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2009 年高考数学(上海卷理科)

exams_raw/普通高考/2009/2009上海理.pdf · HS-MATH-1024-v2.1-solution-aware

2329 个小问/题组
1

一、填空题 · 复数

若复数 z\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{z} 满足 z(1+i)=1i\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{z}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{+}\mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{i}}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{-}\mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{i}} (i\mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{i}} 是虚数单位),则其共轭复数 z=\overline{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{z}}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{=} ______.

答案:i\mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{i}}

题目标签:复数除法与共轭复数计算

解题过程

求解共轭复数

根据给定的复数方程求出 z,进而求出其共轭复数

(1)
化简复数 z

通过复数除法运算,将方程变形为 z = (1-i)/(1+i),并利用分母实数化技巧进行化简。

详细展开: 由题设 z(1+i)=1i\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{z}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{+}\mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{i}}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{-}\mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{i}},可得: z=1i1+i\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{z} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{-}\mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{i}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{+}\mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{i}}} 为了化简该分式,分子分母同时乘以分母的共轭复数 (1i)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{i}}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{)}z=(1i)(1i)(1+i)(1i)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{z} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{-}\mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{i}}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{-}\mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{i}}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{)}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{+}\mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=51,tutor-end=52}{i}}\htmlData{tutor-start=53,tutor-end=54}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=54,tutor-end=55}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=55,tutor-end=56}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=56,tutor-end=57}{-}\mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=65,tutor-end=66}{i}}\htmlData{tutor-start=67,tutor-end=68}{)}} 计算分母:(1+i)(1i)=12i2=1(1)=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{+}\mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{i}}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{-}\mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{i}}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{1}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{-} \mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{i}}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=51,tutor-end=52}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=54,tutor-end=55}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=56,tutor-end=57}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=58,tutor-end=59}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=60,tutor-end=61}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=61,tutor-end=62}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=62,tutor-end=63}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=63,tutor-end=64}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=65,tutor-end=66}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=67,tutor-end=68}{2}。 计算分子:(1i)2=12i+i2=12i1=2i\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{i}}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{2}\mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{i}} \htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{+} \mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{i}}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=51,tutor-end=52}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=54,tutor-end=55}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=56,tutor-end=57}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=58,tutor-end=59}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=60,tutor-end=61}{2}\mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=69,tutor-end=70}{i}} \htmlData{tutor-start=72,tutor-end=73}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=74,tutor-end=75}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=76,tutor-end=77}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=78,tutor-end=79}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=79,tutor-end=80}{2}\mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=88,tutor-end=89}{i}}。 因此: z=2i2=i\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{z} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}\mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{i}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{-}\mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{i}}

z=1i1+i=i\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{z} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{-}\mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{i}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{+}\mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{i}}} \htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{-}\mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=50}{i}}
(2)
求共轭复数

根据共轭复数的定义,改变虚部符号得到最终结果。

详细展开: 已知 z=i=01i\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{z} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{-}\mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{i}} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{0} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=28}{\cdot}\mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{i}}。 根据共轭复数定义,若 z=a+bi\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{z} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{b}\mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{i}},则 z=abi\overline{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{z}} \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{b}\mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{i}}。 此处 a=0,b=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{1},故: z=0(1)i=i\overline{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{z}} \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{0} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{)}\mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{i}} \htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{=} \mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{i}}

z=i\overline{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{z}} \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{=} \mathrm{\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{i}}
2

一、填空题 · 集合与逻辑

已知集合 A={xx1}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=4}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=11}{\mid }\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=23}{\leqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=26}{\}}, B={xxa}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=4}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=11}{\mid }\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=23}{\geqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=26}{\}}, 且 AB=R\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=7}{\cup }\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{B} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{=} \mathbf{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{R}}, 则实数 a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a} 的取值范围是 ______.

答案:a1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=12}{\leqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{1}

题目标签:集合并集为全集的参数范围

解题过程

分析集合并集条件

根据 A union B = R 确定参数 a 的不等式

(1)
解析集合区间

将集合描述法转化为区间表示,直观分析覆盖情况。

详细展开: 集合 A={xx1}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=6}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=13}{\mid }\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=25}{\leqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=28}{\}} 对应区间 (,1]\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=8}{\infty}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{]}。 集合 B={xxa}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=6}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=13}{\mid }\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=25}{\geqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=28}{\}} 对应区间 [a,+)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=11}{\infty}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{)}。 题目条件 AB=R\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=7}{\cup }\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{B} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{=} \mathbf{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{R}} 意味着这两个区间的并集必须覆盖整个实数轴,中间不能有空隙。

A=(,1],B=[a,+)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=12}{\infty}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{]}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{,} \quad \htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{B} \htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=39}{\infty}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{)}
(2)
建立不等式求解

根据无空隙条件列出关于 a 的不等式。

详细展开: 若要 (,1][a,+)=R\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=8}{\infty}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{]} \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=18}{\cup }\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=29}{\infty}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{=} \mathbf{\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{R}},则集合 B 的左端点 a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a} 必须在集合 A 的右端点 1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1} 的左侧或重合。 如果 a>1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{>} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1},则区间 (1,a)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)} 内的实数既不属于 A 也不属于 B,并集不为 R。 如果 a1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=12}{\leqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{1},则任意实数 x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}: - 当 x1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=12}{\leqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{1} 时,xA\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=6}{\in }\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{A}; - 当 x>1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{>} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1} 时,因 a1<x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=12}{\leqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{x},故 xa\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=12}{\geqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{a},即 xB\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=6}{\in }\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{B}。 因此,充要条件为 a1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=12}{\leqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{1}

a1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=12}{\leqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{1}
3

一、填空题 · 行列式

若行列式 45x1x3789\begin{vmatrix} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{4} & \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{5} & \htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{x} \\ \htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{1} & \htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{x} & \htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{3} \\ \htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{7} & \htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{8} & \htmlData{tutor-start=50,tutor-end=51}{9} \end{vmatrix} 中,元素 4 的代数余子式大于 0,则 x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} 满足的条件是 ______.

答案:x<8\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{8}

题目标签:行列式代数余子式的计算

解题过程

计算代数余子式并解不等式

求出元素 4 的代数余子式表达式,并解大于 0 的不等式

(1)
确定代数余子式

根据代数余子式定义,划去所在行和列,计算剩余二阶行列式并乘以符号位。

详细展开: 给定行列式 D=45x1x3789\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{D} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \begin{vmatrix} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{4} & \htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{5} & \htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{x} \\ \htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{1} & \htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{x} & \htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{3} \\ \htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{7} & \htmlData{tutor-start=50,tutor-end=51}{8} & \htmlData{tutor-start=54,tutor-end=55}{9} \end{vmatrix}。 元素 4 位于第 1 行第 1 列,即 a11=4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{4}。 其代数余子式 A11\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}} 定义为: A11=(1)1+1M11=1x389\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{M}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=37}{\cdot }\begin{vmatrix} \htmlData{tutor-start=53,tutor-end=54}{x} & \htmlData{tutor-start=57,tutor-end=58}{3} \\ \htmlData{tutor-start=62,tutor-end=63}{8} & \htmlData{tutor-start=66,tutor-end=67}{9} \end{vmatrix} 其中 M11\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{M}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}} 是划去第 1 行和第 1 列后剩下的二阶行列式。

A11=x389\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{=} \begin{vmatrix} \htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{x} & \htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{3} \\ \htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{8} & \htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{9} \end{vmatrix}
(2)
求解不等式

计算二阶行列式的值,并解线性不等式。

详细展开: 计算二阶行列式: x389=x938=9x24\begin{vmatrix} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{x} & \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{3} \\ \htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{8} & \htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{9} \end{vmatrix} \htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=55}{\cdot }\htmlData{tutor-start=55,tutor-end=56}{9} \htmlData{tutor-start=57,tutor-end=58}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=59,tutor-end=60}{3} \htmlData{tutor-start=61,tutor-end=67}{\cdot }\htmlData{tutor-start=67,tutor-end=68}{8} \htmlData{tutor-start=69,tutor-end=70}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=71,tutor-end=72}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=72,tutor-end=73}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=74,tutor-end=75}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=76,tutor-end=77}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=77,tutor-end=78}{4} 根据题意,代数余子式大于 0: 9x24>0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{4} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{>} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{0} 移项得: 9x>24\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{>} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{4} 两边除以 9: x>249=83\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{>} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{4}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{9}} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{8}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{3}}

*自我修正与审计*: 等等,让我重新检查题目中的行列式数值。 题目: Row 1: 4, 5, x Row 2: 1, x, 3 Row 3: 7, 8, 9 元素 4 在 (1,1)。 余子式矩阵是: x, 3 8, 9 Det = 9x - 24. Condition: 9x - 24 > 0 => x > 8/3.

让我再次确认题目文本是否有误读。 "若行列式 ... 中,元素 4 的代数余子式大于 0" 是的,计算无误。

*再次检查常见陷阱*: 有些题目可能会问元素 x 的代数余子式,或者位置看错。 这里明确是元素 4。 位置 (1,1)。 划去 R1, C1。 剩: x 3 8 9 Det = 9x - 24. 9x > 24 -> x > 8/3.

难道我看错了数字? 图片/文本: | 4 5 x | | 1 x 3 | | 7 8 9 | 没错。

*重新审视已知答案的可能性*: 通常这类填空题答案是整数或简单分数。8/3 是合理的。 但是,如果题目是“元素 5 的代数余子式”? A12 = - |1 3; 7 9| = -(9-21) = 12 > 0 (恒成立,不合题意) 如果题目是“元素 x (a13) 的代数余子式”? A13 = + |1 x; 7 8| = 8 - 7x > 0 -> x < 8/7.

让我们仔细看用户提供的文本: "元素 4 的代数余子式" 好吧,我将坚持我的计算 x > 8/3。

*等等,我是否看错了行/列?* 4 是 a11. Correct.

*有没有可能题目里的数字不是 8 和 9?* 文本写的是 7, 8, 9。

*让我们再算一遍*: M11 = det([[x, 3], [8, 9]]) = 9x - 24. A11 = 9x - 24. 9x - 24 > 0 => x > 8/3.

答案应该是 x>83\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{>} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{8}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{3}}

*注*:如果在某些版本中,第三行是 1, 2, 3 或其他,结果会不同。但基于给定文本,这是唯一解。

*再次检查*: 是否有可能我把 x 的位置看错了? Row 1: 4, 5, x. Yes.

好吧,输出 x > 8/3。

9x24>0    x>83\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{4} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{>} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{0} \implies \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{>} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{8}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{3}}
4

一、填空题 · 算法初步

某算法的程序框如图所示,则输出量 y\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} 与输入量 x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} 满足的关系式是 ______.

原卷题面及图示 1
原卷题面及图示 1原卷第 1 页 · question_region_fallback · 需复核

答案:y={2x,x1x2,x>1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\begin{cases} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{x}}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{,} & \htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=37}{\leqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{1} \\ \htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{,} & \htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=50}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=51,tutor-end=52}{>} \htmlData{tutor-start=53,tutor-end=54}{1} \end{cases}

题目标签:程序框图与分段函数

解题过程

解析程序框图逻辑

将流程图的分支结构转化为数学分段函数表达式

(1)
分析判断框与分支

识别流程图中的判断条件及对应的执行路径。

详细展开: 虽然未提供图片,但根据上海卷理科第 4 题的经典真题内容(2009年或类似年份),该题通常考察分段函数。 典型结构为: 输入 x。 判断框:x1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=12}{\leqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{1} ? - 是 (Yes):执行 y=2x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{x}}(或类似指数/线性运算,根据真题回忆,通常是 2x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x}}x+1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1} 等,结合常见题型,此处假设为经典题 y=2x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{x}}x1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=6}{\le }\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1})。 - 否 (No):执行 y=x2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{2}(或类似运算)。

*注*:由于缺乏具体图片,我必须依赖对该经典高考题的记忆。2009上海理4题框图内容为: 输入 x。 若 x <= 1, 则 y = 2^x。 否则, y = x - 2。 输出 y。

我们将基于此经典真题进行解答。若题面有异,请以实际图片为准,但解题逻辑一致: 1. 找到判断框的条件。 2. 分别写出满足条件和不满足条件时的赋值语句。

If x1,y=2x; else y=x2\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{I}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{f} } \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=23}{\leqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{x}}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{;} \text{ \htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{e}\htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{l}\htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{s}\htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{e} } \htmlData{tutor-start=51,tutor-end=52}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=53,tutor-end=54}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=55,tutor-end=56}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=57,tutor-end=58}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=59,tutor-end=60}{2}
(2)
写出分段函数解析式

综合两条路径的结果,用大括号形式表示函数关系。

详细展开: 当 x1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=12}{\leqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{1} 时,y=2x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{x}}。 当 x>1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{>} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1} 时,y=x2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{2}。 故 y\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} 的关系式为: y={2x,x1x2,x>1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \begin{cases} \htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{x}}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{,} & \htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=39}{\leqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{1} \\ \htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=48,tutor-end=49}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=50}{,} & \htmlData{tutor-start=53,tutor-end=54}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=55,tutor-end=56}{>} \htmlData{tutor-start=57,tutor-end=58}{1} \end{cases}

y={2x,x1x2,x>1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \begin{cases} \htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{x}}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{,} & \htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=39}{\leqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{1} \\ \htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=48,tutor-end=49}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=50}{,} & \htmlData{tutor-start=53,tutor-end=54}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=55,tutor-end=56}{>} \htmlData{tutor-start=57,tutor-end=58}{1} \end{cases}
5

一、填空题 · 立体几何

如图,若正四棱柱 ABCDA1B1C1D1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{A}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{B}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{D}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{1}} 的底面边长为 2,高为 4,则异面直线 BD1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{D}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}}AD\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{D} 所成角的大小是 ______. (结果用反三角函数表示)

原卷题面及图示 1
原卷题面及图示 1原卷第 1 页 · question_region_fallback · 需复核

答案:arctan5\arctan \sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{5}}

题目标签:正四棱柱中异面直线夹角

解题过程

求解异面直线夹角

通过平移法或向量法求出 BD1 与 AD 所成角

(1)
几何平移找角

利用正四棱柱的性质,将异面直线平移到同一平面内相交。

详细展开: 在正四棱柱 ABCDA1B1C1D1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{A}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{B}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{D}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{1}} 中,底面 ABCD\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{D} 是正方形,侧棱垂直于底面。 因为 ADBC\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{D} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=13}{\parallel }\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{C},所以异面直线 BD1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{D}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}}AD\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{D} 所成的角,等于直线 BD1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{D}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}}BC\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C} 所成的角(或其补角)。 连接 D1C\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{D}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{C}。我们需要考察 D1CB\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=10}{\triangle }\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{D}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{B} 或相关三角形。 更简单地,连接 BC1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}}?不,直接看 D1BC\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=10}{\triangle }\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{D}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{C} 并不一定是直角三角形。

让我们构建直角三角形: 因为 BC\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=8}{\perp} 平面 CDD1C1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{D}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}}(因为 BCCD\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=9}{\perp }\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{D}BCCC1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=9}{\perp }\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{1}}), 所以 BCCD1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=9}{\perp }\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{D}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{1}}。 这意味着 BCD1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=10}{\triangle }\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{D}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{1}} 是一个直角三角形,BCD1=90\angle BCD_{1} = 90^\circ? 不对。BC\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=8}{\perp} 侧面 CDD1C1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{D}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}},而 CD1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{D}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}} 在该侧面内,所以 BCCD1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=9}{\perp }\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{D}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{1}}。 因此,BCD1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=10}{\triangle }\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{D}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{1}} 是以 C\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C} 为直角顶点的直角三角形。 我们要找的角是 BD1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{D}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}}BC\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C} 的夹角,即 D1BC\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=7}{\angle }\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{D}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{C}

在 RtBCD1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=10}{\triangle }\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{D}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{1}} 中: 直角边 BC=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{2}(底面边长)。 直角边 CD1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{D}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}} 是侧面正方形 CDD1C1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{D}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}} 的对角线。 侧面边长为 2 和 4。CD=2,DD1=4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{D}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{4}CD1=CD2+DD12=22+42=4+16=20=25\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{D}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{=} \sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{D}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{D}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{1}}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{2}}} \htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{=} \sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=50,tutor-end=51}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=52,tutor-end=53}{4}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=55,tutor-end=56}{2}}} \htmlData{tutor-start=59,tutor-end=60}{=} \sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=67,tutor-end=68}{4} \htmlData{tutor-start=69,tutor-end=70}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=71,tutor-end=72}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=72,tutor-end=73}{6}} \htmlData{tutor-start=75,tutor-end=76}{=} \sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=83,tutor-end=84}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=84,tutor-end=85}{0}} \htmlData{tutor-start=87,tutor-end=88}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=89,tutor-end=90}{2}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=96,tutor-end=97}{5}}

所以,在 RtBCD1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=10}{\triangle }\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{D}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{1}} 中,an(D1BC)=CD1BC\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=10}{\angle }\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{D}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{D}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{1}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{C}}

tantheta=CD1BC\tan \\\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{h}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{e}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{D}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{1}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{C}}
(2)
计算角度值

代入数值计算正切值,并用反三角函数表示。

详细展开: tan(D1BC)=252=5\tan\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=12}{\angle }\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{D}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{2}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{5}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{=} \sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=51,tutor-end=52}{5}} 因为异面直线所成角的范围是 (0,π2]\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=13}{\pi}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{]},且正切值为正,故该角为锐角。 所以,所求角的大小为 arctan5\arctan \sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{5}}

theta=arctan5\\\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{h}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{e}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=} \arctan \sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{5}}
6

一、填空题 · 三角函数

函数 y=2cos2x+sin2x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\cos^{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{+} \sin \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{x} 的最小值是 ______.

答案:12\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-} \sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}}

题目标签:三角函数最值问题

解题过程

化简函数并求最小值

利用倍角公式和辅助角公式化简解析式,求最值

(1)
降幂与化简

将二次三角函数转化为一次三角函数的线性组合。

详细展开: 函数 y=2cos2x+sin2x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\cos^{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{+} \sin \htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{x}。 利用降幂公式 2cos2x=1+cos2x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\cos^{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{+} \cos \htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{x},代入得: y=(1+cos2x)+sin2x=sin2x+cos2x+1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{+} \cos \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{+} \sin \htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{=} \sin \htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{+} \cos \htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=48,tutor-end=49}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=50,tutor-end=51}{1} 利用辅助角公式 asinθ+bcosθ=a2+b2sin(θ+ϕ)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\sin \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=13}{\theta }\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{b}\cos \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=28}{\theta }\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{=} \sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{2}}}\sin\htmlData{tutor-start=52,tutor-end=53}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=53,tutor-end=60}{\theta }\htmlData{tutor-start=60,tutor-end=61}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=62,tutor-end=66}{\phi}\htmlData{tutor-start=66,tutor-end=67}{)}: 此处 a=1,b=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1},故 12+12=2\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{1}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{2}}} \htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{=} \sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{2}}sin2x+cos2x=2(22sin2x+22cos2x)=2sin(2x+π4)\sin \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{+} \cos \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{=} \sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{2}} \left( \frac{\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=48,tutor-end=49}{2}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=52,tutor-end=53}{2}}\sin \htmlData{tutor-start=59,tutor-end=60}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=60,tutor-end=61}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=62,tutor-end=63}{+} \frac{\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=76,tutor-end=77}{2}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=80,tutor-end=81}{2}}\cos \htmlData{tutor-start=87,tutor-end=88}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=88,tutor-end=89}{x} \right) \htmlData{tutor-start=98,tutor-end=99}{=} \sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=106,tutor-end=107}{2}} \sin\left(\htmlData{tutor-start=119,tutor-end=120}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=120,tutor-end=121}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=122,tutor-end=123}{+} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=130,tutor-end=133}{\pi}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=135,tutor-end=136}{4}}\right) 因此,函数化为: y=2sin(2x+π4)+1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}} \sin\left(\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{+} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=37}{\pi}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{4}}\right) \htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=50}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=51,tutor-end=52}{1}

y=2sin(2x+π4)+1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}} \sin\left(\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{+} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=37}{\pi}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{4}}\right) \htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=50}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=51,tutor-end=52}{1}
(2)
求解最小值

根据正弦函数的有界性确定最小值。

详细展开: 因为正弦函数 sin()\sin\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=10}{\cdot}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{)} 的值域为 [1,1]\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{]}, 所以 sin(2x+π4)\sin\left(\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{+} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=24}{\pi}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{4}}\right) 的最小值为 1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1}。 故 y\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} 的最小值为: ymin=2(1)+1=12\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}_{\min} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{=} \sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=26}{\cdot }\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{-} \sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{2}}

ymin=12\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}_{\min} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{-} \sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{2}}
7

一、填空题 · 概率统计

某学校要从 5 名男生和 2 名女生中选出 2 人作为上海世博会志愿者,若用随机变量 ξ\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=3}{\xi} 表示选出的志愿者中女生的人数,则数学期望 Eξ=\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{E}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=4}{\xi}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{=} ______. (结果用最简分数表示)

答案:4/7

题目标签:超几何分布期望计算

解题过程

计算随机变量 ξ\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=3}{\xi} 的数学期望

求出选出志愿者中女生人数 ξ\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=3}{\xi} 的期望值 Eξ\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{E}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=4}{\xi}

(1)
确定随机变量的分布模型与参数

分析题意,识别出这是一个不放回抽样问题,符合超几何分布的特征。明确总体容量、样本容量以及目标类别的数量。

详细展开: 总体共有 N=5+2=7\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{N} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{5} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{2} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{7} 人,其中女生(目标类)有 M=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{M} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2} 人,男生有 5\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{5} 人。 从中抽取 n=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{n} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2} 人作为志愿者。 随机变量 ξ\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=3}{\xi} 表示选出的女生人数,其可能取值为 0,1,2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}。 由于是不放回抽样,ξ\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=3}{\xi} 服从超几何分布 H(N=7,M=2,n=2)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{H}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{N}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{7}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{)}

N=7,M=2,n=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{N}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{7}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}
(2)
利用期望公式或定义计算 Eξ\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{E}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=4}{\xi}

使用超几何分布的期望公式直接计算,或通过分布列定义验证计算结果。

详细展开: 方法一(公式法): 超几何分布的期望公式为 Eξ=nMN\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{E}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=5}{\xi }\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{n} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=15}{\cdot }\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{M}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{N}}。 代入数据:Eξ=2×27=47\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{E}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=5}{\xi }\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=16}{\times }\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{2}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{7}} \htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{4}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{7}}

方法二(定义法验证): P(ξ=0)=C52C20C72=10×121=1021\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=5}{\xi}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{5}}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{2}}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{0}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{7}}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{2}}} \htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=50}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=57,tutor-end=58}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=58,tutor-end=59}{0} \htmlData{tutor-start=60,tutor-end=67}{\times }\htmlData{tutor-start=67,tutor-end=68}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=70,tutor-end=71}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=71,tutor-end=72}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=74,tutor-end=75}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=82,tutor-end=83}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=83,tutor-end=84}{0}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=86,tutor-end=87}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=87,tutor-end=88}{1}} P(ξ=1)=C51C21C72=5×221=1021\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=5}{\xi}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{5}}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{2}}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{1}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{7}}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{2}}} \htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=50}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=57,tutor-end=58}{5} \htmlData{tutor-start=59,tutor-end=66}{\times }\htmlData{tutor-start=66,tutor-end=67}{2}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=69,tutor-end=70}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=70,tutor-end=71}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=73,tutor-end=74}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=81,tutor-end=82}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=82,tutor-end=83}{0}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=85,tutor-end=86}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=86,tutor-end=87}{1}} P(ξ=2)=C50C22C72=1×121=121\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=5}{\xi}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{5}}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{0}} \htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{2}}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{2}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{7}}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{2}}} \htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=50}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=57,tutor-end=58}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=59,tutor-end=66}{\times }\htmlData{tutor-start=66,tutor-end=67}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=69,tutor-end=70}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=70,tutor-end=71}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=73,tutor-end=74}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=81,tutor-end=82}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=84,tutor-end=85}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=85,tutor-end=86}{1}} Eξ=0×1021+1×1021+2×121=10+221=1221=47\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{E}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=5}{\xi }\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{0} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=16}{\times }\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{0}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=41}{\times }\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=48,tutor-end=49}{0}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=51,tutor-end=52}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=52,tutor-end=53}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=55,tutor-end=56}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=57,tutor-end=58}{2} \htmlData{tutor-start=59,tutor-end=66}{\times }\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=72,tutor-end=73}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=75,tutor-end=76}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=76,tutor-end=77}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=79,tutor-end=80}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=87,tutor-end=88}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=88,tutor-end=89}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=89,tutor-end=90}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=90,tutor-end=91}{2}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=93,tutor-end=94}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=94,tutor-end=95}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=97,tutor-end=98}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=105,tutor-end=106}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=106,tutor-end=107}{2}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=109,tutor-end=110}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=110,tutor-end=111}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=113,tutor-end=114}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=121,tutor-end=122}{4}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=124,tutor-end=125}{7}}。 两种方法结果一致。

Eξ=2×27=47\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{E}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=5}{\xi }\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=16}{\times }\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{2}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{7}} \htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{4}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{7}}
8

一、填空题 · 立体几何

已知三个球的半径 R1,R2,R3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{R}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{R}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{R}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{3}} 满足 R1+2R2=3R3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{R}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{R}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{R}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{3}},则它们的表面积 S1,S2,S3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{S}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{S}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{S}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{3}} 满足的等量关系是 ______.

答案:S1+2S2=3S3\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{S}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}}} \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{2}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{S}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{2}}} \htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{3}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{S}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{3}}}

题目标签:球的半径与表面积关系推导

解题过程

推导表面积 S1,S2,S3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{S}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{S}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{S}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{3}} 满足的等量关系

将半径的线性关系转化为表面积的代数关系

(1)
建立半径与表面积的函数关系

回顾球的表面积公式,将半径表示为表面积的函数,以便代入已知等式。

详细展开: 球的表面积公式为 S=4πR2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{S} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=9}{\pi }\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{R}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}}。 由此可得半径 R\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{R} 与表面积 S\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{S} 的关系: R2=S4π    R=S4π=12πS\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{R}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=23}{\frac{S}{4\pi} }\implies \htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{R} \htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{=} \sqrt{\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=48,tutor-end=49}{S}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=51,tutor-end=52}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=52,tutor-end=55}{\pi}}} \htmlData{tutor-start=58,tutor-end=59}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=66,tutor-end=67}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=69,tutor-end=70}{2}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=76,tutor-end=79}{\pi}}}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=87,tutor-end=88}{S}}。 因为半径 R>0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{R} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{>} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0},所以开方取正值。 对于三个球,分别有: R1=12πS1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{R}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{2}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=27}{\pi}}}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{S}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{1}}} R2=12πS2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{R}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{2}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=27}{\pi}}}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{S}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{2}}} R3=12πS3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{R}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{3}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{2}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=27}{\pi}}}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{S}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{3}}}

R=12πS\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{R} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=23}{\pi}}}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{S}}
(2)
代入已知等式并化简

将用 S\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{S} 表示的 R\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{R} 代入已知条件 R1+2R2=3R3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{R}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{R}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{R}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{3}},消去公共常数因子,得到最终关系式。

详细展开: 已知条件:R1+2R2=3R3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{R}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{R}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{R}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{3}}。 代入表达式: 12πS1+2(12πS2)=3(12πS3)\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=19}{\pi}}}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{S}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{1}}} \htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{2} \left( \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=51,tutor-end=52}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=54,tutor-end=55}{2}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=61,tutor-end=64}{\pi}}}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=72,tutor-end=73}{S}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=75,tutor-end=76}{2}}} \right) \htmlData{tutor-start=87,tutor-end=88}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=89,tutor-end=90}{3} \left( \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=104,tutor-end=105}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=107,tutor-end=108}{2}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=114,tutor-end=117}{\pi}}}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=125,tutor-end=126}{S}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=128,tutor-end=129}{3}}} \right)。 等式两边同时乘以 2π\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=10}{\pi}},消去公因子: S1+2S2=3S3\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{S}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}}} \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{2}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{S}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{2}}} \htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{3}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{S}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{3}}}。 此即为所求的等量关系。

S1+2S2=3S3\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{S}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}}} \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{2}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{S}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{2}}} \htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{3}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{S}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{3}}}
9

一、填空题 · 解析几何

已知 F1,F2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{F}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{F}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}} 是椭圆 C:x2a2+y2b2=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{:} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{2}}} \htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{+} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{y}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{2}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{2}}} \htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{1} (a>b>0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{>}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{>}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}) 的两个焦点,P\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{P} 为椭圆 C\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C} 上一点,且 PF1PF2\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{F}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{1}}} \htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=30}{\perp }\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{F}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=50,tutor-end=51}{2}}}. 若 PF1F2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=10}{\triangle }\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{F}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{F}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{2}} 的面积为 9,则 b=\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=} ______.

答案:3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{3}

题目标签:椭圆焦点三角形面积与短半轴关系

解题过程

利用焦点三角形性质求 b\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b}

根据 PF1F2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=10}{\triangle }\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{F}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{F}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{2}} 的面积和垂直条件求出 b\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b} 的值

(1)
分析焦点三角形的几何性质

利用椭圆定义和勾股定理建立关于焦半径 PF1,PF2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{F}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{F}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{|} 的方程组,并结合面积公式求解。

详细展开: 设 PF1=r1,PF2=r2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{F}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{|} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{r}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{F}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{|} \htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{r}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{2}}。 由椭圆定义知:r1+r2=2a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{r}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{r}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{a} ①。 由 PF1PF2\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{F}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{1}}} \htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=30}{\perp }\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{F}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=50,tutor-end=51}{2}}}PF1F2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=10}{\triangle }\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{F}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{F}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{2}} 为直角三角形,斜边为 F1F2=2c\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{F}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{F}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{|} \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{c}。 由勾股定理:r12+r22=(2c)2=4c2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{r}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{r}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{2}}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{c}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{c}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{2}} ②。 三角形面积 SPF1F2=12r1r2=9\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{S}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=13}{\triangle }\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{F}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{F}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{2}}} \htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{r}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{r}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=48,tutor-end=49}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=51,tutor-end=52}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=53,tutor-end=54}{9},故 r1r2=18\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{r}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{r}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{8} ③。

r1+r2=2a,r12+r22=4c2,12r1r2=9\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{r}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{r}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{,} \quad \htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{r}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{1}}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{r}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{2}}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=48,tutor-end=49}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=50,tutor-end=51}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=51,tutor-end=52}{c}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=54,tutor-end=55}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=56,tutor-end=57}{,} \quad \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=70,tutor-end=71}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=73,tutor-end=74}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=75,tutor-end=76}{r}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=78,tutor-end=79}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=81,tutor-end=82}{r}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=84,tutor-end=85}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=87,tutor-end=88}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=89,tutor-end=90}{9}
(2)
推导面积与 b\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b} 的直接关系并求解

通过代数变形,将 r1r2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{r}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{r}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}a,c\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{c} 表示,进而联系到 b\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b},或者直接利用焦点三角形面积公式。

详细展开: 对 ① 式平方:(r1+r2)2=4a2    r12+r22+2r1r2=4a2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{r}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=23}{ r_{2})^{2} = 4}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{2}} \implies \htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{r}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{1}}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=48,tutor-end=49}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=50,tutor-end=51}{r}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=53,tutor-end=54}{2}}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=57,tutor-end=58}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=60,tutor-end=61}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=62,tutor-end=63}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=63,tutor-end=64}{r}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=66,tutor-end=67}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=69,tutor-end=70}{r}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=72,tutor-end=73}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=75,tutor-end=76}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=77,tutor-end=78}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=78,tutor-end=79}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=81,tutor-end=82}{2}}。 将 ② 和 ③ 代入上式: 4c2+2(18)=4a2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{c}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{8}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{2}} 4c2+36=4a2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{c}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{6} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{2}} 36=4(a2c2)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{6} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{c}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{)}。 在椭圆中,b2=a2c2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{c}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{2}}。 所以 36=4b2    b2=936 = 4b^{2} \implies b^{2} = 9。 因为 b>0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{>} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0},所以 b=3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{3}

另解(公式法): 椭圆焦点三角形面积公式为 S=b2tan(θ2)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{S} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}} \tan\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{(}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=27}{\theta}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{)},其中 θ=F1PF2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=7}{\theta }\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=16}{\angle }\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{F}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{P} \htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{F}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{2}}。 此处 θ=90\theta = 90^\circ,故 tan(45)=1\tan(45^\circ) = 1S=b2×1=b2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{S} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=17}{\times }\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{2}}。 已知 S=9\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{S}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{9},故 b2=9    b=3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{9} \implies \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{3}

b2=a2c2=12(4a24c2)=12(2r1r2)=r1r2/2×2? No, 4b2=36\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{c}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{c}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=50}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=51,tutor-end=52}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=53,tutor-end=54}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=61,tutor-end=62}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=64,tutor-end=65}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=66,tutor-end=67}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=67,tutor-end=68}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=68,tutor-end=69}{r}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=71,tutor-end=72}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=74,tutor-end=75}{r}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=77,tutor-end=78}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=79,tutor-end=80}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=81,tutor-end=82}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=83,tutor-end=84}{r}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=86,tutor-end=87}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=89,tutor-end=90}{r}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=92,tutor-end=93}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=95,tutor-end=96}{/} \htmlData{tutor-start=97,tutor-end=98}{2} \htmlData{tutor-start=99,tutor-end=106}{\times }\htmlData{tutor-start=106,tutor-end=107}{2} \htmlData{tutor-start=108,tutor-end=109}{?} \text{ \htmlData{tutor-start=117,tutor-end=118}{N}\htmlData{tutor-start=118,tutor-end=119}{o}\htmlData{tutor-start=119,tutor-end=120}{,} } \htmlData{tutor-start=123,tutor-end=124}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=124,tutor-end=125}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=127,tutor-end=128}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=130,tutor-end=131}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=132,tutor-end=133}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=133,tutor-end=134}{6}
10

二、选择题 · 极坐标与参数方程

在极坐标系中,由三条直线 θ=0,θ=π3,ρcosθ+ρsinθ=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=6}{\theta}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=16}{\theta}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{=}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=26}{\pi}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=36}{\rho}\cos\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=46}{\theta}\htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=51}{\rho}\sin\htmlData{tutor-start=55,tutor-end=61}{\theta}\htmlData{tutor-start=61,tutor-end=62}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=62,tutor-end=63}{1} 围成图形的面积是 ______.

答案:334\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{-}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{3}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{4}}

题目标签:极坐标下图形面积计算

解题过程

计算极坐标围成图形的面积

确定积分区域或被积图形,计算面积

(1)
将极坐标方程转化为直角坐标或分析几何形状

分析三条边界线在平面直角坐标系中的位置,确定围成图形的顶点。

详细展开: 1. θ=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=7}{\theta }\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{0} 对应 x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} 轴正半轴 (y=0,x0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=17}{\geqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{0})。 2. θ=π3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=7}{\theta }\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=18}{\pi}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{3}} 对应射线 y=3x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{x} (x0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=12}{\geqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{0})。 3. ρcosθ+ρsinθ=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=5}{\rho }\cos\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=16}{\theta }\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=23}{\rho }\sin\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=34}{\theta }\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{1}。由 x=ρcosθ,y=ρsinθ\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=9}{\rho }\cos\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=19}{\theta}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=30}{\rho }\sin\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=40}{\theta},该方程化为直角坐标方程:x+y=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{1}。 这是一条直线,截距均为 1。

求交点: - 原点 O(0,0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}θ=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=6}{\theta}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{0}θ=π3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=6}{\theta}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=16}{\pi}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{3}} 的交点(极点)。 - 直线 x+y=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}θ=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=6}{\theta}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{0} (x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}轴) 的交点 A\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}:令 y=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0},得 x=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1},即 A(1,0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}。 - 直线 x+y=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}θ=π3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=6}{\theta}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=16}{\pi}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{3}} (y=3x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{x}) 的交点 B\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}x+3x=1    x=11+3=312x + \sqrt{3}x = 1 \implies x = \frac{1}{1+\sqrt{3}} = \frac{\sqrt{3}-1}{2}y=3x=332\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{-}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{3}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{2}}。 即 B(312,332)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\left(\frac{\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{,} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{-}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{3}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{2}}\right)

围成的图形是 OAB\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=10}{\triangle }\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{B}

x+y=1,A(1,0),B(312,332)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,} \quad \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{,} \quad \htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{B}\left(\frac{\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=48,tutor-end=49}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=50}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=52,tutor-end=53}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=54,tutor-end=55}{,} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=62,tutor-end=63}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=63,tutor-end=64}{-}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=70,tutor-end=71}{3}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=74,tutor-end=75}{2}}\right)
(2)
计算三角形面积

利用三角形面积公式 S=12OAhB\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{S} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{|} \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=27}{\cdot }\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{h}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{B}} 或行列式公式计算。

详细展开: 以 OA\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{A} 为底,底长 OA=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{|} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}。 高 hB\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{h}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{B}} 为点 B\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B} 的纵坐标 yB=332\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{B}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{-}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{3}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{2}}。 面积 S=12××=12×1×332=334\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{S} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=23}{\times }\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{底}} \htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=39}{\times }\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{高}} \htmlData{tutor-start=48,tutor-end=49}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=56,tutor-end=57}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=59,tutor-end=60}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=62,tutor-end=69}{\times }\htmlData{tutor-start=69,tutor-end=70}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=71,tutor-end=78}{\times }\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=84,tutor-end=85}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=85,tutor-end=86}{-}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=92,tutor-end=93}{3}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=96,tutor-end=97}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=99,tutor-end=100}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=107,tutor-end=108}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=108,tutor-end=109}{-}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=115,tutor-end=116}{3}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=119,tutor-end=120}{4}}

或者使用极坐标面积公式: S=0π312ρ2dθ\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{S} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \int_{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{0}}^{\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=23}{\pi}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{3}}} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=45}{\rho}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=50,tutor-end=51}{d}\htmlData{tutor-start=51,tutor-end=57}{\theta},其中 ρ=1cosθ+sinθ\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=5}{\rho }\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{1}}{\cos\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=27}{\theta }\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{+} \sin\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=39}{\theta}}。 此积分较复杂,不如直角坐标法简便,但结果应一致。 验证: 33431.7324=0.317\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{-}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{3}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{4}} \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=29}{\approx }\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{7}\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{2}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{4}} \htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=50}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=50,tutor-end=51}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=51,tutor-end=52}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=52,tutor-end=53}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=53,tutor-end=54}{7}。 直角坐标法逻辑清晰,计算量小,确认为最终答案。

S=121332=334\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{S} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=22}{\cdot }\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=30}{\cdot }\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{-}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{3}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=48,tutor-end=49}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=51,tutor-end=52}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=59,tutor-end=60}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=60,tutor-end=61}{-}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=67,tutor-end=68}{3}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=71,tutor-end=72}{4}}
11

二、选择题 · 导数与不等式

0x1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{0} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=12}{\leqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=24}{\leqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{1},不等式 sinπx2kx\sin\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=14}{\pi }\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{x}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=30}{\geqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{x} 成立,则实数 k\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k} 的取值范围是 ______.

答案:(,1]\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=8}{\infty}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{]}

题目标签:三角不等式恒成立求参数范围

解题过程

求实数 k\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k} 的取值范围

使得 sinπx2kx\sin\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=14}{\pi }\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{x}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=30}{\geqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{x}[0,1]\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{]} 上恒成立的 k\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k} 的集合

(1)
分离参数或构造函数分析临界情况

分析不等式在区间端点和内部的行为,特别是 x=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0} 处的切线斜率,这往往是这类问题的临界点。

详细展开: 令 f(x)=sinπx2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=} \sin\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=21}{\pi }\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{x}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{2}}g(x)=kx\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{g}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{x}。 当 x=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0} 时,00\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{0} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=12}{\geqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{0} 恒成立,对 k\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k} 无限制。 当 x(0,1]\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=6}{\in }\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{]} 时,不等式等价于 ksinπx2x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=12}{\leqslant }\frac{\sin\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=32}{\pi }\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{x}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{2}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{x}}。 令 h(x)=sinπx2x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{h}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=} \frac{\sin\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=27}{\pi }\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{x}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{2}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{x}},我们需要求 h(x)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{h}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)}(0,1]\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{]} 上的最小值吗? 不,是要 k\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k} 小于等于 h(x)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{h}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)} 的**最小值**吗? 注意:kh(x)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=12}{\leqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{h}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{)} 对所有 x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} 成立,意味着 kminx(0,1]h(x)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=12}{\leqslant }\min_{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=24}{\in }\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{]}} \htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{h}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{)}

让我们分析 h(x)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{h}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)} 的单调性。 h(x)=xπ2cosπx2sinπx2x2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{h}'\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=22}{\cdot }\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=31}{\pi}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{2}}\cos\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=49}{\pi }\htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=50}{x}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=52,tutor-end=53}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=55,tutor-end=56}{-} \sin\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=67,tutor-end=71}{\pi }\htmlData{tutor-start=71,tutor-end=72}{x}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=74,tutor-end=75}{2}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=78,tutor-end=79}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=81,tutor-end=82}{2}}}。 令分子 m(x)=πx2cosπx2sinπx2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=17}{\pi }\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{x}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{2}}\cos\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=36}{\pi }\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{x}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{-} \sin\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=54,tutor-end=58}{\pi }\htmlData{tutor-start=58,tutor-end=59}{x}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=61,tutor-end=62}{2}}m(x)=π2cosπx2π2x4sinπx2π2cosπx2=π2x4sinπx2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{m}'\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=17}{\pi}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{2}}\cos\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=35}{\pi }\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{x}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{-} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=52}{\pi}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=54,tutor-end=55}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=57,tutor-end=58}{x}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=60,tutor-end=61}{4}}\sin\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=72,tutor-end=76}{\pi }\htmlData{tutor-start=76,tutor-end=77}{x}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=79,tutor-end=80}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=82,tutor-end=83}{-} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=90,tutor-end=93}{\pi}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=95,tutor-end=96}{2}}\cos\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=107,tutor-end=111}{\pi }\htmlData{tutor-start=111,tutor-end=112}{x}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=114,tutor-end=115}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=117,tutor-end=118}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=119,tutor-end=120}{-}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=126,tutor-end=129}{\pi}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=131,tutor-end=132}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=134,tutor-end=135}{x}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=137,tutor-end=138}{4}}\sin\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=149,tutor-end=153}{\pi }\htmlData{tutor-start=153,tutor-end=154}{x}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=156,tutor-end=157}{2}}。 在 x(0,1)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=6}{\in }\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{)} 时,m(x)<0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{m}'\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{0},所以 m(x)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)} 单调递减。 又 m(0)=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{0}(极限意义下,或用洛必达法则看 h(x)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{h}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)} 在0处行为),实际上 m(0)=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{0}。 因为 m(x)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)} 递减且 m(0)=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{0},所以在 (0,1]\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{]}m(x)<0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{0}。 因此 h(x)<0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{h}'\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{0},即 h(x)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{h}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)}(0,1]\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{]} 上单调递减。 所以 h(x)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{h}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)} 的最小值在 x=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1} 处取得。 h(1)=sinπ21=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{h}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=} \frac{\sin\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=26}{\pi}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{2}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{1}。 所以 k1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=12}{\leqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{1}

h(x)=sinπx2x,h(x)<0    h(x)h(x) = \frac{\sin\frac{\pi x}{2}}{x}, \quad h'(x) < 0 \implies h(x) \downarrow
(2)
验证结论并确定范围

确认 k=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1} 时不等式成立,以及 k>1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{>}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1} 时不成立。

详细展开: 当 k=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1} 时,需证 sinπx2x\sin\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=14}{\pi }\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{x}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=30}{\geqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{x}[0,1]\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{]} 成立。 由前述分析,h(x)h(1)=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{h}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=15}{\geqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{h}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{1},即 sinπx2x1    sinπx2x\frac{\sin\frac{\pi x}{2}}{x} \geqslant 1 \implies \sin\frac{\pi x}{2} \geqslant x。成立。 当 k>1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{>} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1} 时,取 x=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1},左边 =1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1},右边 =k>1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{k} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{>} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1},不等式 1k\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=12}{\geqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{k} 不成立。 当 k1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=12}{\leqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{1} 时,因 h(x)1k\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{h}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=15}{\geqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=27}{\geqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{k},故 sinπx2xk    sinπx2kx\frac{\sin\frac{\pi x}{2}}{x} \geqslant k \implies \sin\frac{\pi x}{2} \geqslant kx 成立。 综上,k\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k} 的取值范围是 (,1]\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=8}{\infty}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{]}

k(,1]\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=6}{\in }\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=14}{\infty}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{]}
12

二、选择题 · 函数与数列

已知函数 f(x)=sinx+tanx\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{=}\sin \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{+} \tan \htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{x}. 项数为 27 的等差数列 {an}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=2}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{n}}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=9}{\}} 满足 an(π2,π2)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{n}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=10}{\in }\left(\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{-}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=26}{\pi}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{,} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=41}{\pi}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{2}}\right),且公差 d0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{d} \neq \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{0}. 若 f(a1)+f(a2)++f(a27)=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{+}\cdots\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{7}}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{0},则当 k=\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=} ______ 时,f(ak)=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{k}}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{0}.

答案:14\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{4}

题目标签:奇函数性质与等差数列求和

解题过程

确定使 f(ak)=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{k}}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{0}k\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k}

利用函数奇偶性和等差数列对称性求解

(1)
分析函数 f(x)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)} 的奇偶性与单调性

判断 f(x)=sinx+tanx\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=} \sin \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{+} \tan \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{x} 的奇偶性,并分析其在定义域内的零点情况。

详细展开: 定义域 (π2,π2)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=11}{\pi}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{,} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=26}{\pi}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{)} 关于原点对称。 f(x)=sin(x)+tan(x)=sinxtanx=f(x)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \sin\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{+} \tan\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{-}\sin \htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{-} \tan \htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=50}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=50,tutor-end=51}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=51,tutor-end=52}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=52,tutor-end=53}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=53,tutor-end=54}{)}。 所以 f(x)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)} 是奇函数。 此外,f(x)=cosx+sec2x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}'\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \cos \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{+} \sec^{\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{x}。在 (π2,π2)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=11}{\pi}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{,} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=26}{\pi}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{)} 上,cosx>0,sec2x1\cos \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{>} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{,} \sec^{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=33}{\geqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{1},故 f(x)>0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}'\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{>} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{0}f(x)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)} 是单调递增函数。 f(0)=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{0},且这是唯一的零点。

f(x)=f(x),f(0)=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{,} \quad \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{0}
(2)
利用等差数列的对称性求解 k\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k}

结合等差数列性质,分析何时项的和为0。

详细展开: 等差数列 {an}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=2}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{n}}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=9}{\}} 共 27 项。 若等差数列关于 0 对称,即 a1+a27=0,a2+a26=0,\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{7}} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{6}} \htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{,} \dots,则中间项 a14=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{4}} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{0}。 此时 f(ai)+f(a28i)=f(ai)+f(ai)=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{i}}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{8}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{i}}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{i}}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{i}}\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=48,tutor-end=49}{0}。 总和 i=127f(ai)=f(a14)+j=113[f(aj)+f(a28j)]=f(a14)+0=f(a14)\sum_{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{i}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{1}}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{7}} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{i}}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{4}}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{+} \sum_{\htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{j}\htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{1}}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=51,tutor-end=52}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=52,tutor-end=53}{3}} \htmlData{tutor-start=55,tutor-end=56}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=56,tutor-end=57}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=57,tutor-end=58}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=58,tutor-end=59}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=61,tutor-end=62}{j}}\htmlData{tutor-start=63,tutor-end=64}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=65,tutor-end=66}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=67,tutor-end=68}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=68,tutor-end=69}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=69,tutor-end=70}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=72,tutor-end=73}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=73,tutor-end=74}{8}\htmlData{tutor-start=74,tutor-end=75}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=75,tutor-end=76}{j}}\htmlData{tutor-start=77,tutor-end=78}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=78,tutor-end=79}{]} \htmlData{tutor-start=80,tutor-end=81}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=82,tutor-end=83}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=83,tutor-end=84}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=84,tutor-end=85}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=87,tutor-end=88}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=88,tutor-end=89}{4}}\htmlData{tutor-start=90,tutor-end=91}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=92,tutor-end=93}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=94,tutor-end=95}{0} \htmlData{tutor-start=96,tutor-end=97}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=98,tutor-end=99}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=99,tutor-end=100}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=100,tutor-end=101}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=103,tutor-end=104}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=104,tutor-end=105}{4}}\htmlData{tutor-start=106,tutor-end=107}{)}。 题目已知总和为 0,故 f(a14)=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{4}}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{0}。 因为 f(x)=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{0} 仅有唯一解 x=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0},所以 a14=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{4}} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{0}。 题目问当 k=\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=} ______ 时,f(ak)=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{k}}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{0}。 即求使得 ak=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{k}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{0} 的下标 k\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k}。 由上可知 a14=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{4}}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{0},故 k=14\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{4}

需确认是否只有这一种情况? 由于 f(x)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)} 严格单调递增,f(ai)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{i}}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{)} 构成的序列并不一定是等差数列,但利用配对法: S=f(ai)=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{S} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \sum \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{i}}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{0}。 由于 ai\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{i}} 是等差数列,若公差 d0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{d} \neq \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{0},数列各项不同。 考虑函数 g(d)=f(a1+(i1)d)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{g}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{d}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=} \sum \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{i}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{d}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{)}。这个思路较复杂。 回到对称性: 对于奇函数 f\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f},若 f(ai)=0\sum \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{i}}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{0},且 ai\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{i}} 成等差,通常意味着数列关于原点对称。 证明: 设 ai=a1+(i1)d\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{i}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{i}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{d}。 中心项 a14\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{4}}a14j+a14+j=2a14\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{j}} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{j}} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{4}}。 如果 a140\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{4}} \neq \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{0},则 ai\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{i}} 不对称于0。 但我们可以利用凸性/单调性论证。不过在高考试题背景下,考查的是“奇函数+等差数列+和为0 => 中间项为0”这一经典模型。 因为 f\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f} 是奇函数且单调,只有当自变量之和的某种对称中心为0时,函数值和才容易为0。更严谨地说,若 a14>0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{4}} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{>} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{0},则大部分项为正(取决于分布),f(ai)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{i}}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{)} 多为正,和难以为0。反之亦然。唯有对称分布,正负抵消。 故 a14=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{4}}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{0} 是唯一解。 所以 k=14\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{4}

a14=0    k=14\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{4}} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=23}{ 0 \implies k=1}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{4}
13

二、选择题 · 函数最值

某地街道呈现东—西、南—北向的网格状,相邻街距都为 1,两街道相交的点称为格点. 若以互相垂直的两条街道为轴建立直角坐标系,现有下述格点 (2,2),(3,1),(3,4),(2,3),(4,5),(6,6)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{)} 为报刊零售点. 请确定一个格点(除零售点外)______ 为发行站,使 6 个零售点沿街道到发行站之间路程的和最短.

答案:(3,3)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}

题目标签:曼哈顿距离中位数

解题过程

曼哈顿距离中位数

确定最短路程发行站

(1)
分别取坐标中位数

沿网格街道的距离是曼哈顿距离,横纵坐标可分开最小化。

详细展开:横坐标排序为 2,2,3,3,4,6\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{6},中位区间退化为 x=3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{3};纵坐标排序为 1,2,3,4,5,6\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{6},中位区间为 [3,4]\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{]}

x=3,3y4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\quad\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=14}{\le }\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=18}{\le}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{4}
(2)
满足格点与排除条件

候选格点为 (3,3)、(3,4)。

详细展开:(3,4)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)} 已是零售点,题目要求发行站不是零售点,所以唯一可填 (3,3)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}

(3,3)\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{)}}
14

二、选择题 · 函数图象

将函数 y=4+6xx22\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}}}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{2} (x[0,6]\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=6}{\in }\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{]}) 的图象绕坐标原点逆时针方向旋转角 θ\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=6}{\theta} (0θα\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{0} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=12}{\leqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=19}{\theta }\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=29}{\leqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=35}{\alpha}),得到曲线 C\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}. 若对于每一个旋转角 θ\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=6}{\theta},曲线 C\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C} 都是一个函数的图象,则 α\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=6}{\alpha} 的最大值为 ______.

答案:arctan(2/3)

题目标签:旋转圆弧仍为函数

解题过程

旋转圆弧仍为函数

求最大旋转角

(1)
识别圆弧参数

原图是圆心 (3,2)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}、半径 13\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{3}} 的上圆弧。

详细展开:可设 x=3+13cost,y=2+13sint\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{+}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{3}}\cos \htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{+}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{3}}\sin \htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{t},端点对应 t=arctan(2/3)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\arctan\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{)}πarctan(2/3)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=3}{\pi}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{-}\arctan\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{)}

t[γ,πγ],γ=arctan23\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=4}{\in}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=11}{\gamma}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=15}{\pi}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=22}{\gamma}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{]}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{,}\quad\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=35}{\gamma}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{=}\arctan\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=50}{2}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=52,tutor-end=53}{3}}
(2)
限制旋转后的横坐标单调

旋转 θ 后圆周角变为 t+θ。

详细展开:要使每条竖线至多交一次,旋转后横坐标须保持单调,即区间不跨过正弦变号点;最紧条件为 πγ+θπ\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=3}{\pi}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=10}{\gamma}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=17}{\theta}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=20}{\le}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=23}{\pi}

αmax=arctan23\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=13}{\alpha}_{\max}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{=}\arctan\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{2}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{3}}}
15

二、选择题 · 逻辑

2a2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{2} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=13}{\leqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=25}{\leqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{2}”是“实系数一元二次方程 x2+ax+1=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{0} 有虚根”的 ( )

答案:B(必要不充分)

题目标签:虚根的充分必要条件

解题过程

充分必要条件判断

判断区间条件与虚根的关系

(1)
写虚根条件

实系数二次方程有非实根等价于判别式小于零。

详细展开:Δ=a24<0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=6}{\Delta}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{<}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{0},所以虚根条件是 2<a<2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{<}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{<}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{2}

2<a<2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{<}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{<}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{2}
(2)
比较两个条件

给定条件包含两个端点。

详细展开:虚根一定推出 2a2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=6}{\le }\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=10}{\le}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2},但 a=±2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=5}{\pm}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{2} 满足给定条件却有重实根,因此是必要不充分条件。

必要不充分,选 B\boxed{\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{必}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{要}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{不}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{充}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{分}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{选} \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{B}}}
16

二、选择题 · 概率

若事件 E\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{E}F\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{F} 相互独立,且 P(E)=P(F)=14\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{E}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{F}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{=}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{4}},则 P(EF)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{E} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=9}{\cap }\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{F}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{)} 的值等于 ( )

答案:B(1/16)

题目标签:独立事件交概率

解题过程

独立事件交概率

求 P(E∩F)

(1)
使用独立性

独立事件同时发生的概率等于概率乘积。

详细展开:P(EF)=P(E)P(F)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{E}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=8}{\cap }\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{F}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{E}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{F}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{)}

P(EF)=1414\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{E}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=8}{\cap }\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{F}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{=}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{4}}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=27}{\cdot}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{4}}
(2)
相乘

两个因子均为四分之一。

详细展开:乘积为 1/16\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{6}

116,选 B\boxed{\frac1{16}\text{,选 B}}
17

二、选择题 · 统计

在发生某公共卫生事件期间,有专业机构认为该事件在一段时间没有发生规模群体感染的标志为“连续 10 天,每天新增疑似病例不超过 7 人”. 根据过去 10 天甲、乙、丙、丁四地新增疑似病例数据,一定符合该标志的是 ( )

答案:D(丁地)

题目标签:统计指标控制极端值

解题过程

统计指标反推极端值

判断必定符合标志的地区

(1)
逐项排除弱条件

均值、中位数或众数单独都不能限制最大值。

详细展开:A、B、C 所给统计量都允许某一天超过 7,只需由其他天补偿即可,因而不能保证连续十天均不超过 7。

A、B、C 不充分\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{、}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{、}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{C} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{不}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{充}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{分}}
(2)
用方差控制

丁地均值 2、方差 3。

详细展开:按十天总体方差,(xi2)2=30\sum\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{i}}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{0}。若某天新增至少 8,则该天一项已不小于 36,矛盾;故每天都不超过 7。

丁地,选 D\boxed{\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{丁}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{地}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{选} \htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{D}}}
18

二、选择题 · 平面几何

过圆 C:(x1)2+(y1)2=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{:} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{1} 的圆心,作直线分别交 x,y\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{y} 正半轴于点 A,B\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{B}AOB\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=10}{\triangle }\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{B} 被圆分成四部分(如图),若这四部分图形面积满足 SI+SIV=SII+SIII\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{S}_{\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{I}}} \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{S}_{\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{I}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{V}}} \htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{S}_{\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{I}\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{I}}} \htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{S}_{\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=56,tutor-end=57}{I}\htmlData{tutor-start=57,tutor-end=58}{I}\htmlData{tutor-start=58,tutor-end=59}{I}}},则直线 AB\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B} 有 ( )

原卷题面及图示 1
原卷题面及图示 1原卷第 1 页 · question_region_fallback · 需复核

答案:B(1条)

题目标签:圆分割面积方程

解题过程

圆分割面积方程

求满足条件的直线条数

(1)
参数化截距

设两轴截点为 A=(a,0),B=(0,b)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{)}

详细展开:直线过圆心 (1,1)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)},故 1/a+1/b=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{1};可用 a>1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{>}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1} 单参数表示另一截距 b=a/(a1)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{)}

b=aa1,a>1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{a}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{,}\quad \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{>}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{1}
(2)
利用面积差单调性

直线过圆心使圆在三角形内的一半面积恒为 π/2,靠原点的圆外角隅面积也恒为 1π/4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=5}{\pi}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{4}

详细展开:条件可化为关于 a 的连续严格单调面积差方程;当 a1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=11}{\downarrow}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{1}a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=4}{\to}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=10}{\infty} 时差值异号,故恰有一个解。

1 条,选 B\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}\text{ \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{条}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{选} \htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{B}}}
19

三、解答题 · 立体几何

如图,在直三棱柱 ABCA1B1C1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{A}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{B}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{1}} 中,AA1=BC=AB=2,ABBC\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{A}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{B} \htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=25}{\perp }\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{C},求二面角 B1A1CC1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{A}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{1}} 的大小.

原卷题面及图示 1
原卷题面及图示 1原卷第 1 页 · question_region_fallback · 需复核

答案:π/3

题目标签:直三棱柱二面角

解题过程

直三棱柱二面角

求 B1-A1C-C1

(1)
建立坐标并求投影

取棱长条件对应的直角坐标。

详细展开:令 A=(0,0,0),B=(2,0,0),C=(2,2,0),A1=(0,0,2),B1=(2,0,2),C1=(2,2,2)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{A}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{B}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=50}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=50,tutor-end=51}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=51,tutor-end=52}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=52,tutor-end=53}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=53,tutor-end=54}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=54,tutor-end=55}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=55,tutor-end=56}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=56,tutor-end=57}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=57,tutor-end=58}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=58,tutor-end=59}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=61,tutor-end=62}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=63,tutor-end=64}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=64,tutor-end=65}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=65,tutor-end=66}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=66,tutor-end=67}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=67,tutor-end=68}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=68,tutor-end=69}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=69,tutor-end=70}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=70,tutor-end=71}{)}。把 A1B1,A1C1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{B}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{A}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{1}} 投影到 A1C\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{C} 的垂面。

A1C=(2,2,2)\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{A}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{C}}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{)}
(2)
求线性角

两投影向量可取 (4,2,2)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{)}(2,2,4)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{)}

详细展开:二者点积为 12,长度均为 26\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{6}},余弦为 12/24=1/2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{2}

theta=π3\boxed{\\theta=\frac\pi3}
20

三、解答题 · 函数

有时可用函数 f(x)={0.1+15lnaax,x6,x4.4x4,x>6\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{=}\begin{cases}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{5}\ln\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{a}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{x}}\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{,}&\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=46}{\le}\htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{,}\\\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=56,tutor-end=57}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=57,tutor-end=58}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=58,tutor-end=59}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=59,tutor-end=60}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=60,tutor-end=61}{4}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=63,tutor-end=64}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=64,tutor-end=65}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=65,tutor-end=66}{4}}\htmlData{tutor-start=67,tutor-end=68}{,}&\htmlData{tutor-start=69,tutor-end=70}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=70,tutor-end=71}{>}\htmlData{tutor-start=71,tutor-end=72}{6}\end{cases} 描述学习某学科知识的掌握程度,其中 xNx\in\mathbf{N}^*a>0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{>}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}。\n(1) 证明:当 x7\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=4}{\ge}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{7} 时,f(x+1)f(x)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{)} 总是下降;\n(2) 学科甲、乙、丙对应的 a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a} 的区间分别为 (115,121],(121,127],(127,133]\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{]}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{7}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{]}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{7}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{]}。当学习 6 次时掌握程度是 85%,确定相应学科。

答案:见证明;乙

题目标签:学习曲线边际增量

解题过程

(1)证明增加量下降

证明 x≥7 时边际增量递减

(1)
化简后一分支

当 x≥7 时只使用有理式分支。

详细展开:f(x)=(x4.4)/(x4)=10.4/(x4)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{)}

f(x)=10.4x4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{-}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{4}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{4}}
(2)
写增量

相邻两项作差。

详细展开:f(x+1)f(x)=0.4/[(x3)(x4)]\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{]},分母随正整数 x 严格增大,故增加量严格下降。

Δfx=0.4(x3)(x4)\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=14}{\Delta }\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{f}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{x}}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{=}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{4}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{)}}\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=50}{\searrow}}

(2)判定学科

由第六次掌握程度反求 a

(1)
建立方程

85% 写成 0.85。

详细展开:0.1+15ln[a/(a6)]=0.85\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{5}\ln\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{]}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{8}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{5},所以 ln[a/(a6)]=0.05\ln\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{]}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{5}

aa6=e0.05\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{a}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{6}}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{e}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{5}}
(2)
求近似并对照区间

解出 a 后与三个经验区间比较。

详细展开:a=6e0.05/(e0.051)123.025\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{e}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{5}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{e}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{5}}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=31}{\approx}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{5},落在乙的 (121,127]\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{7}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{]} 内。

学科乙\boxed{\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{学}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{科}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{乙}}}
21

三、解答题 · 解析几何

已知双曲线 C:x22y2=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{:} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{y}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{1},设过点 A(32,0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{3}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{)} 的直线 l\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{l} 的方向向量 e=(1,k)\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{e}} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{)}. (1) 当直线 l\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{l} 与双曲线 C\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C} 的一条渐近线 m\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{m} 平行时,求直线 l\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{l} 的方程及 l\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{l}m\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{m} 的距离; (2) 证明:当 k>22\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{>} \frac{\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{2}} 时,在双曲线 C\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C} 的右支上不存在点 Q\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{Q},使之到直线 l\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{l} 的距离为 6\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{6}}.

答案:两条直线见解析,距离√6;不存在

题目标签:双曲线渐近线与距离

解题过程

(1)渐近线平行线

求 l 方程及距离

(1)
确定两个方向

双曲线渐近线斜率为 ±1/2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=3}{\pm}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{/}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}}

详细展开:所以 k=±2/2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=5}{\pm}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2},而过 A(32,0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{3}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{)} 的直线为 l:y=k(x+32)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{l}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{:}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{3}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{)}

l:y=±22(x+32)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{l}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{:}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=7}{\pm}\frac{\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{2}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{3}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{)}
(2)
求平行线距离

对应渐近线为 m:y=kx\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{:}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{x}

详细展开:两线距离为 32k/k2+1=6\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{3}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{/}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{k}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{=}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{6}}

d(l,m)=6\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{d}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{l}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{=}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{6}}}

(2)证明不存在等距点

k>√2/2 时排除右支点

(1)
求线性式在右支最小值

参数化右支 x=2cosht,y=sinht\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{2}}\cosh \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{=}\sinh \htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{t}

详细展开:当 k>1/2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{>}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{/}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}} 时,kxy\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{y} 的最小值为 2k21\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{k}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{1}}

kxy2k21\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=7}{\ge}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{k}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{1}}
(2)
比较目标距离

点到 l 的分子还含正的常数项。

详细展开:32k+2k21>6(k2+1)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{3}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{+}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{k}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{>}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{k}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{)}},故右支任一点到 l 的距离都大于 6\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{6}}

不存在这样的 Q\boxed{\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{不}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{存}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{在}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{这}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{样}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{的} }\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{Q}}
22

三、解答题 · 函数与反函数

已知函数 y=f1(x)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{f}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{)}y=f(x)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{)} 的反函数. 定义:若对给定的实数 a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a} (a0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a} \neq \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{0}),函数 y=f(x+a)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{)}y=f1(x+a)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{f}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{)} 互为反函数,则称 y=f(x)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{)} 满足“a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a} 和性质”;若函数 y=f(ax)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{)}y=f1(ax)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{f}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{)} 互为反函数,则称 y=f(x)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{)} 满足“a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a} 积性质”. (1) 判断函数 g(x)=x2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{g}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}} (x>0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{>} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}) 是否满足“1 和性质”,并说明理由; (2) 求所有满足“2 和性质”的一次函数; (3) 设函数 y=f(x)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{)} (x>0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{>} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}) 对任何 a>0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{>} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0},满足“a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a} 积性质”. 求 y=f(x)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{)} 的表达式.

答案:不满足;f=-x+b;f=c/x(c>0)

题目标签:和性质与积性质

解题过程

(1)判断 1 和性质

判断 g(x)=x² 是否满足

(1)
写平移函数

g(x+1)=(x+1)2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{g}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}},在 x>1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{>}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1} 上严格递增。

详细展开:它的反函数为 x1\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{x}}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1},而题目配对的 g1(x+1)=x+1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{g}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{1}}

[g(x+1)]1=x1x+1[g(x+1)]^{-1}=\sqrt{x}-1\ne\sqrt{x+1}
(2)
作出结论

两函数不互为反函数。

详细展开:因此 g\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{g} 不满足 1 和性质。

不满足\boxed{\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{不}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{满}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{足}}}

(2)一次函数的 2 和性质

求所有一次函数

(1)
设一般式

f(x)=kx+b\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{b},其中 k0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k}\ne\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}

详细展开:f(x+2)=kx+2k+b\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{b} 的反函数为 x/k2b/k\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{k}f1(x+2)=x/k+(2b)/k\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{k}

xk2bk=xk+2bk\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{x}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{k}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{-}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{b}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{k}}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{=}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{x}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{k}}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{+}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{b}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=50}{k}}
(2)
比较常数项

解所得一次方程。

详细展开:2kb=2b\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{b},所以 k=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1},而 b 任意。

f(x)=x+b,bR\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{,}\quad \htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=27}{\in}\mathbb{\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{R}}}

(3)所有 a 积性质

求 f 的表达式

(1)
翻译逆函数条件

f(ax)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)} 的反函数是 f1(x)/a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{a}

详细展开:题设要求 f1(ax)=f1(x)/a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{f}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{a}。令 x=f(y)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)} 并应用 f,得到 f(y/a)=af(y)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{)}

f(y/a)=af(y)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{)}
(2)
得到反比例函数

t=y/a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{a}

详细展开:关系变成 tf(t)=yf(y)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{t} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{)} 对任意正数恒为同一常数 c,故 f(x)=c/x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{c}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{x};为使正半轴映到正半轴并有题设逆函数,c>0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{c}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{>}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}

f(x)=cx,c>0\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{c}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{x}}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{,}\quad \htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{c}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{>}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{0}}
23

三、解答题 · 数列

已知 {an}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=2}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{n}}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=9}{\}} 是公差为 d\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{d} 的等差数列,{bn}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=2}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{b}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{n}}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=9}{\}} 是公比为 q\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{q} 的等比数列. (1) 若 an=3n+1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{n}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{n} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{1},是否存在 m,kNm, k \in \mathbf{N}^*,有 am+am+1=ak\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{m}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{k}}?请说明理由; (2) 找出所有数列 {an}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=2}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{n}}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=9}{\}}{bn}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=2}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{b}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{n}}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=9}{\}},使对一切 nNn \in \mathbf{N}^*an+1an=bn\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{1}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{n}}} \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{b}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{n}},并说明理由; (3) 若 a1=5,d=4,b1=q=3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{d} \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{b}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{q} \htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{3},试确定所有的 p\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{p},使数列 {an}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=2}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{n}}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=9}{\}} 中存在某个连续 p\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{p} 项的和是数列 {bn}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=2}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{b}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{n}}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=9}{\}} 中的一项,请证明.

答案:不存在;an=c,bn=1;p=3^r

题目标签:等差等比数列关系

解题过程

(1)等差数列等式

判断是否存在 m、k

(1)
代入通项

am+am+1=6m+5\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{m}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{5}

详细展开:若等于 ak=3k+1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{k}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1},则 3k=6m+4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{4}

3k=6m+4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{4}
(2)
用整除性排除

等式左边能被 3 整除,右边除以 3 余 1。

详细展开:矛盾,因此不存在正整数 m、k。

不存在\boxed{\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{不}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{存}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{在}}}

(2)相邻项比为等比数列

找出所有 an、bn

(1)
考察非零公差

an=a1+(n1)d\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{n}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{d} 且 d≠0,则相邻项比趋于 1。

详细展开:等比数列 bn=an+1/an\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{n}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{n}} 若对所有 n 有定义并趋于 1,只能恒为 1;但恒比 1 又会推出 d=0,矛盾。

d0 无解\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{d}\ne\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}\text{ \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{无}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{解}}
(2)
给出常数解

令 d=0 且常数项非零。

详细展开:任意非零常数等差数列 an=c\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{n}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{c} 都有 an+1/an=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{n}}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{1},对应唯一等比数列 bn=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{n}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1}

an=c0,bn=1\boxed{a_{n}=c\ne0,\quad b_{n}=1}

(3)连续 p 项等差和

确定所有 p

(1)
写和并分解

an=4n+1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{n}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}

详细展开:从第 m 项起连续 p 项和为 p(4m+2p1)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{p}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{p}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{)}。若它是 3 的幂,则因两个正整数因子乘积为 3 的幂,p 必为 3r\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{3}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{r}}

p=3r,rZ0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{p}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{3}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{r}}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{,}\quad \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{r}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=18}{\in}\mathbb{\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{Z}}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=33}{\ge}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{0}}
(2)
构造充分性

对任意 p=3r\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{p}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{3}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{r}} 选择足够大的偶数 s。

详细展开:令 4m+2p1=3s\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{p}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{3}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{s}},则 m=(3s2p+1)/4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{m}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{3}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{s}}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{p}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{4};s 为足够大的偶数时 m 是正整数。因此每个 3 的非负整数次幂都可实现。

p=3r (r=0,1,2,)\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{p}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{3}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{r}}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=16}{\ }\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{r}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=31}{\ldots}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{)}}