-start=50,tutor-end=51}{=}\sin \htmlData{tutor-start=56,tutor-end=57}{x}。 由二倍角公式 cos2x=12sin2x\cos \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}\sin^{\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{x},可得 1cos2x=2sin2x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-} \cos \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}\sin^{\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{x}。 代入根号内: 2sin2x2=sin2x=sinx\sqrt{\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}\sin^{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{x}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{2}}} \htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{=} \sqrt{\sin^{\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{x}} \htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=50}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=51,tutor-end=52}{|}\sin \htmlData{tutor-start=57,tutor-end=58}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=58,tutor-end=59}{|} 因为 x[0,π]\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=6}{\in }\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=13}{\pi}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{]},在此区间内 sinx0\sin \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=17}{\geqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{0},所以 sinx=sinx\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\sin \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{|} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{=} \sin \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{x}。 等式成立。 故 **p3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{p}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{3}} 是真命题**。

**命题 p4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{p}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{4}}**:sinx=cosyx+y=π2\sin \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=}\cos \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=26}{\Rightarrow }\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{=}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=39}{\pi}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{2}}。 我们知道 cosy=sin(π2y)\cos \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{=} \sin\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{(}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=23}{\pi}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{)}。 所以 sinx=sin(π2y)\sin \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{=} \sin\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{(}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=23}{\pi}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{)}。 这并不意味着 x=π2y\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=13}{\pi}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{y} 唯一成立。 例如,取 x=π2,y=2π\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=13}{\pi}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=27}{\pi}。 左边 sinπ2=1\sin \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=14}{\pi}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{1},右边 cos2π=1\cos \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=10}{\pi }\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{1},条件满足。 但 x+y=π2+2π=5π2π2x+y = \frac{\pi}{2} + 2\pi = \frac{5\pi}{2} \neq \frac{\pi}{2}。 故推导不成立。 故 **p4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{p}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{4}} 是假命题**。

综上,假命题是 p1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{p}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}p4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{p}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{4}}

sin2x=sinx\sqrt{\sin^{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{x}} \htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{|}\sin \htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{|}
5

一、选择题 · 解析几何

已知圆 C1:(x+1)2+(y1)2=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{:} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{1}, 圆 C2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}} 与圆 C1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}} 关于直线 xy1=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{0} 对称, 则圆 C2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}} 的方程为 ( ) (A) (x+2)2+(y2)2=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{1} (B) (x2)2+(y+2)2=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{1} (C) (x+2)2+(y+2)2=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{1} (D) (x2)2+(y2)2=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{1}

答案:(B)

题目标签:圆关于直线对称的方程

解题过程

求对称圆的方程

确定对称圆圆心和半径,写出方程

(1)
分析原圆性质及对称变换特点

首先读出原圆 C1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}} 的圆心和半径,利用对称性质确定新圆 C2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}} 的半径和圆心求解目标。

详细展开: 圆 C1:(x+1)2+(y1)2=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{:} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{1}。 圆心 O1(1,1)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{)},半径 r1=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{r}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1}。 圆 C2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}C1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}} 关于直线 l:xy1=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{l}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{:} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{0} 对称。 根据几何性质,对称变换不改变图形的大小和形状,因此圆 C2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}} 的半径 r2=r1=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{r}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{r}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{1}。 问题的核心转化为:求点 O1(1,1)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{)} 关于直线 xy1=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{0} 的对称点 O2(a,b)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{)}

O1(1,1),r=1,l:xy1=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{r}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{l}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{:} \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{0}
(2)
计算圆心对称点坐标

利用点关于直线对称的公式或几何条件,计算 O2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}} 的坐标,进而写出圆方程。

详细展开: 设 O2(a,b)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{)}O1(1,1)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{)} 关于 xy1=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{0} 的对称点。 条件 1:线段 O1O2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{O}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}} 的中点 M(a12,b+12)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{,} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{)} 在直线 xy1=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{0} 上。 a12b+121=0    a1(b+1)2=0    ab=4\frac{a-1}{2} - \frac{b+1}{2} - 1 = 0 \implies a - 1 - (b + 1) - 2 = 0 \implies a - b = 4 \quad \cdots ① 条件 2:直线 O1O2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{O}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}} 与对称轴垂直。对称轴斜率 k=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1},故 O1O2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{O}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}} 斜率为 1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1}b1a(1)=1    b1=(a+1)    a+b=0\frac{b-1}{a-(-1)} = -1 \implies b - 1 = -(a + 1) \implies a + b = 0 \quad \cdots ② 联立 ① 和 ②: {ab=4a+b=0\begin{cases} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{b} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{4} \\ \htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{b} \htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{0} \end{cases} 两式相加:2a=4    a=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{4} \implies \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{2}。 代入 ②:2+b=0    b=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{b} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{0} \implies \htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{b} \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{2}。 所以对称圆心 O2(2,2)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{)}。 圆 C2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}} 的方程为:(x2)2+(y(2))2=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{1},即 (x2)2+(y+2)2=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{1}。 对比选项,此为 (B)。

O2(2,2)    (x2)2+(y+2)2=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=23}{ -2) \implies (}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{1}
6

一、选择题 · 简单线性规划

x,y\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{y} 满足 {2x+y4,xy1,x2y2,\begin{cases} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=29}{\geqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{,} \\ \htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=49}{\geqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=50}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=50,tutor-end=51}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=51,tutor-end=52}{,} \\ \htmlData{tutor-start=56,tutor-end=57}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=57,tutor-end=58}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=58,tutor-end=59}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=59,tutor-end=60}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=61,tutor-end=71}{\leqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=71,tutor-end=72}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=72,tutor-end=73}{,} \end{cases}z=x+y\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{z}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{y} ( ) (A) 有最小值2, 最大值3 (B) 有最小值2, 无最大值 (C) 有最大值3, 无最小值 (D) 既无最小值, 也无最大值

答案:(B)

题目标签:线性规划中目标函数的最值判定

解题过程

确定可行域并分析目标函数最值

画出不等式组表示的平面区域,结合目标函数 z=x+y\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{z}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{y} 的几何意义判断其最大值和最小值的存在性及数值。

(1)
绘制约束条件对应的边界直线并确定可行域

首先将不等式组中的三个不等式转化为等式,画出对应的三条边界直线,并利用测试点法或不等号方向确定每条直线所代表的半平面,从而找出它们的公共部分即可行域。

详细展开: 1. 处理第一个不等式 2x+y4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=15}{\geqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{4}: 对应直线 l1:2x+y=4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{l}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{:} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{4}。取原点 (0,0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)} 代入,2(0)+0=0<4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{0} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{4},不满足不等式,故可行域在直线 l1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{l}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}} 不含原点的一侧(右上方)。 2. 处理第二个不等式 xy1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=14}{\geqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{1}: 对应直线 l2:xy=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{l}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{:} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{1}(即 y=x+1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1})。取原点 (0,0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)} 代入,00=01\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=16}{\geqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{1},满足不等式,故可行域在直线 l2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{l}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}} 含原点的一侧(右下方)。 3. 处理第三个不等式 x2y2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=15}{\leqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{2}: 对应直线 l3:x2y=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{l}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{:} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}(即 y=12x1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{1})。取原点 (0,0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)} 代入,00=02\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=16}{\leqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2},满足不等式,故可行域在直线 l3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{l}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{3}} 含原点的一侧(左上方)。

接下来求这三条直线的交点,以确定可行域的顶点: - 联立 l1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{l}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}l2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{l}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}{2x+y=4xy=1\begin{cases} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{4} \\ \htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{1} \end{cases} 两式相加得 3x=3x=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{3} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=17}{\Rightarrow }\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{1},代入得 y=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}。交点为 A(1,2)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}。 验证点 A\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A} 是否满足 l3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{l}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{3}} 的约束:12(2)=32\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{3} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=22}{\leqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{2},满足。故 A(1,2)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)} 是可行域的一个顶点。

- 联立 l1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{l}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}l3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{l}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{3}}{2x+y=4x2y=2\begin{cases} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{4} \\ \htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{2} \end{cases} 由第二式得 x=2y+2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{2},代入第一式:2(2y+2)+y=45y+4=4y=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{4} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=24}{\Rightarrow }\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{4} \htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=43}{\Rightarrow }\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{0},则 x=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}。交点为 B(2,0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}。 验证点 B\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B} 是否满足 l2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{l}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}} 的约束:20=21\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=16}{\geqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{1},满足。故 B(2,0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)} 是可行域的一个顶点。

- 联立 l2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{l}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}l3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{l}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{3}}{xy=1x2y=2\begin{cases} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{1} \\ \htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{2} \end{cases} 两式相减得 y=3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{3},代入得 x=4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{4}。交点为 C(4,3)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{)}。 验证点 C\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C} 是否满足 l1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{l}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}} 的约束:2(4)+(3)=11<4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{4},不满足 2x+y4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=15}{\geqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{4}。故 C\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C} 不在可行域内。

综上,可行域是由直线 l1,l2,l3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{l}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{l}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{l}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{3}} 围成的无界区域。其边界包括线段 AB\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B} 以及从 A\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A} 沿 l2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{l}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}} 向右上方延伸的射线和从 B\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B} 沿 l3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{l}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{3}} 向右方延伸的射线(需进一步确认延伸方向)。 让我们更仔细地看可行域的形态: - 在 A(1,2)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)} 处,l1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{l}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}l2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{l}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}} 相交。 - 在 B(2,0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)} 处,l1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{l}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}l3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{l}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{3}} 相交。 - 约束 2x+y4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=15}{\geqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{4} 限制了区域的“左下”边界。 - 约束 xy1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=14}{\geqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{1} 限制了区域的“左上”边界(相对于 y=x+1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1} 而言是右下)。 - 约束 x2y2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=15}{\leqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{2} 限制了区域的“右下”边界(相对于 y=x/21\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1} 而言是左上)。

实际上,我们可以观察 x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}y\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} 的变化趋势。当 x+\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=6}{\to }\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=13}{\infty} 时,只要 y\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} 保持在一定范围内,不等式可能成立。例如取 x=100\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0},由 xy1y101\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=14}{\geqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=29}{\Rightarrow }\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=41}{\leqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{1},由 x2y22y98y49\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=15}{\leqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{2} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=29}{\Rightarrow }\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=42}{\geqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{8} \htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=57}{\Rightarrow }\htmlData{tutor-start=57,tutor-end=58}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=59,tutor-end=69}{\geqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=69,tutor-end=70}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=70,tutor-end=71}{9},由 2x+y4200+y4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=15}{\geqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{4} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=29}{\Rightarrow }\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=45}{\geqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{4} 恒成立。所以当 x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} 很大时,存在合法的 y\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}。因此可行域是无界的。

{2x+y=4xy=1A(1,2);{2x+y=4x2y=2B(2,0)\begin{cases} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{4} \\ \htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{1} \end{cases} \htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=55}{\Rightarrow }\htmlData{tutor-start=55,tutor-end=56}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=56,tutor-end=57}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=57,tutor-end=58}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=58,tutor-end=59}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=59,tutor-end=60}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=60,tutor-end=61}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=61,tutor-end=62}{;} \quad \begin{cases} \htmlData{tutor-start=83,tutor-end=84}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=84,tutor-end=85}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=85,tutor-end=86}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=86,tutor-end=87}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=87,tutor-end=88}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=88,tutor-end=89}{4} \\ \htmlData{tutor-start=93,tutor-end=94}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=94,tutor-end=95}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=95,tutor-end=96}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=96,tutor-end=97}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=97,tutor-end=98}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=98,tutor-end=99}{2} \end{cases} \htmlData{tutor-start=112,tutor-end=124}{\Rightarrow }\htmlData{tutor-start=124,tutor-end=125}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=125,tutor-end=126}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=126,tutor-end=127}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=127,tutor-end=128}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=128,tutor-end=129}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=129,tutor-end=130}{)}
(2)
分析目标函数 z=x+y\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{z}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{y} 的最值

目标函数 z=x+y\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{z}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{y} 可以变形为 y=x+z\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{z}。这是一组斜率为 1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1} 的平行直线,z\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{z} 的几何意义是直线在 y\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} 轴上的截距。我们需要找到这组直线与可行域有公共点时,截距 z\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{z} 的最大值和最小值。

详细展开: 1. 分析最小值: 我们要找最小的截距 z\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{z}。想象一条斜率为 1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1} 的直线从下方往上平移,直到第一次接触到可行域。 可行域的“底部”边界主要由线段 AB\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B} 以及相关的射线构成。我们需要比较顶点处的 z\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{z} 值以及边界趋势。 计算顶点 A(1,2)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)} 处的 z\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{z} 值:zA=1+2=3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{z}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{A}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{3}。 计算顶点 B(2,0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)} 处的 z\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{z} 值:zB=2+0=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{z}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{B}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}

我们需要确认是否还有更小的值。考察可行域的边界方向: - 边界 l1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{l}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}} (2x+y=4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{4}) 的斜率是 2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{2}。目标函数斜率 1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1}。因为 2<1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{2} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1},所以在 AB\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B} 线段上,随着 x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} 增加(从 1 到 2),y\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} 减小得更快,但 z=x+y\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{z}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{y} 的变化取决于具体组合。在线段 AB\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B} 上,y=42x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{x},则 z=x+(42x)=4x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{z}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{x}。因为 x[1,2]\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=6}{\in }\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{]},所以 z[2,3]\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{z} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=6}{\in }\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{]}。在此线段上,最小值为 2(在 B\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B} 点),最大值为 3(在 A\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A} 点)。 - 接下来看从 B(2,0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)} 出发的边界。B\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}l1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{l}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}l3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{l}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{3}} 的交点。可行域在 l3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{l}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{3}} (x2y2y12x1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=15}{\leqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{2} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=29}{\Rightarrow }\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=41}{\geqslant }\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=50,tutor-end=51}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=52,tutor-end=53}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=53,tutor-end=54}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=54,tutor-end=55}{1}) 的上方。从 B\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B} 点往右,x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} 增大,y\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} 至少为 rac12x1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{r}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{c}{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{1}。此时 z=x+yx+12x1=32x1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{z} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=18}{\geqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{+} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{3}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=50,tutor-end=51}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=52,tutor-end=53}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=54,tutor-end=55}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=56,tutor-end=57}{1}。当 x>2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{>} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2} 时,z>32(2)1=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{z} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{>} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{3}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{2}。所以沿此方向 z\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{z} 增大。 - 再看从 A(1,2)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)} 出发的边界。A\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}l1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{l}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}l2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{l}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}} 的交点。可行域在 l2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{l}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}} (xy1yx+1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=14}{\geqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=29}{\Rightarrow }\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=41}{\leqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{1}) 的下方。同时受 l1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{l}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}} (2x+y4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=15}{\geqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{4}) 限制。但在 A\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A} 点右侧,l1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{l}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}} 不再是紧约束(因为内部区域满足 2x+y>4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{>}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{4}),主要的边界约束变成了 l2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{l}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}l3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{l}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{3}} 形成的开口?不,让我们重新审视可行域的连通性。

可行域是由 A(1,2)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}B(2,0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)} 连线,以及从 A\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A} 沿 l2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{l}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}} 往右上(x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} 增,y\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} 增)和从 B\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B} 沿 l3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{l}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{3}} 往右(x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} 增,y\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} 增较慢)围成的吗? 检查点 (3,1)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}2(3)+1=74\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{7} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=19}{\geqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{4} (OK) 31=21\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=16}{\geqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{1} (OK) 32(1)=12\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=19}{\leqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{2} (OK) 点 (3,1)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)} 在可行域内。z=4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{z}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{4}。 检查点 (10,5)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{)}20+5=254\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{5} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=18}{\geqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{4} (OK) 105=51\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{5} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=17}{\geqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{1} (OK) 1010=02\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{0} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=18}{\leqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{2} (OK) 点 (10,5)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)} 在可行域内。z=15\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{z}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{5}。 由此可见,z\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{z} 可以无限增大,因此**无最大值**。

关于最小值: 我们已经知道在顶点 B(2,0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}z=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{z}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2},在 A(1,2)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}z=3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{z}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{3}。 由于可行域在 l1:2x+y=4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{l}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{:} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{4} 的右上方,且目标函数梯度 (1,1)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}l1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{l}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}} 法向量 (2,1)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)} 夹角为锐角,或者直接通过代数推导: 在可行域内,必须满足 2x+y4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=15}{\geqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{4}x2y2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=15}{\leqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{2} 以及 xy1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=14}{\geqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{1}。 我们已知在线段 AB\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B}z\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{z} 的最小值是 2。 在可行域的其他部分,例如 x>2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{>} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2} 的区域,前面推导了 z32x1>2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{z} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=12}{\geqslant }\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{3}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{>} \htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{2}。 那 x<1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1} 的区域呢? 如果 x<1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1},由 xy1yx+1<2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=14}{\geqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=29}{\Rightarrow }\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=41}{\leqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{2}。 由 2x+y4y42x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=15}{\geqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{4} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=29}{\Rightarrow }\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=41}{\geqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{x}。 所以需要 42xyx+1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=15}{\leqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=27}{\leqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{1}。 这意味着 42xx+133xx1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=15}{\leqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=31}{\Rightarrow }\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{3} \htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=43}{\leqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=58}{\Rightarrow }\htmlData{tutor-start=58,tutor-end=59}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=60,tutor-end=70}{\geqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=70,tutor-end=71}{1}。 这与假设 x<1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1} 矛盾。说明可行域中不存在 x<1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1} 的点。 因此,可行域的 x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} 范围是 x1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=12}{\geqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{1}。 既然 x1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=12}{\geqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{1},且在 x[1,2]\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=6}{\in }\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{]} 时,可行域被夹在 l1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{l}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}l2/l3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{l}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{l}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{3}} 之间,最小值必然出现在边界顶点或边上。经比较,B(2,0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)} 给出最小值 2。

结论:z\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{z} 有最小值 2,无最大值。

zmin=2, 无 zmax\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{z}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{i}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{n}} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{,} \text{ \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{无} } \htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{z}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{x}}
7

一、选择题 · 平面向量

已知 a=(3,2),b=(1,0)\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{a}}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{,} \boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{b}}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{)}, 向量 λa+b\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=8}{\lambda }\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{a}}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{+}\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{b}}a2b\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{a}}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{2}\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{b}} 垂直, 则实数 λ\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=7}{\lambda} 的值为 ( ) (A) 17\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{-}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{7}} (B) 17\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{7}} (C) 16\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{-}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{6}} (D) 16\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{6}}

答案:A(-1/7)

题目标签:向量垂直求参数

解题过程

向量垂直求参数

求 λ

(1)
写两个向量

先完成线性组合。

详细展开:λa+b=(3λ1,2λ)\lambda\boldsymbol a+\boldsymbol b=(-3\lambda-1,2\lambda)a2b=(1,2)\boldsymbol a-2\boldsymbol b=(-1,2)

u=(3λ1,2λ),v=(1,2)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{u}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=12}{\lambda}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=23}{\lambda}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{,}\quad \htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{v}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{)}
(2)
令点积为零

垂直向量点积为零。

详细展开:(3λ1)(1)+4λ=7λ+1=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=10}{\lambda}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=26}{\lambda}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{7}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=35}{\lambda}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{0},所以 λ=1/7\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=7}{\lambda}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{7}

17,选 A\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{-}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{7}}\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{选} \htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{A}}}
8

一、选择题 · 数列

等差数列 {an}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=2}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{n}}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=9}{\}}n\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{n} 项和为 Sn\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{S}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{n}}. 已知 am1+am+1am2=0,S2m1=38\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{m}}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{S}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{8}, 则 m=\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=} ( ) (A) 38 (B) 20 (C) 10 (D) 9

答案:C(10)

题目标签:等差数列中项

解题过程

等差数列中项

求 m

(1)
化简局部条件

等差数列满足相邻对称项和为两倍中项。

详细展开:am1+am+1=2am\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{m}},故 2amam2=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{m}}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{m}}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{0}。结合和不为零可知 am=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{m}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}

am=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{m}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}
(2)
使用奇数项和

S2m1=(2m1)am\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{S}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{m}}

详细展开:2(2m1)=38\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{8},解得 m=10\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{0}

m=10\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{0}}
9

一、选择题 · 立体几何

如图, 正方体 ABCDA1B1C1D1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{A}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{B}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{D}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{1}} 的棱线长为1, 线段 B1D1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{D}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{1}} 上有两个动点 E,F\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{E}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{F}, 且 EF=22\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{E}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{F}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=}\frac{\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{2}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{2}}, 则下列结论中错误的是 ( ) (A) ACBE\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=9}{\perp }\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{E} (B) EF//平面ABCD\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{E}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{F} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{/} \text{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{平}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{面}} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{D} (C) 三棱锥 ABEF\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{E}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{F} 的体积为定值 (D) 异面直线 AE,BF\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{E}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{F} 所成的角为定值

原卷图示 1
原卷图示 1原卷第 1 页 · qwen3.7-plus_layout_detection · 需复核

答案:D

题目标签:正方体动点命题

解题过程

正方体动点命题

找出错误结论

(1)
验证前三项

用坐标与同底等高关系检查。

详细展开:设 E=(t,t,1)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{E}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{)},则 ACBE=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=8}{\cdot }\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{E}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{0};EF 平行顶面对角线,故平行底面;EF 长度固定且所在直线固定,点 A 到平面 BEF 的相应体积也固定。

A、B、C 均正确\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{、}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{、}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{C} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{均}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{正}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{确}}
(2)
检验异面角

让 E 沿对角线移动,F 与 E 保持定距。

详细展开:AE\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{E}}BF\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{F}} 的点积和长度都含参数 t,取端部与中部可得不同余弦,因此夹角不固定。

错误的是 D\boxed{\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{错}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{误}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{的}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{是} \htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{D}}}
10

一、选择题 · 算法

如果执行如图的程序框图, 输入 x=2,h=0.5\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{h}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{5}, 那么输出的各个数的和等于 ( ) (A) 3 (B) 3.5 (C) 4 (D) 4.5

原卷图示 1
原卷图示 1原卷第 1 页 · qwen3.7-plus_layout_detection · 需复核

答案:B(3.5)

题目标签:程序框图求和

解题过程

程序框图求和

求全部输出之和

(1)
列出循环输出

从 -2 起每次增加 0.5,先输出再判断是否到 2。

详细展开:x<0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{<}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0} 输出 0;0x<1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=5}{\le }\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{<}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1} 输出 x;x1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=4}{\ge}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1} 输出 1。非零输出为 0.5,1,1,1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{1}

0.5+1+1+1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{1}
(2)
相加

终值 x=2 也先输出 1 后结束。

详细展开:总和为 3.5\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{5}

3.5,选 B\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{5}\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{选} \htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{B}}}
11

一、选择题 · 立体几何

一个棱锥的三视图如图, 则该棱锥的全面积 (单位: cm2\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{c}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{m}}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}}) 为 ( ) (A) 48+122\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{8}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}} (B) 48+242\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{8}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{4}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}} (C) 36+122\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}} (D) 36+242\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{4}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}}

原卷图示 1
原卷图示 1原卷第 1 页 · qwen3.7-plus_layout_detection · 需复核

答案:A(48+12√2)

题目标签:棱锥三视图

解题过程

棱锥三视图

求全面积

(1)
还原棱锥

由三视图还原底面与四个侧面并读取 3、4、6。

详细展开:底面及两个直角侧面的面积和为 48;另外两个斜侧面的高均为 22\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}},面积各为 62\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{6}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}}

Sflat=48,Soblique=122\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{S}_{\rm \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{l}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{t}}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{8}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{,}\quad \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{S}_{\rm \htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{o}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{l}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{i}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{q}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{u}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{e}}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{2}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{2}}
(2)
汇总

把所有可见投影对应的实际面面积相加。

详细展开:全面积为 48+122\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{8}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}}

48+122,选 A\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{8}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{2}}\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{选} \htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{A}}}
12

一、选择题 · 函数

min{a,b,c}\min\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=6}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{c}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=13}{\}} 表示 a,b,c\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{c} 三个数中的最小值. 设 f(x)=min{2x,x+2,10x}(x0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{=}\min\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=11}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{x}}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=29}{\}} \htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=43}{\geqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{)}, 则 f(x)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)} 的最大值为 ( ) (A) 4 (B) 5 (C) 6 (D) 7

答案:C(6)

题目标签:三函数下包络

解题过程

三函数下包络

求 min 函数最大值

(1)
找控制函数切换点

比较三个候选函数。

详细展开:2x=x+2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{2}x=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2} 相交,x+2=10x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{x}x=4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{4} 相交;在三段上最小函数依次为 2x,x+2,10x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{x}

f(x)=2x, x+2, 10x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{x}}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=13}{\ }\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=19}{\ }\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{x}
(2)
读取峰值

下包络在 x=4 前递增、之后递减。

详细展开:f(4)=min{16,6,6}=6\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{=}\min\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=11}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=19}{\}}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{6},故最大值为 6。

6,选 C\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{6}\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{选} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{C}}}
13

二、填空题 · 导数

曲线 y=xex+2x+1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{e}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{x}}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{1} 在点 (0,1)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)} 处的切线方程为______.

答案:y=3x+1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1}

题目标签:曲线切线

解题过程

曲线切线

求切线方程

(1)
求导数

切点横坐标为 0。

详细展开:y=ex+xex+2=ex(1+x)+2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}'\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{e}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{x}}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{e}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{x}}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{e}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{x}}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{2},所以 y(0)=3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}'\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{3}

k=3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{3}
(2)
写点斜式

切线经过 (0,1)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}

详细展开:y1=3(x0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{)},即 y=3x+1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1}

y=3x+1\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{1}}
14

二、填空题 · 解析几何

已知抛物线 C\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C} 的顶点坐标为原点, 焦点在 x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} 轴上, 直线 y=x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x} 与抛物线 C\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C} 交于 A,B\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{B} 两点, 若 P(2,2)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}AB\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B} 的中点, 则抛物线 C\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C} 的方程为______.

答案:y²=4x

题目标签:抛物线中点弦

解题过程

抛物线中点弦

求抛物线方程

(1)
设标准方程

顶点在原点、焦点在 x 轴,可设 y2=2px\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{p}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{x}

详细展开:直线 y=x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x} 代入后两交点横坐标为 0、2p\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{p},其中点横坐标为 p。

x1+x2=2p\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{p}
(2)
使用给定中点

中点 P 的横坐标为 2。

详细展开:故 p=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{p}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2},方程为 y2=4x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{x};交点 (0,0),(4,4)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{)} 的中点确为 (2,2)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}

y2=4x\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{y}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{x}}
15

二、填空题 · 数列

等比数列 {an}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=2}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{n}}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=9}{\}} 的公比 q>0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{q}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{>}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}, 已知 a2=1,an+2+an+1=6an\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{n}}, 则 {an}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=2}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{n}}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=9}{\}} 的前4项和 S4=\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{S}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{4}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}______.

答案:15/2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}

题目标签:等比数列递推

解题过程

等比数列递推

求前四项和

(1)
求公比

把递推式除以 an。

详细展开:q2+q=6\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{q}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{q}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{6},即 (q2)(q+3)=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{q}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{q}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{0};因 q>0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{q}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{>}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0},故 q=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{q}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}

q=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{q}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}
(2)
求首项并求和

a2=a1q=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{q}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{1}

详细展开:a1=1/2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{2},前四项为 1/2,1,2,4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{4},和为 15/2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}

S4=152\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{S}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{4}}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{=}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{5}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{2}}}
16

二、填空题 · 三角函数

已知函数 f(x)=2sin(ωx+φ)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{2}\sin\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=18}{\omega }\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=27}{\varphi}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{)} 的图象如图所示, 则 f(7π12)=\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\left(\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{7}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=17}{\pi}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{2}}\right)\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{=}______.

原卷图示 1
原卷图示 1原卷第 1 页 · qwen3.7-plus_layout_detection · 需复核

答案:√3

题目标签:正弦图象读值

解题过程

正弦图象读值

求指定函数值

(1)
由图确定解析式

相邻同向零点为 π/4,5π/4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=3}{\pi}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=10}{\pi}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{4},故周期为 π。

详细展开:ω=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=6}{\omega}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2};在 x=π/4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=5}{\pi}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{4} 处向上过零,可取 f(x)=2sin(2xπ/2)=2cos2x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{2}\sin\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=17}{\pi}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{2}\cos\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{x}

f(x)=2cos2x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}\cos\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{x}
(2)
代入

x=7π/12\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{7}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=6}{\pi}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{2}

详细展开:f(7π/12)=2cos(7π/6)=3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{7}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=6}{\pi}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}\cos\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{7}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=22}{\pi}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{=}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{3}}

3\boxed{\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{3}}}
17

三、解答题 · 空间向量

如图, 为了了解某海域海底构造, 在海平面内一条直线上的 A,B,C\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{C} 三点进行测量, 已知 AB=50 m,BC=120 m\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}\text{ \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{m}}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{0}\text{ \htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{m}}, 于 A\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A} 处测得水深 AD=80 m\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{8}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}\text{ \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{m}}, 于 B\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B} 处测得水深 BE=200 m\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{E}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{0}\text{ \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{m}}, 于 C\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C} 处测得水深 CF=110 m\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{F}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{0}\text{ \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{m}}, 求 DEF\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=7}{\angle }\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{E}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{F} 的余弦值.

原卷图示 1
原卷图示 1原卷第 1 页 · qwen3.7-plus_layout_detection · 需复核

答案:16/65\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{5}

题目标签:海底三点夹角

解题过程

海底三点夹角

求 cos∠DEF

(1)
建立竖直剖面坐标

以海平面直线为横轴、向下为纵轴。

详细展开:可取 D=(0,80),E=(50,200),F=(170,110)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{8}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{E}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{F}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{7}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{)},故 ED=(50,120)\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{E}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{D}}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{)}EF=(120,90)\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{E}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{F}}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{)}

ED=130,EF=150\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{E}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{,}\quad \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{E}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{F}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{0}
(2)
使用点积

夹角余弦等于点积除以长度积。

详细展开:点积为 6000+10800=4800\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{8}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{8}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{0},所以余弦为 4800/(130150)=16/65\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{8}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=14}{\cdot}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{5}

cosDEF=1665\boxed{\cos\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=18}{\angle }\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{E}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{F}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{=}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{6}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{5}}}
18

解答题 · 立体几何

如图,在三棱锥 PABC\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{C} 中,PAB\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=10}{\triangle }\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{B} 是等边三角形,PAC=PBC=90\angle PAC = \angle PBC = 90^\circ. (1) 求证:ABPC\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=9}{\perp }\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{C}; (2) 若 PC=4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{4},且平面 PAC\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{C} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=9}{\perp} 平面 PBC\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{C},求三棱锥 PABC\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{C} 体积.

原卷图示 1
原卷图示 1原卷第 2 页 · qwen3.7-plus_layout_detection · 需复核

答案:见证明;8/3

题目标签:三棱锥垂直与体积

解题过程

(1)证明 AB⊥PC

用向量点积

(1)
改写 AB

把所有向量起点统一到 P。

详细展开:AB=PBPA\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{B}}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{=}\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{B}}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{-}\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=56,tutor-end=57}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=57,tutor-end=58}{A}}。由 PAAC\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=8}{\perp }\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{C}PAPC=PA2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=8}{\cdot }\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{A}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{2}};由 PBBC\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=8}{\perp }\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{C}PBPC=PB2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=8}{\cdot }\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{B}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{2}}

PAPC=PA2,PBPC=PB2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=8}{\cdot }\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{A}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{,}\quad \htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=32}{\cdot }\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{B}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{2}}
(2)
利用等边

等边三角形给 PA=PB。

详细展开:ABPC=PBPCPAPC=PB2PA2=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=8}{\cdot }\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=19}{\cdot }\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=30}{\cdot }\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{B}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{A}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{0}

ABPC\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=15}{\perp }\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{C}}

(2)求三棱锥体积

在两平面垂直时求体积

(1)
在互相垂直平面中建坐标

令 PC 为 z 轴,两垂直平面分别为 xz、yz 平面。

详细展开:取 P=(0,0,0),C=(0,0,4),A=(x,0,z),B=(0,y,z)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{z}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{z}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{)}。设等边边长为 s,垂直条件给 z=s2/4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{z}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{s}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{4}

x2+z2=y2+z2=s2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{z}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{y}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{z}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{s}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{2}}
(2)
使用 AB=s

等边还给 x2+y2=s2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{y}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{s}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{2}}

详细展开:由对称式得 2(s2s4/16)=s2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{s}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{s}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{4}}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{s}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{2}},所以 s2=8,z=2,x=y=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{s}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{8}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{z}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}。体积为 xy4/6=8/3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=8}{\cdot}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{8}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{3}

V=83\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{V}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{8}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{3}}}
19

解答题 · 概率统计

某工厂有工人1000名,其中250名工人参加过短期培训(称为 A\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A} 类工人),另外750名工人参加过长期培训(称为 B\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B} 类工人),现用分层抽样方法(按 A\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A} 类、B\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B} 类分二层)从该工厂的工人中共抽查100名工人,调查他们的生产能力(此处生产能力指一天加工的零件数). (1) 求甲、乙两工人都被抽到的概率,其中甲为 A\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A} 类工人,乙为 B\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B} 类工人; (2) 从 A\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A} 类工人中的抽查结果和从 B\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B} 类工人中的抽插结果分别如下表1和表2. 表1: | 生产能力分组 | [100,110)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{)} | [110,120)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{)} | [120,130)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{)} | [130,140)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{)} | [140,150)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{)} | | :--- | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | | 人数 | 4 | 8 | x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} | 5 | 3 | 表2: | 生产能力分组 | [110,120)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{)} | [120,130)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{)} | [130,140)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{)} | [140,150)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{)} | | :--- | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | | 人数 | 6 | y\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} | 36 | 18 | ①先确定 x,y\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{y},再在答题纸上完成下列频率分布直方图. 就生产能力而言,A\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A} 类工人中个体间的差异程度与 B\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B} 类工人中个体间的差异程度哪个更小?(不用计算,可通过观察直方图直接回答结论) ②分别估计 A\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A} 类工人和 B\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B} 类工人生产能力的平均数,并估计该工厂工人的生产能力的平均数.(同一组中的数据用该组区间的中点值作代表)

原卷图示 1
原卷图示 1原卷第 2 页 · qwen3.7-plus_layout_detection · 需复核
原卷图示 2
原卷图示 2原卷第 2 页 · qwen3.7-plus_layout_detection · 需复核

答案:1/100;x=5,y=15;均值见解析

题目标签:分层抽样统计

解题过程

(1)两人同时入样

求跨层两人均被抽到概率

(1)
确定层样本量

按 1:3 分层抽取 100 人。

详细展开:A 类抽 25 人,B 类抽 75 人。

nA=25,nB=75\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{n}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{A}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{n}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{B}}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{7}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{5}
(2)
相乘

两层独立实施简单随机抽样。

详细展开:甲入样概率 25/250\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{0},乙入样概率 75/750\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{7}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{7}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{0},乘积为 1/100\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}

1100\boxed{\frac1{100}}

(2)补表与差异比较

求 x、y 并比较离散程度

(1)
利用层样本总数

两表人数分别应为 25、75。

详细展开:x=25(4+8+5+3)=5\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{8}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{5}y=75(6+36+18)=15\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{7}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{8}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{5}

x=5,y=15\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\quad \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{5}
(2)
观察直方图

比较频率分布的集中程度。

详细展开:B 类频率更集中在 130 至 150,A 类跨越区间更宽,故 B 类个体差异较小。

B 类差异更小\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{B}\text{ \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{类}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{差}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{异}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{更}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{小}}}

(3)估计平均生产能力

求两层及总体均值

(1)
用组中值加权

各组用中点代表。

详细展开:A 类均值为 (1054+1158+1255+1355+1453)/25=123\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=9}{\cdot}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=19}{\cdot}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{8}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=29}{\cdot}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=39}{\cdot}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=49}{\cdot}\htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=50}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=50,tutor-end=51}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=51,tutor-end=52}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=52,tutor-end=53}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=53,tutor-end=54}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=54,tutor-end=55}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=55,tutor-end=56}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=56,tutor-end=57}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=57,tutor-end=58}{3};B 类为 (1156+12515+13536+14518)/75=133.8\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=9}{\cdot}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=19}{\cdot}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=30}{\cdot}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=41}{\cdot}\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{8}\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{7}\htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=48,tutor-end=49}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=50}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=50,tutor-end=51}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=51,tutor-end=52}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=52,tutor-end=53}{8}

xˉA=123,xˉB=133.8\bar{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{x}}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{A}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{,}\quad\bar{\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{x}}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{B}}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{8}
(2)
按总体层权重合并

A、B 类权重为 1/4、3/4。

详细展开:总体估计均值 0.25123+0.75133.8=131.1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=9}{\cdot}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{7}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=22}{\cdot}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{8}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{1}

xˉ=131.1\boxed{\bar{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{x}}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{1}}
20

解答题 · 解析几何

已知椭圆 C\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C} 的中心为直角坐标系 xOy\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{y} 的原点,焦点在 x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} 轴上,它的一个顶点到两个焦点的距离分别是7和1. (1) 求椭圆 C\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C} 的方程; (2) 若 P\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{P} 为椭圆 C\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C} 上的动点,M\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{M} 为过 P\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{P} 且垂直于 x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} 轴的直线上的点,OPOM=e\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{|}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{|}} \htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{e}e\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{e} 为椭圆 C\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C} 的离心率),求点 M\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{M} 的轨迹方程,并说明轨迹是什么曲线.

答案:x²/16+y²/7=1;Y=±4√7/3

题目标签:椭圆与平行线段轨迹

解题过程

(1)求椭圆方程

由顶点焦距求标准方程

(1)
求 a、c

同一长轴顶点到两焦点距离为 a-c 与 a+c。

详细展开:a+c=7,ac=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{c}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{7}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{c}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1},所以 a=4,c=3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{c}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{3}

a=4,c=3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{c}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{3}
(2)
求 b

b2=a2c2=7\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{c}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{7}

详细展开:焦点在 x 轴,故方程为 x2/16+y2/7=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{y}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{7}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{1}

x216+y27=1\boxed{\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{6}}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{+}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{y}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{2}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{7}}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{1}}

(2)求 M 的轨迹

在 λ=e 时识别轨迹

(1)
代入离心率

第一问给 a=4,c=3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{c}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{3},故 e=3/4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{e}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{4}

详细展开:沿用一般消元式 Y2=7/λ2+(9/(16λ2)1)x2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{Y}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{7}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=15}{\lambda}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=33}{\lambda}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{2}},代入 λ=3/4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=7}{\lambda}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{4} 后 x 项恰好消失。

Y2=1129\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{Y}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{9}}
(2)
保留横坐标范围

P 在椭圆上意味着 -4≤x≤4。

详细展开:所以 M 的轨迹是两条平行于 x 轴的线段 Y=±47/3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{Y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=5}{\pm}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{4}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{7}}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{3},横坐标范围为 [4,4]\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{]}

Y=±473,4x4\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{Y}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=12}{\pm}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{4}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{7}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{,}\quad\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=43}{\le }\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=47}{\le}\htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{4}}
21

解答题 · 导数

已知函数 f(x)=x33ax29a2x+a3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{3}} \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{3}}. (1) 设 a=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1},求函数 f(x)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)} 的极值; (2) 若 a>14\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{>} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{4}},且当 x[1,4a]\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=6}{\in }\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{]} 时,f(x)12a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{f}'\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{|} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=18}{\leqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{a} 恒成立,试确定 a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a} 的取值范围.

答案:极大6、极小-26;1/4<a≤4/5

题目标签:三次函数极值与导数界

解题过程

(1)a=1 时求极值

求函数极大值与极小值

(1)
求导判号

代入 a=1。

详细展开:f(x)=3(x+1)(x3)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}'\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{)},故在 (,1)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=8}{\infty}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{)}(3,)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=9}{\infty}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{)} 为正,在 (1,3)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)} 为负。

x=1 极大,x=3 极小\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\text{ \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{极}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{大}}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{,}\quad \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{3}\text{ \htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{极}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{小}}
(2)
代回函数

分别计算两个临界点函数值。

详细展开:f(1)=6\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{6}f(3)=26\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{6}

极大值 6;极小值 26\boxed{\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{极}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{大}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{值} }\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{;}\quad\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{极}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{小}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{值} }\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{6}}

(2)导数绝对值恒有界

求 a 的范围

(1)
考察区间端点

f(x)=3(x3a)(x+a)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}'\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{)}。候选范围中 a<1,故该二次式在 [1,4a] 单调递增。

详细展开:必要条件由右端点给 f(4a)=15a212a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{f}'\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=19}{\le}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{a},即 a4/5\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=4}{\le}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{5}

a45\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=4}{\le}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{4}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{5}}
(2)
验证左端点

结合 a>1/4 检查 x=1。

详细展开:3(13a)(1+a)12a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=17}{\le}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{a}1/4<a4/5\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{<}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=8}{\le}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{5} 内恒成立;单调函数绝对值的最大值在端点,因此条件充分。

14<a45\boxed{\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{4}}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{<}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=23}{\le}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{4}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{5}}}
22

解答题 · 平面几何

如图,已知 ABC\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=10}{\triangle }\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{C} 的两条角平分线 AD\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{D}CE\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{E} 相交于 H\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{H}B=60\angle B = 60^\circF\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{F}AC\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C} 上,且 AE=AF\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{E}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{F}. (1) 证明:B,D,H,E\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{H}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{E} 四点共圆; (2) 证明:CE\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{E} 平分 DEF\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=7}{\angle }\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{E}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{F}.

原卷图示 1
原卷图示 1原卷第 2 页 · qwen3.7-plus_layout_detection · 需复核

答案:见证明

题目标签:角平分线几何证明

解题过程

(1)证明四点共圆

证明 B、D、H、E 共圆

(1)
利用内心角

H 是内心,BH 也平分 60° 的 B 角。

详细展开:通过角平分线与三角形内角关系可得 BDH+BEH=180\angle BDH+\angle BEH=180^\circ

BDH+BEH=180\angle BDH+\angle BEH=180^\circ
(2)
应用圆内接判定

一组对角互补的四边形为圆内接四边形。

详细展开:因此 B、D、H、E 四点共圆。

B,D,H,E 共圆\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{H}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{E}\text{ \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{共}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{圆}}}

(2)证明 CE 平分 DEF

证明两侧角均为 30°

(1)
由圆求一侧角

圆周角配合 B 角平分线。

详细展开:DEC=DEH=DBH=30\angle DEC=\angle DEH=\angle DBH=30^\circ

DEC=30\angle DEC=30^\circ
(2)
由等腰三角形求另一侧

AE=AF 使三角形 AEF 为等腰。

详细展开:AEF=(B+C)/2=30+C/2\angle AEF=(B+C)/2=30^\circ+C/2;又 CE 平分 C,作角差得 CEF=30\angle CEF=30^\circ

DEC=CEF\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=14}{\angle }\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{E}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=25}{\angle }\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{E}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{F}}
23

解答题 · 参数方程

已知曲线 C1:{x=4+cost,y=3+sint,\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{:} \begin{cases} \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{4} \htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{+} \cos \htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{,} \\ \htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{3} \htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{+} \sin \htmlData{tutor-start=54,tutor-end=55}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=55,tutor-end=56}{,} \end{cases} (t\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{t} 为参数),C2:{x=8cosθ,y=3sinθ,\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{:} \begin{cases} \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{8} \cos \htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=38}{\theta}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{,} \\ \htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{3} \sin \htmlData{tutor-start=54,tutor-end=60}{\theta}\htmlData{tutor-start=60,tutor-end=61}{,} \end{cases} (θ\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=6}{\theta} 为参数). (1) 化 C1,C2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}} 的方程为普通方程,并说明它们分别表示什么曲线; (2) 若 C1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}} 上的点 P\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{P} 对应的参数为 t=π2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{t} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=13}{\pi}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{2}}Q\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{Q}C2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}} 上的动点,求 PQ\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{Q} 中点 M\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{M} 到直线 C3:{x=3+2t,y=2+t,\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{:} \begin{cases} \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{3} \htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{,} \\ \htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{2} \htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{,} \end{cases} (t\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{t} 为参数) 距离的最小值.

答案:圆、椭圆;8√5/5

题目标签:参数曲线与距离

解题过程

(1)化普通方程

识别两条曲线

(1)
消去 t

把正余弦平方相加。

详细展开:C1:(x+4)2+(y3)2=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{:}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{1},是圆心 (4,3)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}、半径 1 的圆。

(x+4)2+(y3)2=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{1}
(2)
消去 θ

分别除以半轴后平方相加。

详细展开:C2:x2/64+y2/9=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{:}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{y}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{1},是中心在原点、焦点在 x 轴的椭圆。

x264+y29=1\boxed{\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{4}}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{+}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{y}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{2}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{9}}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{1}}

(2)中点到直线最短距离

求最小值

(1)
写 M 与直线

P=(-4,4),Q=(8cosθ,3sinθ)。

详细展开:M=(4cosθ2,32sinθ+2)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{4}\cos\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=14}{\theta}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{,}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{3}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{2}}\sin\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=38}{\theta}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{)}C3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{3}}x2y7=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{7}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{0}

d=4costheta3sintheta135\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{d}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{4}\cos\\\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{h}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{e}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{3}\sin\\\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{h}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{e}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{|}}{\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{5}}}
(2)
用辅助角取最值

4cosθ3sinθ5\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{4}\cos\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=11}{\theta}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{3}\sin\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=23}{\theta}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=26}{\le}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{5}

详细展开:绝对值内恒为负,故最小距离为 (135)/5=85/5\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{/}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{5}}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{8}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{5}}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{5}

855\boxed{\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{8}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{5}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{5}}}
24

解答题 · 函数

如图,O\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O} 为数轴的原点,A,B,M\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{M} 为数轴上三点,C\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C} 为线段 OM\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{M} 上的动点,设 x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} 表示 C\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C} 与原点的距离,y\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} 表示 C\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}A\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A} 距离4倍与 C\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}B\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B} 距离的6倍的和. (1) 将 y\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} 表示成 x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} 的函数; (2) 要使 y\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} 的值不超过70,x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} 应该在什么范围内取值?

原卷图示 1
原卷图示 1原卷第 2 页 · qwen3.7-plus_layout_detection · 需复核

答案:分段见解析;[9,23]

题目标签:数轴绝对值函数

解题过程

(1)写分段函数

将 y 表示为 x 的函数

(1)
写绝对值

原图给出 A=10、B=20、M=30。

详细展开:0x30\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=5}{\le }\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=9}{\le}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{0}y=4x10+6x20\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{|}

y=4x10+6x20\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{|}
(2)
按断点展开

在 10、20 处分段。

详细展开:y=16010x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{x}0x10\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=5}{\le }\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=9}{\le}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{0}),y=802x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{8}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{x}10x20\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=6}{\le }\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=10}{\le}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{0}),y=10x160\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{0}20x30\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=6}{\le }\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=10}{\le}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{0})。

y={16010x802x10x160\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=}\begin{cases}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{x}\\\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{8}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{x}\\\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{0}\end{cases}}

(2)解不等式

求 y≤70 的 x 范围

(1)
逐段求解

分别在三个定义区间解线性不等式。

详细展开:第一段给 x9\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=4}{\ge}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{9};中段全部满足;第三段给 x23\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=4}{\le}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{3}

x[9,10][10,20][20,23]\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=4}{\in}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{]}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=14}{\cup}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{]}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=25}{\cup}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{]}
(2)
合并

相邻区间端点连通。

详细展开:最终范围为 9x23\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=5}{\le }\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=9}{\le}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{3}

x[9,23]\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=11}{\in}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{]}}