1一、选择题 · 集合设全集 U={x∈N∗∣x<6}U = \{x \in \mathbf{N}^* | x < 6\}U={x∈N∗∣x<6}, 集合 A={1,3}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=6}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=12}{\}}A={1,3}, B={3,5}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=6}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=12}{\}}B={3,5}, 则 ∁U(A∪B)=()\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=11}{\complement}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{U}} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{A} \htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=24}{\cup }\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{(}\quad\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{)}∁U(A∪B)=() (A) {1,4}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=2}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=8}{\}}{1,4} (B) {1,5}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=2}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=8}{\}}{1,5} (C) {2,4}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=2}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=8}{\}}{2,4} (D) {2,5}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=2}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=8}{\}}{2,5}答案:C;{2,4}题目标签:集合补集解题过程求并集的补集先列出全集,再删去并集中的元素(1)写出全集与并集U\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{U}U 由小于 6 的正整数组成。为什么从这里入手:集合题不能只看式子的外形,必须回到“元素是否满足条件”。这里的“U\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{U}U 由小于 6 的正整数组成。”给出了元素筛选规则,因此先写出全集与并集,再逐项保留或删除元素,思路最直接。详细展开:集合运算题最容易因漏写全集元素出错,因此先完整列出 U={1,2,3,4,5}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{U}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=4}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=15}{\}}U={1,2,3,4,5},再求 A∪B={1,3,5}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=6}{\cup }\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=10}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=17}{\}}A∪B={1,3,5}。U={1,2,3,4,5},A∪B={1,3,5}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{U}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=4}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=15}{\}}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{,}\quad \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=28}{\cup }\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=32}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=39}{\}}U={1,2,3,4,5},A∪B={1,3,5}(2)取全集中的剩余元素补集保留属于全集但不属于并集的元素。为什么从这里入手:集合题不能只看式子的外形,必须回到“元素是否满足条件”。这里的“补集保留属于全集但不属于并集的元素。”给出了元素筛选规则,因此先取全集中的剩余元素,再逐项保留或删除元素,思路最直接。详细展开:从 U\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{U}U 中删去 1,3,5\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{5}1,3,5,剩下 2,4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{4}2,4,所以选择 C。∁U(A∪B)={2,4}C\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=18}{\complement}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{U}}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=29}{\cup }\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=34}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=39}{\}}}\quad\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=51,tutor-end=52}{C}}∁U(A∪B)={2,4}C
(1)写出全集与并集U\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{U}U 由小于 6 的正整数组成。为什么从这里入手:集合题不能只看式子的外形,必须回到“元素是否满足条件”。这里的“U\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{U}U 由小于 6 的正整数组成。”给出了元素筛选规则,因此先写出全集与并集,再逐项保留或删除元素,思路最直接。详细展开:集合运算题最容易因漏写全集元素出错,因此先完整列出 U={1,2,3,4,5}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{U}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=4}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=15}{\}}U={1,2,3,4,5},再求 A∪B={1,3,5}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=6}{\cup }\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=10}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=17}{\}}A∪B={1,3,5}。U={1,2,3,4,5},A∪B={1,3,5}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{U}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=4}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=15}{\}}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{,}\quad \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=28}{\cup }\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=32}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=39}{\}}U={1,2,3,4,5},A∪B={1,3,5}
(2)取全集中的剩余元素补集保留属于全集但不属于并集的元素。为什么从这里入手:集合题不能只看式子的外形,必须回到“元素是否满足条件”。这里的“补集保留属于全集但不属于并集的元素。”给出了元素筛选规则,因此先取全集中的剩余元素,再逐项保留或删除元素,思路最直接。详细展开:从 U\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{U}U 中删去 1,3,5\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{5}1,3,5,剩下 2,4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{4}2,4,所以选择 C。∁U(A∪B)={2,4}C\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=18}{\complement}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{U}}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=29}{\cup }\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=34}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=39}{\}}}\quad\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=51,tutor-end=52}{C}}∁U(A∪B)={2,4}C
2一、选择题 · 不等式不等式 x−3x+2<0\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{3}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{0}x+2x−3<0 的解集为 ()\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\quad\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{)}() (A) {x∣−2<x<3}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=2}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{|} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=18}{\}}{x∣−2<x<3} (B) {x∣x<−2}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=2}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{|} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=14}{\}}{x∣x<−2} (C) {x∣x<−2 或 x>3}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=2}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{|} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{<} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2} \text{ \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{或} } \htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{>} \htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=31}{\}}{x∣x<−2 或 x>3} (D) {x∣x>3}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=2}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{|} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{>} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=13}{\}}{x∣x>3}答案:A;(-2,3)题目标签:分式不等式解题过程解一元分式不等式把零点和无定义点同时标在数轴上(1)确定临界点分子在 x=3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{3}x=3 时为零,分母在 x=−2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}x=−2 时为零。为什么从这里入手:目标是“确定临界点”,而“分子在 x=3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{3}x=3 时为零,分母在 x=−2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}x=−2 时为零。”恰好给出了它所缺的前置量或等价关系。先把这条信息写成可计算的等式,后续只需沿等价变形逐步推进;若跳过这一步,就无法说明答案为何由题设唯一确定。详细展开:严格小于零要求分子、分母异号;x=3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{3}x=3 不能取,x=−2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}x=−2 使原式无意义,也不能取。x−3x+2<0,x≠−2,3\frac{x-3}{x+2}<0,\qquad x\ne-2,3x+2x−3<0,x=−2,3(2)判断各区间符号临界点把数轴分成三段。为什么从这里入手:目标是“判断各区间符号”,而“临界点把数轴分成三段。”恰好给出了它所缺的前置量或等价关系。先把这条信息写成可计算的等式,后续只需沿等价变形逐步推进;若跳过这一步,就无法说明答案为何由题设唯一确定。详细展开:在 (−∞,−2)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=8}{\infty}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{)}(−∞,−2) 上分子、分母同为负;在 (−2,3)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}(−2,3) 上分子负、分母正;在 (3,+∞)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=10}{\infty}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{)}(3,+∞) 上同为正。因此只有中间区间满足条件。x∈(−2,3)A\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=11}{\in}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{)}}\quad\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{A}}x∈(−2,3)A
(1)确定临界点分子在 x=3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{3}x=3 时为零,分母在 x=−2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}x=−2 时为零。为什么从这里入手:目标是“确定临界点”,而“分子在 x=3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{3}x=3 时为零,分母在 x=−2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}x=−2 时为零。”恰好给出了它所缺的前置量或等价关系。先把这条信息写成可计算的等式,后续只需沿等价变形逐步推进;若跳过这一步,就无法说明答案为何由题设唯一确定。详细展开:严格小于零要求分子、分母异号;x=3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{3}x=3 不能取,x=−2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}x=−2 使原式无意义,也不能取。x−3x+2<0,x≠−2,3\frac{x-3}{x+2}<0,\qquad x\ne-2,3x+2x−3<0,x=−2,3
(2)判断各区间符号临界点把数轴分成三段。为什么从这里入手:目标是“判断各区间符号”,而“临界点把数轴分成三段。”恰好给出了它所缺的前置量或等价关系。先把这条信息写成可计算的等式,后续只需沿等价变形逐步推进;若跳过这一步,就无法说明答案为何由题设唯一确定。详细展开:在 (−∞,−2)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=8}{\infty}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{)}(−∞,−2) 上分子、分母同为负;在 (−2,3)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}(−2,3) 上分子负、分母正;在 (3,+∞)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=10}{\infty}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{)}(3,+∞) 上同为正。因此只有中间区间满足条件。x∈(−2,3)A\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=11}{\in}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{)}}\quad\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{A}}x∈(−2,3)A
3一、选择题 · 三角函数已知 sinα=23\sin \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=12}{\alpha }\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{2}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{3}}sinα=32, 则 cos(π−2α)=()\cos\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=9}{\pi }\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=18}{\alpha}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{(}\quad\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{)}cos(π−2α)=() (A) −53\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{-}\frac{\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{5}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{3}}−35 (B) −19\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{-}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{9}}−91 (C) 19\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{9}}91 (D) 53\frac{\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{5}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{3}}35答案:B;-1/9题目标签:二倍角余弦解题过程求二倍角余弦先把 cos(π−2α)\cos\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=8}{\pi}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=16}{\alpha}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{)}cos(π−2α) 化成 −cos2α\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{-}\cos\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=12}{\alpha}−cos2α(1)用平方关系求 cos2α\cos\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=11}{\alpha}cos2α已知的是 sinα\sin\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=10}{\alpha}sinα,而 cos2α\cos\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=11}{\alpha}cos2α 可直接写成 1−2sin2α\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\sin^{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=17}{\alpha}1−2sin2α。为什么从这里入手:目标是“用平方关系求 cos2α\cos\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=11}{\alpha}cos2α”,而“已知的是 sinα\sin\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=10}{\alpha}sinα,而 cos2α\cos\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=11}{\alpha}cos2α 可直接写成 1−2sin2α\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\sin^{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=17}{\alpha}1−2sin2α。”恰好给出了它所缺的前置量或等价关系。先把这条信息写成可计算的等式,后续只需沿等价变形逐步推进;若跳过这一步,就无法说明答案为何由题设唯一确定。详细展开:这样不必判断 cosα\cos\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=10}{\alpha}cosα 的符号,因为二倍角公式只含 sin2α\sin^{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=14}{\alpha}sin2α。代入得 cos2α=1−2⋅4/9=1/9\cos\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=11}{\alpha}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=20}{\cdot}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{9}cos2α=1−2⋅4/9=1/9。cos2α=1−2sin2α=19\cos\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=11}{\alpha}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}\sin^{\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=29}{\alpha}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{=}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{9}}cos2α=1−2sin2α=91(2)处理补角cos(π−θ)=−cosθ\cos\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=8}{\pi}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=15}{\theta}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{-}\cos\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=28}{\theta}cos(π−θ)=−cosθ。为什么从这里入手:三角题先把未知角转成特殊角、同一角或已知边角关系。“cos(π−θ)=−cosθ\cos\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=8}{\pi}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=15}{\theta}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{-}\cos\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=28}{\theta}cos(π−θ)=−cosθ。”指出了可用的象限、恒等式或几何关系,先处理补角可以同时确定数值和正负号。详细展开:令 θ=2α\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=6}{\theta}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=14}{\alpha}θ=2α,可得题目所求为 −1/9\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{9}−1/9,选择 B。cos(π−2α)=−19B\boxed{\cos\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=15}{\pi}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=23}{\alpha}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{-}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{9}}}\quad\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=50}{B}}cos(π−2α)=−91B
(1)用平方关系求 cos2α\cos\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=11}{\alpha}cos2α已知的是 sinα\sin\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=10}{\alpha}sinα,而 cos2α\cos\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=11}{\alpha}cos2α 可直接写成 1−2sin2α\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\sin^{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=17}{\alpha}1−2sin2α。为什么从这里入手:目标是“用平方关系求 cos2α\cos\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=11}{\alpha}cos2α”,而“已知的是 sinα\sin\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=10}{\alpha}sinα,而 cos2α\cos\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=11}{\alpha}cos2α 可直接写成 1−2sin2α\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\sin^{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=17}{\alpha}1−2sin2α。”恰好给出了它所缺的前置量或等价关系。先把这条信息写成可计算的等式,后续只需沿等价变形逐步推进;若跳过这一步,就无法说明答案为何由题设唯一确定。详细展开:这样不必判断 cosα\cos\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=10}{\alpha}cosα 的符号,因为二倍角公式只含 sin2α\sin^{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=14}{\alpha}sin2α。代入得 cos2α=1−2⋅4/9=1/9\cos\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=11}{\alpha}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=20}{\cdot}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{9}cos2α=1−2⋅4/9=1/9。cos2α=1−2sin2α=19\cos\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=11}{\alpha}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}\sin^{\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=29}{\alpha}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{=}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{9}}cos2α=1−2sin2α=91
(2)处理补角cos(π−θ)=−cosθ\cos\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=8}{\pi}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=15}{\theta}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{-}\cos\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=28}{\theta}cos(π−θ)=−cosθ。为什么从这里入手:三角题先把未知角转成特殊角、同一角或已知边角关系。“cos(π−θ)=−cosθ\cos\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=8}{\pi}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=15}{\theta}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{-}\cos\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=28}{\theta}cos(π−θ)=−cosθ。”指出了可用的象限、恒等式或几何关系,先处理补角可以同时确定数值和正负号。详细展开:令 θ=2α\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=6}{\theta}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=14}{\alpha}θ=2α,可得题目所求为 −1/9\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{9}−1/9,选择 B。cos(π−2α)=−19B\boxed{\cos\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=15}{\pi}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=23}{\alpha}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{-}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{9}}}\quad\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=50}{B}}cos(π−2α)=−91B
4一、选择题 · 函数函数 y=1+ln(x−1) (x>1)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{+} \ln\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=19}{\ }\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{>} \htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{)}y=1+ln(x−1) (x>1) 的反函数是 ()\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\quad\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{)}() (A) y=ex+1−1 (x>0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{e}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=18}{\ }\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{>} \htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{)}y=ex+1−1 (x>0) (B) y=ex−1+1 (x>0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{e}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=18}{\ }\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{>} \htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{)}y=ex−1+1 (x>0) (C) y=ex+1−1 (x∈R)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{e}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=18}{\ }\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=25}{\in }\mathbf{\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{R}}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{)}y=ex+1−1 (x∈R) (D) y=ex−1+1 (x∈R)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{e}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=18}{\ }\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=25}{\in }\mathbf{\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{R}}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{)}y=ex−1+1 (x∈R)答案:D;y=e^(x-1)+1题目标签:对数函数反函数解题过程求对数函数的反函数交换自变量和函数值后再解出新函数值(1)由原式解出 x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}x原式 y=1+ln(x−1)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{+}\ln\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{)}y=1+ln(x−1) 的核心是先孤立对数。为什么从这里入手:含分母、根号或对数的式子必须先合法,后续变形才有意义。“原式 y=1+ln(x−1)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{+}\ln\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{)}y=1+ln(x−1) 的核心是先孤立对数。”正好暴露了限制条件;先由原式解出 x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}x,可以防止约分或平方时把禁值偷偷带回答案。详细展开:有 y−1=ln(x−1)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{=}\ln\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{)}y−1=ln(x−1),两边取指数得到 x−1=ey−1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{e}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}}x−1=ey−1,即 x=ey−1+1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{e}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}x=ey−1+1。x=ey−1+1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{e}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}x=ey−1+1(2)交换字母并确定定义域反函数的定义域等于原函数的值域。为什么从这里入手:含分母、根号或对数的式子必须先合法,后续变形才有意义。“反函数的定义域等于原函数的值域。”正好暴露了限制条件;先交换字母并确定定义域,可以防止约分或平方时把禁值偷偷带回答案。详细展开:原函数在 x>1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{>}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}x>1 上的值域为全体实数,所以交换 x,y\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{y}x,y 后得到 y=ex−1+1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{e}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}y=ex−1+1,且 x∈R\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=4}{\in}\mathbb{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{R}}x∈R。y=ex−1+1 (x∈R)D\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{e}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=20}{\ }\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=25}{\in}\mathbb{\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{R}}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{)}}\quad\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=48,tutor-end=49}{D}}y=ex−1+1 (x∈R)D
(1)由原式解出 x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}x原式 y=1+ln(x−1)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{+}\ln\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{)}y=1+ln(x−1) 的核心是先孤立对数。为什么从这里入手:含分母、根号或对数的式子必须先合法,后续变形才有意义。“原式 y=1+ln(x−1)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{+}\ln\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{)}y=1+ln(x−1) 的核心是先孤立对数。”正好暴露了限制条件;先由原式解出 x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}x,可以防止约分或平方时把禁值偷偷带回答案。详细展开:有 y−1=ln(x−1)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{=}\ln\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{)}y−1=ln(x−1),两边取指数得到 x−1=ey−1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{e}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}}x−1=ey−1,即 x=ey−1+1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{e}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}x=ey−1+1。x=ey−1+1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{e}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}x=ey−1+1
(2)交换字母并确定定义域反函数的定义域等于原函数的值域。为什么从这里入手:含分母、根号或对数的式子必须先合法,后续变形才有意义。“反函数的定义域等于原函数的值域。”正好暴露了限制条件;先交换字母并确定定义域,可以防止约分或平方时把禁值偷偷带回答案。详细展开:原函数在 x>1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{>}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}x>1 上的值域为全体实数,所以交换 x,y\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{y}x,y 后得到 y=ex−1+1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{e}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}y=ex−1+1,且 x∈R\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=4}{\in}\mathbb{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{R}}x∈R。y=ex−1+1 (x∈R)D\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{e}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=20}{\ }\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=25}{\in}\mathbb{\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{R}}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{)}}\quad\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=48,tutor-end=49}{D}}y=ex−1+1 (x∈R)D
5一、选择题 · 不等式若变量 x,y\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{y}x,y 满足约束条件 {x⩾−1,y⩾x,3x+2y⩽5,\begin{cases} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=26}{\geqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{,} \\ \htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=45}{\geqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{,} \\ \htmlData{tutor-start=51,tutor-end=52}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=52,tutor-end=53}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=54,tutor-end=55}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=56,tutor-end=57}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=57,tutor-end=58}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=59,tutor-end=69}{\leqslant }\htmlData{tutor-start=69,tutor-end=70}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=70,tutor-end=71}{,} \end{cases}⎩⎨⎧x⩾−1,y⩾x,3x+2y⩽5, 则 z=2x+y\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{z} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{y}z=2x+y 的最大值为 ()\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\quad\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{)}() (A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4答案:C;3题目标签:线性规划解题过程求线性目标函数最大值画出三条边界直线并只检查可行域顶点(1)求可行域顶点线性约束围成凸多边形,线性函数的最值一定在顶点取得。为什么从这里入手:最值与范围题要先找到变量受限方式以及等号何时成立。“线性约束围成凸多边形,线性函数的最值一定在顶点取得。”给出了可行域或关键界,先求可行域顶点能把‘可能有多大’转成单调性、基本不等式或边界比较。详细展开:三条边界 x=−1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}x=−1、y=x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}y=x、3x+2y=5\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{5}3x+2y=5 两两相交,得到可行域顶点 (−1,−1),(−1,4),(1,1)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{)}(−1,−1),(−1,4),(1,1)。每个交点都要代回全部不等式确认可行。(−1,−1),(−1,4),(1,1)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{,}\quad\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{,}\quad\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{)}(−1,−1),(−1,4),(1,1)(2)代入目标函数比较目标函数为 z=2x+y\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{z}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{y}z=2x+y。为什么从这里入手:代数题要寻找能减少未知量或降低次数的关系。“目标函数为 z=2x+y\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{z}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{y}z=2x+y。”正好提供了因式、根或参数之间的等式,所以先代入目标函数比较,再代入、消元或比较系数,计算链条会更短也更容易复核。详细展开:三个顶点处的值依次为 −3,2,3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{3}−3,2,3,最大值为 3,在 (1,1)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}(1,1) 处取得。zmax=3C\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{z}_{\max}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{3}}\quad\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{C}}zmax=3C
(1)求可行域顶点线性约束围成凸多边形,线性函数的最值一定在顶点取得。为什么从这里入手:最值与范围题要先找到变量受限方式以及等号何时成立。“线性约束围成凸多边形,线性函数的最值一定在顶点取得。”给出了可行域或关键界,先求可行域顶点能把‘可能有多大’转成单调性、基本不等式或边界比较。详细展开:三条边界 x=−1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}x=−1、y=x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}y=x、3x+2y=5\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{5}3x+2y=5 两两相交,得到可行域顶点 (−1,−1),(−1,4),(1,1)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{)}(−1,−1),(−1,4),(1,1)。每个交点都要代回全部不等式确认可行。(−1,−1),(−1,4),(1,1)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{,}\quad\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{,}\quad\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{)}(−1,−1),(−1,4),(1,1)
(2)代入目标函数比较目标函数为 z=2x+y\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{z}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{y}z=2x+y。为什么从这里入手:代数题要寻找能减少未知量或降低次数的关系。“目标函数为 z=2x+y\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{z}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{y}z=2x+y。”正好提供了因式、根或参数之间的等式,所以先代入目标函数比较,再代入、消元或比较系数,计算链条会更短也更容易复核。详细展开:三个顶点处的值依次为 −3,2,3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{3}−3,2,3,最大值为 3,在 (1,1)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}(1,1) 处取得。zmax=3C\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{z}_{\max}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{3}}\quad\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{C}}zmax=3C
6一、选择题 · 数列如果等差数列 {an}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=2}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{n}}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=9}{\}}{an} 中, a3+a4+a5=12\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{3}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{4}} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{5}} \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{2}a3+a4+a5=12, 那么 a1+a2+⋯+a7=()\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{+} \cdots \htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{7}} \htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{(}\quad\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{)}a1+a2+⋯+a7=() (A) 14 (B) 21 (C) 28 (D) 35答案:C;28题目标签:等差数列对称项解题过程求等差数列七项和利用关于中项对称的项之和(1)锁定中项 a4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{4}}a4a3,a4,a5\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{4}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{5}}a3,a4,a5 关于 a4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{4}}a4 对称。为什么从这里入手:目标是“锁定中项 a4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{4}}a4”,而“a3,a4,a5\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{4}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{5}}a3,a4,a5 关于 a4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{4}}a4 对称。”恰好给出了它所缺的前置量或等价关系。先把这条信息写成可计算的等式,后续只需沿等价变形逐步推进;若跳过这一步,就无法说明答案为何由题设唯一确定。详细展开:等差数列中 a3+a5=2a4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{5}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{4}}a3+a5=2a4,所以 a3+a4+a5=3a4=12\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{4}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{5}}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{4}}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{2}a3+a4+a5=3a4=12,得到 a4=4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{4}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{4}a4=4。3a4=12⟹a4=4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{4}}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{2}\quad\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=29}{\Longrightarrow}\quad \htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{4}}\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{4}3a4=12⟹a4=4(2)把七项配对a1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}a1 与 a7\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{7}}a7、a2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}a2 与 a6\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{6}}a6、a3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{3}}a3 与 a5\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{5}}a5 的和都等于 2a4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{4}}2a4。为什么从这里入手:目标是“把七项配对”,而“a1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}a1 与 a7\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{7}}a7、a2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}a2 与 a6\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{6}}a6、a3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{3}}a3 与 a5\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{5}}a5 的和都等于 2a4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{4}}2a4。”恰好给出了它所缺的前置量或等价关系。先把这条信息写成可计算的等式,后续只需沿等价变形逐步推进;若跳过这一步,就无法说明答案为何由题设唯一确定。详细展开:因此七项平均数就是中项 a4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{4}}a4,前七项和为 7a4=28\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{7}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{4}}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{8}7a4=28。S7=7a4=28C\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{S}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{7}}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{7}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{4}}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{8}}\quad\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{C}}S7=7a4=28C
(1)锁定中项 a4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{4}}a4a3,a4,a5\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{4}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{5}}a3,a4,a5 关于 a4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{4}}a4 对称。为什么从这里入手:目标是“锁定中项 a4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{4}}a4”,而“a3,a4,a5\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{4}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{5}}a3,a4,a5 关于 a4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{4}}a4 对称。”恰好给出了它所缺的前置量或等价关系。先把这条信息写成可计算的等式,后续只需沿等价变形逐步推进;若跳过这一步,就无法说明答案为何由题设唯一确定。详细展开:等差数列中 a3+a5=2a4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{5}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{4}}a3+a5=2a4,所以 a3+a4+a5=3a4=12\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{4}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{5}}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{4}}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{2}a3+a4+a5=3a4=12,得到 a4=4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{4}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{4}a4=4。3a4=12⟹a4=4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{4}}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{2}\quad\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=29}{\Longrightarrow}\quad \htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{4}}\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{4}3a4=12⟹a4=4
(2)把七项配对a1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}a1 与 a7\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{7}}a7、a2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}a2 与 a6\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{6}}a6、a3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{3}}a3 与 a5\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{5}}a5 的和都等于 2a4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{4}}2a4。为什么从这里入手:目标是“把七项配对”,而“a1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}a1 与 a7\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{7}}a7、a2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}a2 与 a6\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{6}}a6、a3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{3}}a3 与 a5\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{5}}a5 的和都等于 2a4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{4}}2a4。”恰好给出了它所缺的前置量或等价关系。先把这条信息写成可计算的等式,后续只需沿等价变形逐步推进;若跳过这一步,就无法说明答案为何由题设唯一确定。详细展开:因此七项平均数就是中项 a4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{4}}a4,前七项和为 7a4=28\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{7}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{4}}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{8}7a4=28。S7=7a4=28C\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{S}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{7}}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{7}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{4}}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{8}}\quad\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{C}}S7=7a4=28C
7一、选择题 · 导数若曲线 y=x2+ax+b\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{b}y=x2+ax+b 在点 (0,b)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}(0,b) 处的切线方程是 x−y+1=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{y} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{0}x−y+1=0, 则 ()\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\quad\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{)}() (A) a=1,b=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}a=1,b=1 (B) a=−1,b=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{1}a=−1,b=1 (C) a=1,b=−1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{1}a=1,b=−1 (D) a=−1,b=−1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}a=−1,b=−1答案:A;a=1,b=1题目标签:切线参数解题过程由切线求二次函数参数切点纵坐标和切线斜率分别给出两个方程(1)比较切点坐标切线 x−y+1=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{0}x−y+1=0 写成 y=x+1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}y=x+1。为什么从这里入手:函数的局部变化由导数控制。“切线 x−y+1=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{0}x−y+1=0 写成 y=x+1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}y=x+1。”给出了函数值、斜率或导数符号的入口,因此先比较切点坐标,就能把图象语言转换成方程或符号表。详细展开:曲线在 (0,b)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}(0,b) 处与切线相切,所以该点也在切线上;令 x=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}x=0 得 b=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}b=1。b=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}b=1(2)比较斜率曲线导数为 y′=2x+a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}'\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{a}y′=2x+a。为什么从这里入手:函数的局部变化由导数控制。“曲线导数为 y′=2x+a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}'\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{a}y′=2x+a。”给出了函数值、斜率或导数符号的入口,因此先比较斜率,就能把图象语言转换成方程或符号表。详细展开:在 x=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}x=0 处的切线斜率为 a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}a,而直线 y=x+1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}y=x+1 的斜率为 1,所以 a=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}a=1。a=1, b=1A\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=13}{\ }\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{1}}\quad\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{A}}a=1, b=1A
(1)比较切点坐标切线 x−y+1=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{0}x−y+1=0 写成 y=x+1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}y=x+1。为什么从这里入手:函数的局部变化由导数控制。“切线 x−y+1=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{0}x−y+1=0 写成 y=x+1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}y=x+1。”给出了函数值、斜率或导数符号的入口,因此先比较切点坐标,就能把图象语言转换成方程或符号表。详细展开:曲线在 (0,b)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}(0,b) 处与切线相切,所以该点也在切线上;令 x=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}x=0 得 b=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}b=1。b=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}b=1
(2)比较斜率曲线导数为 y′=2x+a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}'\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{a}y′=2x+a。为什么从这里入手:函数的局部变化由导数控制。“曲线导数为 y′=2x+a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}'\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{a}y′=2x+a。”给出了函数值、斜率或导数符号的入口,因此先比较斜率,就能把图象语言转换成方程或符号表。详细展开:在 x=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}x=0 处的切线斜率为 a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}a,而直线 y=x+1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}y=x+1 的斜率为 1,所以 a=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}a=1。a=1, b=1A\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=13}{\ }\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{1}}\quad\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{A}}a=1, b=1A
8一、选择题 · 立体几何在三棱锥 S−ABC\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{S}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{C}S−ABC 中, 底面 ABC\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{C}ABC 为边长等于 2 的等边三角形, SA\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{S}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{A}SA 垂直于底面 ABC\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{C}ABC, SA=3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{S}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{3}SA=3, 那么直线 AB\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B}AB 与平面 SBC\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{S}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{C}SBC 所成角的正弦值为 ()\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\quad\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{)}() (A) 34\frac{\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{3}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{4}}43 (B) 54\frac{\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{5}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{4}}45 (C) 74\frac{\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{7}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{4}}47 (D) 34\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{3}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{4}}43答案:D;3/4题目标签:线面角解题过程求直线与平面所成角用直线方向向量与平面法向量计算正弦(1)建立坐标并求法向量SA⊥\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{S}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=7}{\perp}SA⊥ 底面,底面又是等边三角形,适合直接坐标化。为什么从这里入手:解析几何的目的,是把图形关系变成坐标等式。“SA⊥\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{S}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=7}{\perp}SA⊥ 底面,底面又是等边三角形,适合直接坐标化。”提供了点、斜率、距离或焦点条件,先建立坐标并求法向量后,交点、弦长和轨迹都能交给方程与韦达定理处理。详细展开:取 A(0,0,0),B(2,0,0),C(1,3,0),S(0,0,3)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{,}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{S}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{)}A(0,0,0),B(2,0,0),C(1,3,0),S(0,0,3)。平面 SBC\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{S}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{C}SBC 的法向量可取 n=(−33,−3,−23)\boldsymbol n=(-3\sqrt{3},-3,-2\sqrt{3})n=(−33,−3,−23)。AB→=(2,0,0),∣n∣=43\overrightarrow{AB}=(2,0,0),\quad |\boldsymbol n|=4\sqrt{3}AB=(2,0,0),∣n∣=43(2)应用线面角公式线面角的正弦等于方向向量与法向量夹角余弦的绝对值。为什么从这里入手:解析几何的目的,是把图形关系变成坐标等式。“线面角的正弦等于方向向量与法向量夹角余弦的绝对值。”提供了点、斜率、距离或焦点条件,先应用线面角公式后,交点、弦长和轨迹都能交给方程与韦达定理处理。详细展开:所以 sinθ=∣AB→⋅n∣/(∣AB∣∣n∣)=63/(2⋅43)=3/4\sin\theta=|\overrightarrow{AB}\cdot\boldsymbol n|/(|AB||\boldsymbol n|)=6\sqrt{3}/(2\cdot4\sqrt{3})=3/4sinθ=∣AB⋅n∣/(∣AB∣∣n∣)=63/(2⋅43)=3/4。sintheta=34D\boxed{\sin\\\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{h}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{e}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{=}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{3}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{4}}}\quad\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{D}}sintheta=43D
(1)建立坐标并求法向量SA⊥\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{S}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=7}{\perp}SA⊥ 底面,底面又是等边三角形,适合直接坐标化。为什么从这里入手:解析几何的目的,是把图形关系变成坐标等式。“SA⊥\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{S}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=7}{\perp}SA⊥ 底面,底面又是等边三角形,适合直接坐标化。”提供了点、斜率、距离或焦点条件,先建立坐标并求法向量后,交点、弦长和轨迹都能交给方程与韦达定理处理。详细展开:取 A(0,0,0),B(2,0,0),C(1,3,0),S(0,0,3)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{,}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{S}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{)}A(0,0,0),B(2,0,0),C(1,3,0),S(0,0,3)。平面 SBC\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{S}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{C}SBC 的法向量可取 n=(−33,−3,−23)\boldsymbol n=(-3\sqrt{3},-3,-2\sqrt{3})n=(−33,−3,−23)。AB→=(2,0,0),∣n∣=43\overrightarrow{AB}=(2,0,0),\quad |\boldsymbol n|=4\sqrt{3}AB=(2,0,0),∣n∣=43
(2)应用线面角公式线面角的正弦等于方向向量与法向量夹角余弦的绝对值。为什么从这里入手:解析几何的目的,是把图形关系变成坐标等式。“线面角的正弦等于方向向量与法向量夹角余弦的绝对值。”提供了点、斜率、距离或焦点条件,先应用线面角公式后,交点、弦长和轨迹都能交给方程与韦达定理处理。详细展开:所以 sinθ=∣AB→⋅n∣/(∣AB∣∣n∣)=63/(2⋅43)=3/4\sin\theta=|\overrightarrow{AB}\cdot\boldsymbol n|/(|AB||\boldsymbol n|)=6\sqrt{3}/(2\cdot4\sqrt{3})=3/4sinθ=∣AB⋅n∣/(∣AB∣∣n∣)=63/(2⋅43)=3/4。sintheta=34D\boxed{\sin\\\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{h}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{e}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{=}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{3}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{4}}}\quad\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{D}}sintheta=43D
9一、选择题 · 排列组合将标号为 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 的 6 张卡片放入 3 个不同的信封中, 若每个信封放 2 张, 其中标号为 1, 2 的卡片放入同一信封, 则不同的放法共有 ()\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\quad\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{)}() (A) 12 种 (B) 18 种 (C) 36 种 (D) 54 种答案:B;18题目标签:卡片分组解题过程计数卡片入信封的放法先固定必须同组的两张卡片所在信封(1)安排卡片 1、2三个信封有标签,放法需要区分信封。为什么从这里入手:目标是“安排卡片 1、2”,而“三个信封有标签,放法需要区分信封。”恰好给出了它所缺的前置量或等价关系。先把这条信息写成可计算的等式,后续只需沿等价变形逐步推进;若跳过这一步,就无法说明答案为何由题设唯一确定。详细展开:卡片 1、2 必须同信封,该信封有 3 种选择;一旦选定,这个信封已经装满。3 种\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{3}\text{ \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{种}}3 种(2)分配剩余四张余下两个有标签信封各放两张。为什么从这里入手:目标是“分配剩余四张”,而“余下两个有标签信封各放两张。”恰好给出了它所缺的前置量或等价关系。先把这条信息写成可计算的等式,后续只需沿等价变形逐步推进;若跳过这一步,就无法说明答案为何由题设唯一确定。详细展开:只需从 4 张中选 2 张放入其中一个指定信封,另 2 张自动进入最后一个信封,共 (42)=6\binom42=6(24)=6 种。因此总数为 3⋅6=18\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=6}{\cdot}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{8}3⋅6=18。18B\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{8}}\quad\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{B}}18B
(1)安排卡片 1、2三个信封有标签,放法需要区分信封。为什么从这里入手:目标是“安排卡片 1、2”,而“三个信封有标签,放法需要区分信封。”恰好给出了它所缺的前置量或等价关系。先把这条信息写成可计算的等式,后续只需沿等价变形逐步推进;若跳过这一步,就无法说明答案为何由题设唯一确定。详细展开:卡片 1、2 必须同信封,该信封有 3 种选择;一旦选定,这个信封已经装满。3 种\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{3}\text{ \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{种}}3 种
(2)分配剩余四张余下两个有标签信封各放两张。为什么从这里入手:目标是“分配剩余四张”,而“余下两个有标签信封各放两张。”恰好给出了它所缺的前置量或等价关系。先把这条信息写成可计算的等式,后续只需沿等价变形逐步推进;若跳过这一步,就无法说明答案为何由题设唯一确定。详细展开:只需从 4 张中选 2 张放入其中一个指定信封,另 2 张自动进入最后一个信封,共 (42)=6\binom42=6(24)=6 种。因此总数为 3⋅6=18\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=6}{\cdot}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{8}3⋅6=18。18B\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{8}}\quad\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{B}}18B
10一、选择题 · 平面向量△ABC\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=10}{\triangle }\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{C}△ABC 中, 点 D\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{D}D 在边 AB\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B}AB 上, CD\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{D}CD 平分 ∠ACB\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=7}{\angle }\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{B}∠ACB. 若 CB→=a\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{B}} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{=} \boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{a}}CB=a, CA→=b\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{A}} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{=} \boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{b}}CA=b, ∣a∣=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{a}}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{|} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{1}∣a∣=1, ∣b∣=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{b}}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{|} \htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{2}∣b∣=2, 则 CD→=()\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{D}} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{(}\quad\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{)}CD=() (A) 13a+23b\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{3}}\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{a}} \htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{+} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{2}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{3}}\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=51,tutor-end=52}{b}}31a+32b (B) 23a+13b\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{3}}\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{a}} \htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{+} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{3}}\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=51,tutor-end=52}{b}}32a+31b (C) 35a+45b\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{3}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{5}}\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{a}} \htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{+} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{4}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{5}}\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=51,tutor-end=52}{b}}53a+54b (D) 45a+35b\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{4}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{5}}\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{a}} \htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{+} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{3}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{5}}\boldsymbol{\htmlData{tutor-start=51,tutor-end=52}{b}}54a+53b答案:B;2a/3+b/3题目标签:角平分线向量解题过程用角平分线定理表示向量先求分点比例,再使用内分点公式(1)求 AD:DB\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{:}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{B}AD:DBCD\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{D}CD 平分 ∠ACB\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=7}{\angle }\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{B}∠ACB,邻边长度分别为 CA=2,CB=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{1}CA=2,CB=1。为什么从这里入手:目标是“求 AD:DB\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{:}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{B}AD:DB”,而“CD\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{D}CD 平分 ∠ACB\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=7}{\angle }\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{B}∠ACB,邻边长度分别为 CA=2,CB=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{1}CA=2,CB=1。”恰好给出了它所缺的前置量或等价关系。先把这条信息写成可计算的等式,后续只需沿等价变形逐步推进;若跳过这一步,就无法说明答案为何由题设唯一确定。详细展开:由角平分线定理 AD/DB=CA/CB=2/1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{1}AD/DB=CA/CB=2/1,所以 D\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{D}D 把 AB\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B}AB 按 2:1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{:}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}2:1 内分。AD:DB=2:1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{:}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{:}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{1}AD:DB=2:1(2)写出位置向量以 C\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}C 为原点,则 A,B\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{B}A,B 的位置向量分别为 b,a\boldsymbol b,\boldsymbol ab,a。为什么从这里入手:空间关系只靠观察容易漏条件,而“以 C\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}C 为原点,则 A,B\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{B}A,B 的位置向量分别为 b,a\boldsymbol b,\boldsymbol ab,a。”可以直接翻译成垂直、平行、数量积或体积公式。先写出位置向量,是在建立可验证的几何链条,而不是凭图形猜结论。详细展开:内分点公式给出 CD→=(1/3)b+(2/3)a\overrightarrow{CD}=(1/3)\boldsymbol b+(2/3)\boldsymbol aCD=(1/3)b+(2/3)a。注意靠近 B\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}B 的点具有更大的 B\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}B 向量系数。CD→=23a+13bB\boxed{\overrightarrow{CD}=\frac{2}{3}\boldsymbol a+\frac{1}{3}\boldsymbol b}\quad\text{B}CD=32a+31bB
(1)求 AD:DB\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{:}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{B}AD:DBCD\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{D}CD 平分 ∠ACB\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=7}{\angle }\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{B}∠ACB,邻边长度分别为 CA=2,CB=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{1}CA=2,CB=1。为什么从这里入手:目标是“求 AD:DB\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{:}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{B}AD:DB”,而“CD\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{D}CD 平分 ∠ACB\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=7}{\angle }\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{B}∠ACB,邻边长度分别为 CA=2,CB=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{1}CA=2,CB=1。”恰好给出了它所缺的前置量或等价关系。先把这条信息写成可计算的等式,后续只需沿等价变形逐步推进;若跳过这一步,就无法说明答案为何由题设唯一确定。详细展开:由角平分线定理 AD/DB=CA/CB=2/1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{1}AD/DB=CA/CB=2/1,所以 D\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{D}D 把 AB\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B}AB 按 2:1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{:}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}2:1 内分。AD:DB=2:1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{:}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{:}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{1}AD:DB=2:1
(2)写出位置向量以 C\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}C 为原点,则 A,B\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{B}A,B 的位置向量分别为 b,a\boldsymbol b,\boldsymbol ab,a。为什么从这里入手:空间关系只靠观察容易漏条件,而“以 C\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}C 为原点,则 A,B\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{B}A,B 的位置向量分别为 b,a\boldsymbol b,\boldsymbol ab,a。”可以直接翻译成垂直、平行、数量积或体积公式。先写出位置向量,是在建立可验证的几何链条,而不是凭图形猜结论。详细展开:内分点公式给出 CD→=(1/3)b+(2/3)a\overrightarrow{CD}=(1/3)\boldsymbol b+(2/3)\boldsymbol aCD=(1/3)b+(2/3)a。注意靠近 B\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}B 的点具有更大的 B\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}B 向量系数。CD→=23a+13bB\boxed{\overrightarrow{CD}=\frac{2}{3}\boldsymbol a+\frac{1}{3}\boldsymbol b}\quad\text{B}CD=32a+31bB
11一、选择题 · 立体几何与正方体 ABCD−A1B1C1D1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{A}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{B}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{D}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{1}}ABCD−A1B1C1D1 的三条棱 AB\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B}AB、CC1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}}CC1、A1D1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{D}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{1}}A1D1 所在直线的距离相等的点 ()\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\quad\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{)}() (A) 有且只有 1 个 (B) 有且只有 2 个 (C) 有且只有 3 个 (D) 有无数个答案:D;无数个题目标签:空间等距点解题过程判断到三条棱所在直线等距的点数寻找能循环交换三条直线的空间对称(1)建立单位正方体坐标把 AB,CC1,A1D1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{A}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{D}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{1}}AB,CC1,A1D1 分别写成三条坐标方向的直线。为什么从这里入手:解析几何的目的,是把图形关系变成坐标等式。“把 AB,CC1,A1D1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{A}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{D}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{1}}AB,CC1,A1D1 分别写成三条坐标方向的直线。”提供了点、斜率、距离或焦点条件,先建立单位正方体坐标后,交点、弦长和轨迹都能交给方程与韦达定理处理。详细展开:取 A(0,0,0),B(1,0,0),C(1,1,0),A1(0,0,1),D1(0,1,1)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{A}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{D}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=48,tutor-end=49}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=50}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=50,tutor-end=51}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=51,tutor-end=52}{)}A(0,0,0),B(1,0,0),C(1,1,0),A1(0,0,1),D1(0,1,1)。变换 R(x,y,z)=(1−y,1−z,x)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{R}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{z}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{z}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{)}R(x,y,z)=(1−y,1−z,x) 会依次把三条直线循环映到下一条。AB→RCC1→RA1D1→RAB\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B}\xrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{R}}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{1}}\xrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{R}}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{A}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{D}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{1}}\xrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=61,tutor-end=62}{R}}\htmlData{tutor-start=63,tutor-end=64}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=64,tutor-end=65}{B}ABRCC1RA1D1RAB(2)找出对称轴上的点被该旋转保持不动的点到被循环交换的三条直线距离必相等。为什么从这里入手:解析几何的目的,是把图形关系变成坐标等式。“被该旋转保持不动的点到被循环交换的三条直线距离必相等。”提供了点、斜率、距离或焦点条件,先找出对称轴上的点后,交点、弦长和轨迹都能交给方程与韦达定理处理。详细展开:解 R(x,y,z)=(x,y,z)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{R}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{z}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{z}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{)}R(x,y,z)=(x,y,z) 得 x=z=t,y=1−t\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{z}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{t}x=z=t,y=1−t。因此整条直线 {(t,1−t,t):t∈R}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=2}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{:}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=16}{\in}\mathbb{\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{R}}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=28}{\}}{(t,1−t,t):t∈R} 上的点都满足条件,点有无数个。(t,1−t,t) (t∈R)D\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=18}{\ }\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=23}{\in}\mathbb{\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{R}}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{)}}\quad\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{D}}(t,1−t,t) (t∈R)D
(1)建立单位正方体坐标把 AB,CC1,A1D1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{A}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{D}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{1}}AB,CC1,A1D1 分别写成三条坐标方向的直线。为什么从这里入手:解析几何的目的,是把图形关系变成坐标等式。“把 AB,CC1,A1D1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{A}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{D}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{1}}AB,CC1,A1D1 分别写成三条坐标方向的直线。”提供了点、斜率、距离或焦点条件,先建立单位正方体坐标后,交点、弦长和轨迹都能交给方程与韦达定理处理。详细展开:取 A(0,0,0),B(1,0,0),C(1,1,0),A1(0,0,1),D1(0,1,1)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{A}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{D}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=48,tutor-end=49}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=50}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=50,tutor-end=51}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=51,tutor-end=52}{)}A(0,0,0),B(1,0,0),C(1,1,0),A1(0,0,1),D1(0,1,1)。变换 R(x,y,z)=(1−y,1−z,x)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{R}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{z}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{z}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{)}R(x,y,z)=(1−y,1−z,x) 会依次把三条直线循环映到下一条。AB→RCC1→RA1D1→RAB\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B}\xrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{R}}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{1}}\xrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{R}}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{A}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{D}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{1}}\xrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=61,tutor-end=62}{R}}\htmlData{tutor-start=63,tutor-end=64}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=64,tutor-end=65}{B}ABRCC1RA1D1RAB
(2)找出对称轴上的点被该旋转保持不动的点到被循环交换的三条直线距离必相等。为什么从这里入手:解析几何的目的,是把图形关系变成坐标等式。“被该旋转保持不动的点到被循环交换的三条直线距离必相等。”提供了点、斜率、距离或焦点条件,先找出对称轴上的点后,交点、弦长和轨迹都能交给方程与韦达定理处理。详细展开:解 R(x,y,z)=(x,y,z)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{R}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{z}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{z}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{)}R(x,y,z)=(x,y,z) 得 x=z=t,y=1−t\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{z}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{t}x=z=t,y=1−t。因此整条直线 {(t,1−t,t):t∈R}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=2}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{:}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=16}{\in}\mathbb{\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{R}}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=28}{\}}{(t,1−t,t):t∈R} 上的点都满足条件,点有无数个。(t,1−t,t) (t∈R)D\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=18}{\ }\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=23}{\in}\mathbb{\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{R}}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{)}}\quad\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{D}}(t,1−t,t) (t∈R)D
12一、选择题 · 圆锥曲线已知椭圆 C:x2a2+y2b2=1 (a>b>0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{:} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{2}}} \htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{+} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{y}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{2}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{2}}} \htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=51}{\ }\htmlData{tutor-start=51,tutor-end=52}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=52,tutor-end=53}{a} \htmlData{tutor-start=54,tutor-end=55}{>} \htmlData{tutor-start=56,tutor-end=57}{b} \htmlData{tutor-start=58,tutor-end=59}{>} \htmlData{tutor-start=60,tutor-end=61}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=61,tutor-end=62}{)}C:a2x2+b2y2=1 (a>b>0) 的离心率为 32\frac{\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{3}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}}23, 过右焦点 F\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{F}F 且斜率为 k (k>0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=4}{\ }\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{k} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{>} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{)}k (k>0) 的直线与 C\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}C 相交于 A\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}A、B\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}B 两点. 若 AF→=3FB→\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{F}} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{3}\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{F}\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{B}}AF=3FB, 则 k=()\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k} \htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{(}\quad\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{)}k=() (A) 1 (B) 2\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}}2 (C) 3\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{3}}3 (D) 2答案:B;√2题目标签:椭圆焦点弦解题过程由焦点分弦比例求直线斜率把焦点作为参数原点,并用向量比例同时表示两个交点(1)参数化交点设右焦点 F=(ea,0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{F}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{e}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{)}F=(ea,0),直线方向向量取 (1,k)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}(1,k)。为什么从这里入手:解析几何的目的,是把图形关系变成坐标等式。“设右焦点 F=(ea,0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{F}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{e}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{)}F=(ea,0),直线方向向量取 (1,k)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}(1,k)。”提供了点、斜率、距离或焦点条件,先参数化交点后,交点、弦长和轨迹都能交给方程与韦达定理处理。详细展开:由 AF→=3FB→\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{F}}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{3}\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{F}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{B}}AF=3FB,可设 B=F+(u,ku)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{F}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{u}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{u}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{)}B=F+(u,ku)、A=F−3(u,ku)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{F}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{u}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{u}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{)}A=F−3(u,ku)。再令 w=u/a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{w}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{u}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{a}w=u/a,离心率给出 e=3/2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{e}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}e=3/2、b2=a2/4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{4}b2=a2/4。B=(a(e+w),akw),A=(a(e−3w),−3akw)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{e}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{w}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{w}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{,}\quad \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{e}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{w}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{w}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{)}B=(a(e+w),akw),A=(a(e−3w),−3akw)(2)分别代入椭圆并消元两个点都在同一椭圆上,所得两式相减可消去常数项。为什么从这里入手:解析几何的目的,是把图形关系变成坐标等式。“两个点都在同一椭圆上,所得两式相减可消去常数项。”提供了点、斜率、距离或焦点条件,先分别代入椭圆并消元后,交点、弦长和轨迹都能交给方程与韦达定理处理。详细展开:代入 x2/a2+4y2/a2=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{y}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{1}x2/a2+4y2/a2=1,整理两式可得 (1+4k2)w2=1/12\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{k}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{w}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{2}(1+4k2)w2=1/12 与 ew=1/12\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{e}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{w}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}ew=1/12。由 e=3/2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{e}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}e=3/2 得 w=1/(63)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{w}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{6}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{)}w=1/(63),从而 1+4k2=9\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{k}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{9}1+4k2=9。k=2B\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{2}}}\quad\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{B}}k=2B
(1)参数化交点设右焦点 F=(ea,0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{F}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{e}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{)}F=(ea,0),直线方向向量取 (1,k)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}(1,k)。为什么从这里入手:解析几何的目的,是把图形关系变成坐标等式。“设右焦点 F=(ea,0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{F}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{e}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{)}F=(ea,0),直线方向向量取 (1,k)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}(1,k)。”提供了点、斜率、距离或焦点条件,先参数化交点后,交点、弦长和轨迹都能交给方程与韦达定理处理。详细展开:由 AF→=3FB→\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{F}}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{3}\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{F}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{B}}AF=3FB,可设 B=F+(u,ku)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{F}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{u}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{u}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{)}B=F+(u,ku)、A=F−3(u,ku)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{F}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{u}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{u}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{)}A=F−3(u,ku)。再令 w=u/a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{w}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{u}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{a}w=u/a,离心率给出 e=3/2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{e}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}e=3/2、b2=a2/4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{4}b2=a2/4。B=(a(e+w),akw),A=(a(e−3w),−3akw)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{e}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{w}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{w}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{,}\quad \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{e}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{w}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{w}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{)}B=(a(e+w),akw),A=(a(e−3w),−3akw)
(2)分别代入椭圆并消元两个点都在同一椭圆上,所得两式相减可消去常数项。为什么从这里入手:解析几何的目的,是把图形关系变成坐标等式。“两个点都在同一椭圆上,所得两式相减可消去常数项。”提供了点、斜率、距离或焦点条件,先分别代入椭圆并消元后,交点、弦长和轨迹都能交给方程与韦达定理处理。详细展开:代入 x2/a2+4y2/a2=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{y}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{1}x2/a2+4y2/a2=1,整理两式可得 (1+4k2)w2=1/12\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{k}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{w}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{2}(1+4k2)w2=1/12 与 ew=1/12\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{e}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{w}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}ew=1/12。由 e=3/2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{e}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}e=3/2 得 w=1/(63)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{w}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{6}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{)}w=1/(63),从而 1+4k2=9\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{k}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{9}1+4k2=9。k=2B\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{2}}}\quad\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{B}}k=2B
13二、填空题 · 三角函数已知 α\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=6}{\alpha}α 是第二象限的角, tanα=−12\tan \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=12}{\alpha }\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{-}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{2}}tanα=−21, 则 \cos \alpha = _____.答案:-2√5/5题目标签:第二象限余弦解题过程由正切求第二象限余弦构造直角三角形并用象限决定符号(1)求参考三角形边长tanα=−1/2\tan\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=10}{\alpha}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}tanα=−1/2 表示对边与邻边绝对值之比为 1:2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{:}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}1:2。为什么从这里入手:三角题先把未知角转成特殊角、同一角或已知边角关系。“tanα=−1/2\tan\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=10}{\alpha}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}tanα=−1/2 表示对边与邻边绝对值之比为 1:2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{:}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}1:2。”指出了可用的象限、恒等式或几何关系,先求参考三角形边长可以同时确定数值和正负号。详细展开:可取直角边绝对值为 1、2,则斜边为 5\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{5}}5,所以余弦绝对值为 2/5\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{/}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{5}}2/5。∣cosα∣=25|\cos\alpha|=\frac2{\sqrt{5}}∣cosα∣=52(2)加入象限符号第二象限余弦为负。为什么从这里入手:解析几何的目的,是把图形关系变成坐标等式。“第二象限余弦为负。”提供了点、斜率、距离或焦点条件,先加入象限符号后,交点、弦长和轨迹都能交给方程与韦达定理处理。详细展开:因此 cosα=−2/5=−25/5\cos\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=10}{\alpha}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{/}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{5}}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{2}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{5}}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{5}cosα=−2/5=−25/5。−255\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{-}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{5}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{5}}}−525
(1)求参考三角形边长tanα=−1/2\tan\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=10}{\alpha}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}tanα=−1/2 表示对边与邻边绝对值之比为 1:2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{:}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}1:2。为什么从这里入手:三角题先把未知角转成特殊角、同一角或已知边角关系。“tanα=−1/2\tan\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=10}{\alpha}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}tanα=−1/2 表示对边与邻边绝对值之比为 1:2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{:}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}1:2。”指出了可用的象限、恒等式或几何关系,先求参考三角形边长可以同时确定数值和正负号。详细展开:可取直角边绝对值为 1、2,则斜边为 5\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{5}}5,所以余弦绝对值为 2/5\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{/}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{5}}2/5。∣cosα∣=25|\cos\alpha|=\frac2{\sqrt{5}}∣cosα∣=52
(2)加入象限符号第二象限余弦为负。为什么从这里入手:解析几何的目的,是把图形关系变成坐标等式。“第二象限余弦为负。”提供了点、斜率、距离或焦点条件,先加入象限符号后,交点、弦长和轨迹都能交给方程与韦达定理处理。详细展开:因此 cosα=−2/5=−25/5\cos\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=10}{\alpha}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{/}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{5}}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{2}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{5}}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{5}cosα=−2/5=−25/5。−255\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{-}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{5}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{5}}}−525
14二、填空题 · 二项式定理(x+1x)9\left(\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{+} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{x}}\right)^{\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{9}}(x+x1)9 的展开式中 x3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{3}}x3 的系数是 _____.答案:84\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{8}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{4}84题目标签:二项式系数解题过程求二项展开中指定幂的系数用通项令 x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}x 的指数等于 3(1)写出第 k+1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}k+1 项从 9 个因子中选 k\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k}k 个 1/x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}1/x,其余选 x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}x。为什么从这里入手:目标是“写出第 k+1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}k+1 项”,而“从 9 个因子中选 k\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k}k 个 1/x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}1/x,其余选 x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}x。”恰好给出了它所缺的前置量或等价关系。先把这条信息写成可计算的等式,后续只需沿等价变形逐步推进;若跳过这一步,就无法说明答案为何由题设唯一确定。详细展开:对应项为 (9k)x9−kx−k=(9k)x9−2k\binom9k x^{9-k}x^{-k}=\binom9k x^{9-2k}(k9)x9−kx−k=(k9)x9−2k。Tk+1=(9k)x9−2kT_{k+1}=\binom9k x^{9-2k}Tk+1=(k9)x9−2k(2)匹配指数要求 9−2k=3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{3}9−2k=3。为什么从这里入手:目标是“匹配指数”,而“要求 9−2k=3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{3}9−2k=3。”恰好给出了它所缺的前置量或等价关系。先把这条信息写成可计算的等式,后续只需沿等价变形逐步推进;若跳过这一步,就无法说明答案为何由题设唯一确定。详细展开:解得 k=3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{3}k=3,故系数为 (93)=84\binom93=84(39)=84。84\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{8}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{4}}84
(1)写出第 k+1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}k+1 项从 9 个因子中选 k\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k}k 个 1/x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}1/x,其余选 x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}x。为什么从这里入手:目标是“写出第 k+1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}k+1 项”,而“从 9 个因子中选 k\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k}k 个 1/x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}1/x,其余选 x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}x。”恰好给出了它所缺的前置量或等价关系。先把这条信息写成可计算的等式,后续只需沿等价变形逐步推进;若跳过这一步,就无法说明答案为何由题设唯一确定。详细展开:对应项为 (9k)x9−kx−k=(9k)x9−2k\binom9k x^{9-k}x^{-k}=\binom9k x^{9-2k}(k9)x9−kx−k=(k9)x9−2k。Tk+1=(9k)x9−2kT_{k+1}=\binom9k x^{9-2k}Tk+1=(k9)x9−2k
(2)匹配指数要求 9−2k=3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{3}9−2k=3。为什么从这里入手:目标是“匹配指数”,而“要求 9−2k=3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{3}9−2k=3。”恰好给出了它所缺的前置量或等价关系。先把这条信息写成可计算的等式,后续只需沿等价变形逐步推进;若跳过这一步,就无法说明答案为何由题设唯一确定。详细展开:解得 k=3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{3}k=3,故系数为 (93)=84\binom93=84(39)=84。84\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{8}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{4}}84
15二、填空题 · 圆锥曲线已知抛物线 C:y2=2px (p>0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{:} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{y}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{p}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=17}{\ }\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{p} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{>} \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{)}C:y2=2px (p>0) 的准线为 l\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{l}l, 过 M(1,0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{)}M(1,0) 且斜率为 3\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{3}}3 的直线与 l\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{l}l 相交于点 A\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}A, 与 C\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}C 的一个交点为 B\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}B. 若 AM→=MB→\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{M}} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{=} \overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{B}}AM=MB, 则 p = _____.答案:2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}2题目标签:抛物线准线与中点解题过程由准线中点条件求抛物线参数先用 M\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{M}M 是 AB\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B}AB 中点直接表示 A,B\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{B}A,B(1)写出两点坐标抛物线 y2=2px\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{p}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{x}y2=2px 的准线是 x=−p/2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{p}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{2}x=−p/2,过 M(1,0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}M(1,0) 的直线为 y=3(x−1)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{)}y=3(x−1)。为什么从这里入手:解析几何的目的,是把图形关系变成坐标等式。“抛物线 y2=2px\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{p}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{x}y2=2px 的准线是 x=−p/2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{p}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{2}x=−p/2,过 M(1,0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}M(1,0) 的直线为 y=3(x−1)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{)}y=3(x−1)。”提供了点、斜率、距离或焦点条件,先写出两点坐标后,交点、弦长和轨迹都能交给方程与韦达定理处理。详细展开:所以 A=(−p/2,−3(p/2+1))\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{p}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{-}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{p}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{)}A=(−p/2,−3(p/2+1))。由 AM→=MB→\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{M}}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{=}\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{B}}AM=MB,M\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{M}M 是 AB\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B}AB 中点,故 B=(2+p/2,3(p/2+1))\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{p}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{,}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{p}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{)}B=(2+p/2,3(p/2+1))。B=(2+p2,3(1+p2))\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\left(\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{+}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{p}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{,}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{3}}\left(\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{+}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{p}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{2}}\right)\right)B=(2+2p,3(1+2p))(2)把 B\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}B 代入抛物线此时只剩参数 p\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{p}p。为什么从这里入手:解析几何的目的,是把图形关系变成坐标等式。“此时只剩参数 p\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{p}p。”提供了点、斜率、距离或焦点条件,先把 B\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}B 代入抛物线后,交点、弦长和轨迹都能交给方程与韦达定理处理。详细展开:代入 yB2=2pxB\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{B}}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{p}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{B}}yB2=2pxB 得 3(1+p/2)2=2p(2+p/2)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{p}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{p}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{p}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{)}3(1+p/2)2=2p(2+p/2),化简为 p2+4p−12=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{p}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{p}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{0}p2+4p−12=0。结合 p>0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{p}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{>}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}p>0,取 p=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{p}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}p=2。p=2\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{p}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}p=2
(1)写出两点坐标抛物线 y2=2px\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{p}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{x}y2=2px 的准线是 x=−p/2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{p}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{2}x=−p/2,过 M(1,0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}M(1,0) 的直线为 y=3(x−1)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{)}y=3(x−1)。为什么从这里入手:解析几何的目的,是把图形关系变成坐标等式。“抛物线 y2=2px\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{p}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{x}y2=2px 的准线是 x=−p/2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{p}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{2}x=−p/2,过 M(1,0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}M(1,0) 的直线为 y=3(x−1)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{)}y=3(x−1)。”提供了点、斜率、距离或焦点条件,先写出两点坐标后,交点、弦长和轨迹都能交给方程与韦达定理处理。详细展开:所以 A=(−p/2,−3(p/2+1))\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{p}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{-}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{p}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{)}A=(−p/2,−3(p/2+1))。由 AM→=MB→\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{M}}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{=}\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{B}}AM=MB,M\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{M}M 是 AB\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B}AB 中点,故 B=(2+p/2,3(p/2+1))\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{p}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{,}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{p}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{)}B=(2+p/2,3(p/2+1))。B=(2+p2,3(1+p2))\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\left(\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{+}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{p}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{,}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{3}}\left(\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{+}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{p}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{2}}\right)\right)B=(2+2p,3(1+2p))
(2)把 B\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}B 代入抛物线此时只剩参数 p\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{p}p。为什么从这里入手:解析几何的目的,是把图形关系变成坐标等式。“此时只剩参数 p\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{p}p。”提供了点、斜率、距离或焦点条件,先把 B\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}B 代入抛物线后,交点、弦长和轨迹都能交给方程与韦达定理处理。详细展开:代入 yB2=2pxB\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{B}}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{p}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{B}}yB2=2pxB 得 3(1+p/2)2=2p(2+p/2)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{p}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{p}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{p}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{)}3(1+p/2)2=2p(2+p/2),化简为 p2+4p−12=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{p}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{p}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{0}p2+4p−12=0。结合 p>0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{p}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{>}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}p>0,取 p=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{p}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}p=2。p=2\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{p}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}p=2
16二、填空题 · 立体几何已知球 O\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}O 的半径为 4, 圆 M\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{M}M 与圆 N\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{N}N 为该球的两个小圆, AB\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B}AB 为圆 M\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{M}M 与圆 N\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{N}N 的公共弦, AB=4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{4}AB=4. 若 OM=ON=3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{M} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{N} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{3}OM=ON=3, 则两圆圆心的距离 MN = _____.答案:3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{3}3题目标签:球截面圆心距解题过程求两个球截面圆的圆心距把小圆圆心看成球心到截平面的垂足(1)求球心到公共弦的距离设公共弦 AB\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B}AB 中点为 P\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{P}P。为什么从这里入手:解析几何的目的,是把图形关系变成坐标等式。“设公共弦 AB\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B}AB 中点为 P\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{P}P。”提供了点、斜率、距离或焦点条件,先求球心到公共弦的距离后,交点、弦长和轨迹都能交给方程与韦达定理处理。详细展开:在球心、弦中点和弦端点构成的直角三角形中,OP=42−(AB/2)2=16−4=23\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{4}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{2}}}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{=}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{4}}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{2}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{3}}OP=42−(AB/2)2=16−4=23。OP=23\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{3}}OP=23(2)由两个截平面法向量求 MN\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{N}MN令沿 OM,ON\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{N}OM,ON 的单位向量夹角为 θ\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=6}{\theta}θ,两截平面可写成 u⋅x=3\boldsymbol u\cdot\boldsymbol x=3u⋅x=3、v⋅x=3\boldsymbol v\cdot\boldsymbol x=3v⋅x=3。为什么从这里入手:空间关系只靠观察容易漏条件,而“令沿 OM,ON\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{N}OM,ON 的单位向量夹角为 θ\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=6}{\theta}θ,两截平面可写成 u⋅x=3\boldsymbol u\cdot\boldsymbol x=3u⋅x=3、v⋅x=3\boldsymbol v\cdot\boldsymbol x=3v⋅x=3。”可以直接翻译成垂直、平行、数量积或体积公式。先由两个截平面法向量求 MN\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{N}MN,是在建立可验证的几何链条,而不是凭图形猜结论。详细展开:两平面交线上离 O\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}O 最近点为 P=3(u+v)/(1+cosθ)P=3(\boldsymbol u+\boldsymbol v)/(1+\cos\theta)P=3(u+v)/(1+cosθ),故 OP2=18/(1+cosθ)=12\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{P}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{8}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{+}\cos\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=23}{\theta}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{2}OP2=18/(1+cosθ)=12,得到 cosθ=1/2\cos\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=10}{\theta}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}cosθ=1/2。于是 MN2=32+32−18cosθ=9\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{N}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{3}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{3}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{8}\cos\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=31}{\theta}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{9}MN2=32+32−18cosθ=9。MN=3\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{N}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{3}}MN=3
(1)求球心到公共弦的距离设公共弦 AB\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B}AB 中点为 P\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{P}P。为什么从这里入手:解析几何的目的,是把图形关系变成坐标等式。“设公共弦 AB\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B}AB 中点为 P\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{P}P。”提供了点、斜率、距离或焦点条件,先求球心到公共弦的距离后,交点、弦长和轨迹都能交给方程与韦达定理处理。详细展开:在球心、弦中点和弦端点构成的直角三角形中,OP=42−(AB/2)2=16−4=23\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{4}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{2}}}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{=}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{4}}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{2}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{3}}OP=42−(AB/2)2=16−4=23。OP=23\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{3}}OP=23
(2)由两个截平面法向量求 MN\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{N}MN令沿 OM,ON\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{N}OM,ON 的单位向量夹角为 θ\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=6}{\theta}θ,两截平面可写成 u⋅x=3\boldsymbol u\cdot\boldsymbol x=3u⋅x=3、v⋅x=3\boldsymbol v\cdot\boldsymbol x=3v⋅x=3。为什么从这里入手:空间关系只靠观察容易漏条件,而“令沿 OM,ON\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{N}OM,ON 的单位向量夹角为 θ\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=6}{\theta}θ,两截平面可写成 u⋅x=3\boldsymbol u\cdot\boldsymbol x=3u⋅x=3、v⋅x=3\boldsymbol v\cdot\boldsymbol x=3v⋅x=3。”可以直接翻译成垂直、平行、数量积或体积公式。先由两个截平面法向量求 MN\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{N}MN,是在建立可验证的几何链条,而不是凭图形猜结论。详细展开:两平面交线上离 O\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}O 最近点为 P=3(u+v)/(1+cosθ)P=3(\boldsymbol u+\boldsymbol v)/(1+\cos\theta)P=3(u+v)/(1+cosθ),故 OP2=18/(1+cosθ)=12\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{O}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{P}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{8}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{+}\cos\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=23}{\theta}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{2}OP2=18/(1+cosθ)=12,得到 cosθ=1/2\cos\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=10}{\theta}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}cosθ=1/2。于是 MN2=32+32−18cosθ=9\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{N}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{3}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{3}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{8}\cos\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=31}{\theta}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{9}MN2=32+32−18cosθ=9。MN=3\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{N}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{3}}MN=3
17三、解答题 · 三角函数△ABC\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=10}{\triangle }\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{C}△ABC 中, D\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{D}D 为边 BC\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C}BC 上的一点, BD=33\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{D} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{3}BD=33, sinB=513\sin \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{B} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{5}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{3}}sinB=135, cos∠ADC=35\cos \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=12}{\angle }\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{C} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{=} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{3}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{5}}cos∠ADC=53, 求 AD\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{D}AD.答案:25\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{5}25题目标签:解三角形解题过程在含分点的三角形中求边长先把外角转成三角形 ABD\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{D}ABD 的内角(1)补齐所需三角函数B,D,C\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{C}B,D,C 共线,所以 ∠ADB=π−∠ADC\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=7}{\angle }\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=14}{\pi}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=22}{\angle }\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{C}∠ADB=π−∠ADC。为什么从这里入手:三角题先把未知角转成特殊角、同一角或已知边角关系。“B,D,C\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{C}B,D,C 共线,所以 ∠ADB=π−∠ADC\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=7}{\angle }\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=14}{\pi}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=22}{\angle }\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{C}∠ADB=π−∠ADC。”指出了可用的象限、恒等式或几何关系,先补齐所需三角函数可以同时确定数值和正负号。详细展开:由 cos∠ADC=3/5\cos\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=11}{\angle }\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{5}cos∠ADC=3/5 得 sin∠ADB=4/5\sin\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=11}{\angle }\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{5}sin∠ADB=4/5、cos∠ADB=−3/5\cos\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=11}{\angle }\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{5}cos∠ADB=−3/5。因 ∠ADB\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=7}{\angle }\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{B}∠ADB 已是钝角,B\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}B 必为锐角,故 cosB=12/13\cos \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{3}cosB=12/13。sin∠ADB=45,cosB=1213\sin\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=11}{\angle }\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{=}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{4}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{5}}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{,}\quad\cos \htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{=}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{2}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=50}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=50,tutor-end=51}{3}}sin∠ADB=54,cosB=1312(2)求 ngle BAD 的正弦并用正弦定理∠BAD=∠ADC−B\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=7}{\angle }\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=18}{\angle }\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{B}∠BAD=∠ADC−B。为什么从这里入手:解析几何的目的,是把图形关系变成坐标等式。“∠BAD=∠ADC−B\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=7}{\angle }\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=18}{\angle }\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{B}∠BAD=∠ADC−B。”提供了点、斜率、距离或焦点条件,先求 ngle BAD 的正弦并用正弦定理后,交点、弦长和轨迹都能交给方程与韦达定理处理。详细展开:所以 sin∠BAD=(4/5)(12/13)−(3/5)(5/13)=33/65\sin\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=11}{\angle }\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{5}sin∠BAD=(4/5)(12/13)−(3/5)(5/13)=33/65。在 △ABD\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=10}{\triangle }\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{D}△ABD 中,AD/sinB=BD/sin∠BAD\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{/}\sin \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{/}\sin\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=24}{\angle }\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{D}AD/sinB=BD/sin∠BAD,从而 AD=33(5/13)/(33/65)=25\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{5}AD=33(5/13)/(33/65)=25。AD=25\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{5}}AD=25
(1)补齐所需三角函数B,D,C\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{C}B,D,C 共线,所以 ∠ADB=π−∠ADC\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=7}{\angle }\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=14}{\pi}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=22}{\angle }\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{C}∠ADB=π−∠ADC。为什么从这里入手:三角题先把未知角转成特殊角、同一角或已知边角关系。“B,D,C\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{C}B,D,C 共线,所以 ∠ADB=π−∠ADC\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=7}{\angle }\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=14}{\pi}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=22}{\angle }\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{C}∠ADB=π−∠ADC。”指出了可用的象限、恒等式或几何关系,先补齐所需三角函数可以同时确定数值和正负号。详细展开:由 cos∠ADC=3/5\cos\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=11}{\angle }\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{5}cos∠ADC=3/5 得 sin∠ADB=4/5\sin\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=11}{\angle }\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{5}sin∠ADB=4/5、cos∠ADB=−3/5\cos\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=11}{\angle }\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{5}cos∠ADB=−3/5。因 ∠ADB\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=7}{\angle }\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{B}∠ADB 已是钝角,B\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}B 必为锐角,故 cosB=12/13\cos \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{3}cosB=12/13。sin∠ADB=45,cosB=1213\sin\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=11}{\angle }\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{=}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{4}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{5}}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{,}\quad\cos \htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{=}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{2}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=50}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=50,tutor-end=51}{3}}sin∠ADB=54,cosB=1312
(2)求 ngle BAD 的正弦并用正弦定理∠BAD=∠ADC−B\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=7}{\angle }\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=18}{\angle }\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{B}∠BAD=∠ADC−B。为什么从这里入手:解析几何的目的,是把图形关系变成坐标等式。“∠BAD=∠ADC−B\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=7}{\angle }\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=18}{\angle }\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{B}∠BAD=∠ADC−B。”提供了点、斜率、距离或焦点条件,先求 ngle BAD 的正弦并用正弦定理后,交点、弦长和轨迹都能交给方程与韦达定理处理。详细展开:所以 sin∠BAD=(4/5)(12/13)−(3/5)(5/13)=33/65\sin\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=11}{\angle }\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{5}sin∠BAD=(4/5)(12/13)−(3/5)(5/13)=33/65。在 △ABD\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=10}{\triangle }\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{D}△ABD 中,AD/sinB=BD/sin∠BAD\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{/}\sin \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{/}\sin\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=24}{\angle }\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{D}AD/sinB=BD/sin∠BAD,从而 AD=33(5/13)/(33/65)=25\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{5}AD=33(5/13)/(33/65)=25。AD=25\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{5}}AD=25
18三、解答题 · 数列已知 {an}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=2}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{n}}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=9}{\}}{an} 是各项均为正数的等比数列, 且 a1+a2=2(1a1+1a2)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}\left(\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{1}}} \htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{+} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=50,tutor-end=51}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=53,tutor-end=54}{2}}}\right)a1+a2=2(a11+a21), a3+a4+a5=64(1a3+1a4+1a5)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{3}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{4}} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{5}} \htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{4}\left(\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{3}}} \htmlData{tutor-start=48,tutor-end=49}{+} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=56,tutor-end=57}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=59,tutor-end=60}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=62,tutor-end=63}{4}}} \htmlData{tutor-start=66,tutor-end=67}{+} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=74,tutor-end=75}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=77,tutor-end=78}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=80,tutor-end=81}{5}}}\right)a3+a4+a5=64(a31+a41+a51). (1) 求 {an}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=2}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{n}}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=9}{\}}{an} 的通项公式; (2) 设 bn=(an+1an)2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{n}} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=} \left(\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{n}} \htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{+} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{n}}}\right)^{\htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{2}}bn=(an+an1)2, 求数列 {bn}\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=2}{\{}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{b}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{n}}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=9}{\}}{bn} 的前 n\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{n}n 项和 Tn\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{T}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{n}}Tn.答案:a_n=2^(n-1);T_n见解析题目标签:等比数列与求和解题过程(1)求正项等比数列通项把两组和式都用首项与公比表示并约去公共因子(1)化简第一组条件设公比为 q>0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{q}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{>}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}q>0。为什么从这里入手:目标是“化简第一组条件”,而“设公比为 q>0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{q}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{>}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}q>0。”恰好给出了它所缺的前置量或等价关系。先把这条信息写成可计算的等式,后续只需沿等价变形逐步推进;若跳过这一步,就无法说明答案为何由题设唯一确定。详细展开:a1+a2=a1(1+q)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{q}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{)}a1+a2=a1(1+q),而 1/a1+1/a2=(1+q)/(a1q)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{q}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{q}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{)}1/a1+1/a2=(1+q)/(a1q)。因 1+q>0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{q}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{>}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}1+q>0,约去后得 a12q=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{q}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}a12q=2。a12q=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{q}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}a12q=2(2)化简第二组并相除a3+a4+a5\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{4}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{5}}a3+a4+a5 和对应倒数和都有公共因子 1+q+q2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{q}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{q}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}}1+q+q2。为什么从这里入手:目标是“化简第二组并相除”,而“a3+a4+a5\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{4}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{5}}a3+a4+a5 和对应倒数和都有公共因子 1+q+q2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{q}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{q}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}}1+q+q2。”恰好给出了它所缺的前置量或等价关系。先把这条信息写成可计算的等式,后续只需沿等价变形逐步推进;若跳过这一步,就无法说明答案为何由题设唯一确定。详细展开:约去后得 a32q2=64\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{3}}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{q}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{4}a32q2=64。又 a3=a1q2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{q}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}}a3=a1q2,所以 a12q6=64\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{q}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{6}}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{4}a12q6=64。除以 a12q=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{q}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}a12q=2 得 q5=32\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{q}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{5}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}q5=32,故 q=2,a1=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{q}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}q=2,a1=1。an=2n−1\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{n}}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{1}}}an=2n−1(2)求 bn\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{n}}bn 的前 n\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{n}n 项和先展开平方,把它拆成两个等比数列和常数列(1)写出 bn\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{n}}bnan=2n−1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{n}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{1}}an=2n−1,其倒数为 21−n\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{n}}21−n。为什么从这里入手:目标是“写出 bn\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{n}}bn”,而“an=2n−1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{n}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{1}}an=2n−1,其倒数为 21−n\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{n}}21−n。”恰好给出了它所缺的前置量或等价关系。先把这条信息写成可计算的等式,后续只需沿等价变形逐步推进;若跳过这一步,就无法说明答案为何由题设唯一确定。详细展开:平方展开时中间项恒为 2,因此 bn=4n−1+2+41−n\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{n}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{4}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{4}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{n}}bn=4n−1+2+41−n。bn=4n−1+2+41−n\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{n}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{4}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{4}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{n}}bn=4n−1+2+41−n(2)分别求和三部分分别是公比 4 的等比数列、常数列和公比 1/4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{4}1/4 的等比数列。为什么从这里入手:数列题要先识别相邻项之间保持不变的结构。“三部分分别是公比 4 的等比数列、常数列和公比 1/4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{4}1/4 的等比数列。”提示了差、比或可累加关系,先分别求和能把第 n\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{n}n 项问题改写成已经会处理的等差、等比或裂项模型。详细展开:∑4k−1=(4n−1)/3\sum\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{4}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{4}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{n}}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{3}∑4k−1=(4n−1)/3,∑41−k=(4−41−n)/3\sum\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{4}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{k}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{4}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{n}}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{3}∑41−k=(4−41−n)/3。再加 2n\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{n}2n。Tn=4n+3−41−n3+2n\boxed{T_{n}=\frac{4^{n}+3-4^{1-n}}3+2n}Tn=34n+3−41−n+2n
(1)化简第一组条件设公比为 q>0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{q}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{>}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}q>0。为什么从这里入手:目标是“化简第一组条件”,而“设公比为 q>0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{q}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{>}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}q>0。”恰好给出了它所缺的前置量或等价关系。先把这条信息写成可计算的等式,后续只需沿等价变形逐步推进;若跳过这一步,就无法说明答案为何由题设唯一确定。详细展开:a1+a2=a1(1+q)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{q}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{)}a1+a2=a1(1+q),而 1/a1+1/a2=(1+q)/(a1q)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{q}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{q}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{)}1/a1+1/a2=(1+q)/(a1q)。因 1+q>0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{q}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{>}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}1+q>0,约去后得 a12q=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{q}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}a12q=2。a12q=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{q}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}a12q=2
(2)化简第二组并相除a3+a4+a5\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{4}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{5}}a3+a4+a5 和对应倒数和都有公共因子 1+q+q2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{q}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{q}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}}1+q+q2。为什么从这里入手:目标是“化简第二组并相除”,而“a3+a4+a5\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{4}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{5}}a3+a4+a5 和对应倒数和都有公共因子 1+q+q2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{q}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{q}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}}1+q+q2。”恰好给出了它所缺的前置量或等价关系。先把这条信息写成可计算的等式,后续只需沿等价变形逐步推进;若跳过这一步,就无法说明答案为何由题设唯一确定。详细展开:约去后得 a32q2=64\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{3}}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{q}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{4}a32q2=64。又 a3=a1q2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{q}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}}a3=a1q2,所以 a12q6=64\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{q}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{6}}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{6}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{4}a12q6=64。除以 a12q=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{q}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}a12q=2 得 q5=32\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{q}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{5}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}q5=32,故 q=2,a1=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{q}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}q=2,a1=1。an=2n−1\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{n}}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{1}}}an=2n−1
(1)写出 bn\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{n}}bnan=2n−1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{n}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{1}}an=2n−1,其倒数为 21−n\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{n}}21−n。为什么从这里入手:目标是“写出 bn\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{n}}bn”,而“an=2n−1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{n}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{1}}an=2n−1,其倒数为 21−n\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{n}}21−n。”恰好给出了它所缺的前置量或等价关系。先把这条信息写成可计算的等式,后续只需沿等价变形逐步推进;若跳过这一步,就无法说明答案为何由题设唯一确定。详细展开:平方展开时中间项恒为 2,因此 bn=4n−1+2+41−n\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{n}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{4}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{4}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{n}}bn=4n−1+2+41−n。bn=4n−1+2+41−n\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{n}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{4}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{n}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{4}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{n}}bn=4n−1+2+41−n
(2)分别求和三部分分别是公比 4 的等比数列、常数列和公比 1/4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{4}1/4 的等比数列。为什么从这里入手:数列题要先识别相邻项之间保持不变的结构。“三部分分别是公比 4 的等比数列、常数列和公比 1/4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{4}1/4 的等比数列。”提示了差、比或可累加关系,先分别求和能把第 n\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{n}n 项问题改写成已经会处理的等差、等比或裂项模型。详细展开:∑4k−1=(4n−1)/3\sum\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{4}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{k}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{4}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{n}}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{3}∑4k−1=(4n−1)/3,∑41−k=(4−41−n)/3\sum\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{4}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{k}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{4}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{n}}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{3}∑41−k=(4−41−n)/3。再加 2n\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{n}2n。Tn=4n+3−41−n3+2n\boxed{T_{n}=\frac{4^{n}+3-4^{1-n}}3+2n}Tn=34n+3−41−n+2n
19三、解答题 · 立体几何如图, 直三棱柱 ABC−A1B1C1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{A}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{B}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{1}}ABC−A1B1C1 中, AC=BC\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{C}AC=BC, AA1=AB\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{A}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{B}AA1=AB, D\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{D}D 为 BB1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}}BB1 的中点, E\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{E}E 为 AB1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}}AB1 上的一点, AE=3EB1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{E} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{E}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{B}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}}AE=3EB1. (1) 证明: DE\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{E}DE 为异面直线 AB1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}}AB1 与 CD\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{D}CD 的公垂线; (2) 设异面直线 AB1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}}AB1 与 CD\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{D}CD 的夹角为 45∘45^\circ45∘, 求二面角 A1−AC1−B1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{B}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{1}}A1−AC1−B1 的大小.原卷图示 1原卷第 1 页 · qwen3.7-plus_layout_detection · 需复核答案:见证明;arccos(√15/15)题目标签:直三棱柱公垂线与二面角解题过程(1)证明 DE\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{E}DE 是两异面直线的公垂线选取能让直棱与底面分离的空间坐标(1)设置坐标并表示分点令 AB=AA1=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{A}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}AB=AA1=1,由 AC=BC\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{C}AC=BC 可把 C\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}C 放在 AB\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B}AB 的垂直平分面上。为什么从这里入手:解析几何的目的,是把图形关系变成坐标等式。“令 AB=AA1=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{A}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}AB=AA1=1,由 AC=BC\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{C}AC=BC 可把 C\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}C 放在 AB\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B}AB 的垂直平分面上。”提供了点、斜率、距离或焦点条件,先设置坐标并表示分点后,交点、弦长和轨迹都能交给方程与韦达定理处理。详细展开:取 A(−1/2,0,0),B(1/2,0,0),C(0,c,0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{c}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{)}A(−1/2,0,0),B(1/2,0,0),C(0,c,0),直棱沿 z\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{z}z 轴。于是 D=(1/2,0,1/2)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{)}D=(1/2,0,1/2),由 AE=3EB1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{E}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{E}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{B}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{1}}AE=3EB1 得 E=(1/4,0,3/4)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{E}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{)}E=(1/4,0,3/4)。DE→=(−14,0,14)\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{E}}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{=}\left(\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{-}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{4}}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{,}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=50,tutor-end=51}{4}}\right)DE=(−41,0,41)(2)验证两次垂直公垂线必须同时与两条异面直线垂直,并且端点分别落在两线上。为什么从这里入手:解析几何的目的,是把图形关系变成坐标等式。“公垂线必须同时与两条异面直线垂直,并且端点分别落在两线上。”提供了点、斜率、距离或焦点条件,先验证两次垂直后,交点、弦长和轨迹都能交给方程与韦达定理处理。详细展开:E∈AB1,D∈CD\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{E}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=5}{\in }\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{B}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=17}{\in }\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{D}E∈AB1,D∈CD;AB1→=(1,0,1)\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{B}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{1}}}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{)}AB1=(1,0,1),CD→=(1/2,−c,1/2)\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{D}}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{c}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{)}CD=(1/2,−c,1/2),二者与 DE→\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{E}}DE 的点积都为 0。DE⊥AB1,DE⊥CD\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{E}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=15}{\perp }\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{B}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{,}\quad \htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{E}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=36}{\perp }\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{D}}DE⊥AB1,DE⊥CD(2)求二面角 A1−AC1−B1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{B}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{1}}A1−AC1−B1先用异面直线夹角确定底面形状,再投影求二面角(1)由 45∘45^\circ45∘ 求 c\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{c}c两异面直线的方向向量已写出。为什么从这里入手:解析几何的目的,是把图形关系变成坐标等式。“两异面直线的方向向量已写出。”提供了点、斜率、距离或焦点条件,先由 45∘45^\circ45∘ 求 c\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{c}c后,交点、弦长和轨迹都能交给方程与韦达定理处理。详细展开:cos45∘=(1,0,1)⋅(1/2,−c,1/2)2c2+1/2\cos45^\circ=\frac{(1,0,1)\cdot(1/2,-c,1/2)}{\sqrt{2}\sqrt{c^{2}+1/2}}cos45∘=2c2+1/2(1,0,1)⋅(1/2,−c,1/2),化简得 c2=1/2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{c}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{2}c2=1/2。c=12c=\frac1{\sqrt{2}}c=21(2)构造垂直于棱 AC1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}}AC1 的两条方向把 AA1→\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{A}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{1}}}AA1、AB1→\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{B}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{1}}}AB1 分别投影到 AC1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}}AC1 的垂面,所得向量分别位于两个半平面并都垂直于棱。为什么从这里入手:空间关系只靠观察容易漏条件,而“把 AA1→\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{A}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{1}}}AA1、AB1→\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{B}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{1}}}AB1 分别投影到 AC1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}}AC1 的垂面,所得向量分别位于两个半平面并都垂直于棱。”可以直接翻译成垂直、平行、数量积或体积公式。先构造垂直于棱 AC1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}}AC1 的两条方向,是在建立可验证的几何链条,而不是凭图形猜结论。详细展开:代入 c=1/2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{c}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{/}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}}c=1/2 后,两投影向量夹角余弦为 1/15=15/15\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{/}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{5}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{5}}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{5}1/15=15/15,这就是二面角余弦。theta=arccos1515\boxed{\\\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{h}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{e}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{=}\arccos\frac{\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{5}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{5}}}theta=arccos1515
(1)设置坐标并表示分点令 AB=AA1=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{A}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}AB=AA1=1,由 AC=BC\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{C}AC=BC 可把 C\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}C 放在 AB\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B}AB 的垂直平分面上。为什么从这里入手:解析几何的目的,是把图形关系变成坐标等式。“令 AB=AA1=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{A}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}AB=AA1=1,由 AC=BC\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{C}AC=BC 可把 C\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}C 放在 AB\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B}AB 的垂直平分面上。”提供了点、斜率、距离或焦点条件,先设置坐标并表示分点后,交点、弦长和轨迹都能交给方程与韦达定理处理。详细展开:取 A(−1/2,0,0),B(1/2,0,0),C(0,c,0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{c}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{)}A(−1/2,0,0),B(1/2,0,0),C(0,c,0),直棱沿 z\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{z}z 轴。于是 D=(1/2,0,1/2)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{)}D=(1/2,0,1/2),由 AE=3EB1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{E}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{E}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{B}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{1}}AE=3EB1 得 E=(1/4,0,3/4)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{E}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{)}E=(1/4,0,3/4)。DE→=(−14,0,14)\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{E}}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{=}\left(\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{-}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{4}}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{,}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{1}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=50,tutor-end=51}{4}}\right)DE=(−41,0,41)
(2)验证两次垂直公垂线必须同时与两条异面直线垂直,并且端点分别落在两线上。为什么从这里入手:解析几何的目的,是把图形关系变成坐标等式。“公垂线必须同时与两条异面直线垂直,并且端点分别落在两线上。”提供了点、斜率、距离或焦点条件,先验证两次垂直后,交点、弦长和轨迹都能交给方程与韦达定理处理。详细展开:E∈AB1,D∈CD\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{E}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=5}{\in }\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{B}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=17}{\in }\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{D}E∈AB1,D∈CD;AB1→=(1,0,1)\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{B}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{1}}}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{)}AB1=(1,0,1),CD→=(1/2,−c,1/2)\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{D}}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{c}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{)}CD=(1/2,−c,1/2),二者与 DE→\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{E}}DE 的点积都为 0。DE⊥AB1,DE⊥CD\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{E}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=15}{\perp }\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{B}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{,}\quad \htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{E}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=36}{\perp }\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{D}}DE⊥AB1,DE⊥CD
(1)由 45∘45^\circ45∘ 求 c\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{c}c两异面直线的方向向量已写出。为什么从这里入手:解析几何的目的,是把图形关系变成坐标等式。“两异面直线的方向向量已写出。”提供了点、斜率、距离或焦点条件,先由 45∘45^\circ45∘ 求 c\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{c}c后,交点、弦长和轨迹都能交给方程与韦达定理处理。详细展开:cos45∘=(1,0,1)⋅(1/2,−c,1/2)2c2+1/2\cos45^\circ=\frac{(1,0,1)\cdot(1/2,-c,1/2)}{\sqrt{2}\sqrt{c^{2}+1/2}}cos45∘=2c2+1/2(1,0,1)⋅(1/2,−c,1/2),化简得 c2=1/2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{c}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{2}c2=1/2。c=12c=\frac1{\sqrt{2}}c=21
(2)构造垂直于棱 AC1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}}AC1 的两条方向把 AA1→\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{A}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{1}}}AA1、AB1→\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{B}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{1}}}AB1 分别投影到 AC1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}}AC1 的垂面,所得向量分别位于两个半平面并都垂直于棱。为什么从这里入手:空间关系只靠观察容易漏条件,而“把 AA1→\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{A}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{1}}}AA1、AB1→\overrightarrow{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{B}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{1}}}AB1 分别投影到 AC1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}}AC1 的垂面,所得向量分别位于两个半平面并都垂直于棱。”可以直接翻译成垂直、平行、数量积或体积公式。先构造垂直于棱 AC1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{C}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}}AC1 的两条方向,是在建立可验证的几何链条,而不是凭图形猜结论。详细展开:代入 c=1/2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{c}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{/}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}}c=1/2 后,两投影向量夹角余弦为 1/15=15/15\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{/}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{5}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{5}}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{5}1/15=15/15,这就是二面角余弦。theta=arccos1515\boxed{\\\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{h}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{e}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{t}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{=}\arccos\frac{\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{5}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{5}}}theta=arccos1515
20三、解答题 · 概率如图,由 M\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{M}M 到 N\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{N}N 的电路中有 4 个组件,分别标为 T1,T2,T3,T4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{T}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{T}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{T}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{T}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{4}}T1,T2,T3,T4,电流能通过 T1,T2,T3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{T}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{T}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{T}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{3}}T1,T2,T3 的概率都是 p\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{p}p,电流能通过 T4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{T}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{4}}T4 的概率是 0.9. 电流能否通过各组件相互独立. 已知 T1,T2,T3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{T}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{T}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{T}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{3}}T1,T2,T3 中至少有一个能通过电流的概率为 0.999. (1) 求 p\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{p}p; (2) 求电流能在 M\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{M}M 与 N\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{N}N 之间通过的概率.原卷图示 1原卷第 2 页 · qwen3.7-plus_layout_detection · 需复核答案:p=0.9;0.9891题目标签:独立事件与电路解题过程(1)求组件通过概率 p\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{p}p“至少一个成功”优先用“全部失败”的对立事件(1)写出对立事件概率T1,T2,T3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{T}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{T}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{T}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{3}}T1,T2,T3 相互独立且成功概率相同。为什么从这里入手:概率题的关键不是立刻代数,而是先说清随机试验与事件。“T1,T2,T3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{T}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{T}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{T}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{3}}T1,T2,T3 相互独立且成功概率相同。”确定了基本事件或随机变量,所以先写出对立事件概率,再依据独立、互斥、对立或期望线性性计算。详细展开:三者至少一个通过的对立事件是三者都不通过,其概率为 (1−p)3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{p}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{3}}(1−p)3。因此 1−(1−p)3=0.999\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{p}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{9}1−(1−p)3=0.999。(1−p)3=0.001\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{p}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{1}(1−p)3=0.001(2)解出 p\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{p}p0.001=0.13\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{1}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{3}}0.001=0.13,且 0≤p≤1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=5}{\le }\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{p}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=9}{\le}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}0≤p≤1。为什么从这里入手:目标是“解出 p\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{p}p”,而“0.001=0.13\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{1}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{3}}0.001=0.13,且 0≤p≤1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=5}{\le }\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{p}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=9}{\le}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}0≤p≤1。”恰好给出了它所缺的前置量或等价关系。先把这条信息写成可计算的等式,后续只需沿等价变形逐步推进;若跳过这一步,就无法说明答案为何由题设唯一确定。详细展开:所以 1−p=0.1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{p}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1}1−p=0.1,得到 p=0.9\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{p}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{9}p=0.9。p=0.9\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{p}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{9}}p=0.9(2)求整个电路导通概率先按电路图识别两条并联的完整支路(1)计算上支路导通概率上支路要求 T3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{T}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{3}}T3 导通,并且并联的 T1,T2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{T}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{T}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}T1,T2 至少一个导通。为什么从这里入手:概率题的关键不是立刻代数,而是先说清随机试验与事件。“上支路要求 T3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{T}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{3}}T3 导通,并且并联的 T1,T2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{T}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{T}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}T1,T2 至少一个导通。”确定了基本事件或随机变量,所以先计算上支路导通概率,再依据独立、互斥、对立或期望线性性计算。详细展开:所以 P(上支路通)=p[1−(1−p)2]=0.9×0.99=0.891\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{上}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{支}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{路}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{通}}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{p}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{p}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{]}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=39}{\times}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{8}\htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=48,tutor-end=49}{1}P(上支路通)=p[1−(1−p)2]=0.9×0.99=0.891。PU=0.891\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{P}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{U}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{8}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}PU=0.891(2)与 T4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{T}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{4}}T4 支路并联下支路只有 T4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{T}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{4}}T4,导通概率为 0.9。两支路不通事件相互独立。为什么从这里入手:概率题的关键不是立刻代数,而是先说清随机试验与事件。“下支路只有 T4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{T}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{4}}T4,导通概率为 0.9。两支路不通事件相互独立。”确定了基本事件或随机变量,所以先与 T4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{T}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{4}}T4 支路并联,再依据独立、互斥、对立或期望线性性计算。详细展开:整个电路不通概率为 (1−0.891)(1−0.9)=0.0109\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{8}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{9}(1−0.891)(1−0.9)=0.0109,故导通概率为 1−0.0109=0.9891\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{8}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{1}1−0.0109=0.9891。P=0.9891\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{8}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{1}}P=0.9891
(1)写出对立事件概率T1,T2,T3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{T}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{T}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{T}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{3}}T1,T2,T3 相互独立且成功概率相同。为什么从这里入手:概率题的关键不是立刻代数,而是先说清随机试验与事件。“T1,T2,T3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{T}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{T}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{T}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{3}}T1,T2,T3 相互独立且成功概率相同。”确定了基本事件或随机变量,所以先写出对立事件概率,再依据独立、互斥、对立或期望线性性计算。详细展开:三者至少一个通过的对立事件是三者都不通过,其概率为 (1−p)3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{p}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{3}}(1−p)3。因此 1−(1−p)3=0.999\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{p}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{9}1−(1−p)3=0.999。(1−p)3=0.001\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{p}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{1}(1−p)3=0.001
(2)解出 p\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{p}p0.001=0.13\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{1}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{3}}0.001=0.13,且 0≤p≤1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=5}{\le }\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{p}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=9}{\le}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}0≤p≤1。为什么从这里入手:目标是“解出 p\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{p}p”,而“0.001=0.13\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{1}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{3}}0.001=0.13,且 0≤p≤1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=5}{\le }\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{p}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=9}{\le}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}0≤p≤1。”恰好给出了它所缺的前置量或等价关系。先把这条信息写成可计算的等式,后续只需沿等价变形逐步推进;若跳过这一步,就无法说明答案为何由题设唯一确定。详细展开:所以 1−p=0.1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{p}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{1}1−p=0.1,得到 p=0.9\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{p}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{9}p=0.9。p=0.9\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{p}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{9}}p=0.9
(1)计算上支路导通概率上支路要求 T3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{T}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{3}}T3 导通,并且并联的 T1,T2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{T}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{T}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}T1,T2 至少一个导通。为什么从这里入手:概率题的关键不是立刻代数,而是先说清随机试验与事件。“上支路要求 T3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{T}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{3}}T3 导通,并且并联的 T1,T2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{T}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{T}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}T1,T2 至少一个导通。”确定了基本事件或随机变量,所以先计算上支路导通概率,再依据独立、互斥、对立或期望线性性计算。详细展开:所以 P(上支路通)=p[1−(1−p)2]=0.9×0.99=0.891\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{上}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{支}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{路}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{通}}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{p}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{[}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{p}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{]}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=39}{\times}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{8}\htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=48,tutor-end=49}{1}P(上支路通)=p[1−(1−p)2]=0.9×0.99=0.891。PU=0.891\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{P}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{U}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{8}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}PU=0.891
(2)与 T4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{T}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{4}}T4 支路并联下支路只有 T4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{T}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{4}}T4,导通概率为 0.9。两支路不通事件相互独立。为什么从这里入手:概率题的关键不是立刻代数,而是先说清随机试验与事件。“下支路只有 T4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{T}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{4}}T4,导通概率为 0.9。两支路不通事件相互独立。”确定了基本事件或随机变量,所以先与 T4\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{T}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{4}}T4 支路并联,再依据独立、互斥、对立或期望线性性计算。详细展开:整个电路不通概率为 (1−0.891)(1−0.9)=0.0109\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{8}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{9}(1−0.891)(1−0.9)=0.0109,故导通概率为 1−0.0109=0.9891\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{8}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{1}1−0.0109=0.9891。P=0.9891\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{P}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{.}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{8}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{1}}P=0.9891
21三、解答题 · 导数已知函数 f(x)=x3−3ax2+3x+1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{3}} \htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{-} \htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{2}} \htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{x} \htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{+} \htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{1}f(x)=x3−3ax2+3x+1. (1) 设 a=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}a=2,求 f(x)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)}f(x) 的单调区间; (2) 设 f(x)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{)}f(x) 在区间 (2,3)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}(2,3) 中至少有一个极值点,求 a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}a 的取值范围.答案:见解析;5/4<a<5/3题目标签:三次函数单调与极值点解题过程(1)求 a=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}a=2 时的单调区间求导后把二次式的两个零点精确写出(1)求导并解临界点代入 a=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}a=2 后,f′(x)=3x2−12x+3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}'\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{3}f′(x)=3x2−12x+3。为什么从这里入手:代数题要寻找能减少未知量或降低次数的关系。“代入 a=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}a=2 后,f′(x)=3x2−12x+3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}'\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{3}f′(x)=3x2−12x+3。”正好提供了因式、根或参数之间的等式,所以先求导并解临界点,再代入、消元或比较系数,计算链条会更短也更容易复核。详细展开:提取 3 并解 x2−4x+1=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{0}x2−4x+1=0,得到 x=2±3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=6}{\pm}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{3}}x=2±3。开口向上,所以导数在两根外为正、两根间为负。f′(x)=3(x−2+3)(x−2−3)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}'\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{+}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{-}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{)}f′(x)=3(x−2+3)(x−2−3)(2)读取单调性导数正对应递增,导数负对应递减。为什么从这里入手:函数的局部变化由导数控制。“导数正对应递增,导数负对应递减。”给出了函数值、斜率或导数符号的入口,因此先读取单调性,就能把图象语言转换成方程或符号表。详细展开:因此递增区间为 (−∞,2−3)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=8}{\infty}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{-}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{)}(−∞,2−3)、(2+3,+∞)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{+}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=19}{\infty}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{)}(2+3,+∞),递减区间为 (2−3,2+3)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{+}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{)}(2−3,2+3)。↗:(−∞,2−3),(2+3,+∞);↘:(2−3,2+3)\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=15}{\nearrow}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{:}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=24}{\infty}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{-}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{+}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=48,tutor-end=49}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=50}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=50,tutor-end=56}{\infty}\htmlData{tutor-start=56,tutor-end=57}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=57,tutor-end=58}{;}\quad\htmlData{tutor-start=63,tutor-end=71}{\searrow}\htmlData{tutor-start=71,tutor-end=72}{:}\htmlData{tutor-start=72,tutor-end=73}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=73,tutor-end=74}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=74,tutor-end=75}{-}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=81,tutor-end=82}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=83,tutor-end=84}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=84,tutor-end=85}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=85,tutor-end=86}{+}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=92,tutor-end=93}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=94,tutor-end=95}{)}}↗:(−∞,2−3),(2+3,+∞);↘:(2−3,2+3)(2)求区间内存在极值点时的参数范围把导数零点反解成参数 a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}a 的函数(1)由临界点表示 a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}a一般地 f′(x)=3(x2−2ax+1)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}'\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{)}f′(x)=3(x2−2ax+1)。为什么从这里入手:目标是“由临界点表示 a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}a”,而“一般地 f′(x)=3(x2−2ax+1)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}'\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{)}f′(x)=3(x2−2ax+1)。”恰好给出了它所缺的前置量或等价关系。先把这条信息写成可计算的等式,后续只需沿等价变形逐步推进;若跳过这一步,就无法说明答案为何由题设唯一确定。详细展开:若 x0∈(2,3)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{0}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=8}{\in}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{)}x0∈(2,3) 是极值点,则 x02−2ax0+1=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{0}}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{0}}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{0}x02−2ax0+1=0,所以 a=(x0+1/x0)/2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{0}}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{0}}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{2}a=(x0+1/x0)/2。在该区间另一根为 1/x0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{0}}1/x0,与 x0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{0}}x0 不同,故导数确实变号。a=g(x0)=12(x0+1x0)a=g(x_{0})=\frac{1}{2}\left(x_{0}+\frac1{x_{0}}\right)a=g(x0)=21(x0+x01)(2)求映射区间x>1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{>}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}x>1 时 g′(x)=(1−1/x2)/2>0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{g}'\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{>}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{0}g′(x)=(1−1/x2)/2>0。为什么从这里入手:目标是“求映射区间”,而“x>1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{>}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}x>1 时 g′(x)=(1−1/x2)/2>0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{g}'\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{>}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{0}g′(x)=(1−1/x2)/2>0。”恰好给出了它所缺的前置量或等价关系。先把这条信息写成可计算的等式,后续只需沿等价变形逐步推进;若跳过这一步,就无法说明答案为何由题设唯一确定。详细展开:所以 x0∈(2,3)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{0}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=8}{\in}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{)}x0∈(2,3) 映成开区间 (g(2),g(3))=(5/4,5/3)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{g}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{g}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{)}(g(2),g(3))=(5/4,5/3);端点不能取,因为题目要求极值点严格位于开区间。54<a<53\boxed{\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{5}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{4}}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{<}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{<}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{5}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{3}}}45<a<35
(1)求导并解临界点代入 a=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}a=2 后,f′(x)=3x2−12x+3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}'\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{3}f′(x)=3x2−12x+3。为什么从这里入手:代数题要寻找能减少未知量或降低次数的关系。“代入 a=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}a=2 后,f′(x)=3x2−12x+3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}'\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{3}f′(x)=3x2−12x+3。”正好提供了因式、根或参数之间的等式,所以先求导并解临界点,再代入、消元或比较系数,计算链条会更短也更容易复核。详细展开:提取 3 并解 x2−4x+1=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{0}x2−4x+1=0,得到 x=2±3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=6}{\pm}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{3}}x=2±3。开口向上,所以导数在两根外为正、两根间为负。f′(x)=3(x−2+3)(x−2−3)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}'\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{+}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{-}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{)}f′(x)=3(x−2+3)(x−2−3)
(2)读取单调性导数正对应递增,导数负对应递减。为什么从这里入手:函数的局部变化由导数控制。“导数正对应递增,导数负对应递减。”给出了函数值、斜率或导数符号的入口,因此先读取单调性,就能把图象语言转换成方程或符号表。详细展开:因此递增区间为 (−∞,2−3)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=8}{\infty}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{-}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{)}(−∞,2−3)、(2+3,+∞)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{+}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=19}{\infty}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{)}(2+3,+∞),递减区间为 (2−3,2+3)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{+}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{)}(2−3,2+3)。↗:(−∞,2−3),(2+3,+∞);↘:(2−3,2+3)\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=15}{\nearrow}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{:}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=24}{\infty}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{-}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{+}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=48,tutor-end=49}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=50}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=50,tutor-end=56}{\infty}\htmlData{tutor-start=56,tutor-end=57}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=57,tutor-end=58}{;}\quad\htmlData{tutor-start=63,tutor-end=71}{\searrow}\htmlData{tutor-start=71,tutor-end=72}{:}\htmlData{tutor-start=72,tutor-end=73}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=73,tutor-end=74}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=74,tutor-end=75}{-}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=81,tutor-end=82}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=83,tutor-end=84}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=84,tutor-end=85}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=85,tutor-end=86}{+}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=92,tutor-end=93}{3}}\htmlData{tutor-start=94,tutor-end=95}{)}}↗:(−∞,2−3),(2+3,+∞);↘:(2−3,2+3)
(1)由临界点表示 a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}a一般地 f′(x)=3(x2−2ax+1)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}'\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{)}f′(x)=3(x2−2ax+1)。为什么从这里入手:目标是“由临界点表示 a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}a”,而“一般地 f′(x)=3(x2−2ax+1)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{f}'\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{)}f′(x)=3(x2−2ax+1)。”恰好给出了它所缺的前置量或等价关系。先把这条信息写成可计算的等式,后续只需沿等价变形逐步推进;若跳过这一步,就无法说明答案为何由题设唯一确定。详细展开:若 x0∈(2,3)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{0}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=8}{\in}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{)}x0∈(2,3) 是极值点,则 x02−2ax0+1=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{0}}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{0}}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{0}x02−2ax0+1=0,所以 a=(x0+1/x0)/2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{0}}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{0}}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{2}a=(x0+1/x0)/2。在该区间另一根为 1/x0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{0}}1/x0,与 x0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{0}}x0 不同,故导数确实变号。a=g(x0)=12(x0+1x0)a=g(x_{0})=\frac{1}{2}\left(x_{0}+\frac1{x_{0}}\right)a=g(x0)=21(x0+x01)
(2)求映射区间x>1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{>}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}x>1 时 g′(x)=(1−1/x2)/2>0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{g}'\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{>}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{0}g′(x)=(1−1/x2)/2>0。为什么从这里入手:目标是“求映射区间”,而“x>1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{>}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}x>1 时 g′(x)=(1−1/x2)/2>0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{g}'\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{>}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{0}g′(x)=(1−1/x2)/2>0。”恰好给出了它所缺的前置量或等价关系。先把这条信息写成可计算的等式,后续只需沿等价变形逐步推进;若跳过这一步,就无法说明答案为何由题设唯一确定。详细展开:所以 x0∈(2,3)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{0}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=8}{\in}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{)}x0∈(2,3) 映成开区间 (g(2),g(3))=(5/4,5/3)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{g}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{g}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{)}(g(2),g(3))=(5/4,5/3);端点不能取,因为题目要求极值点严格位于开区间。54<a<53\boxed{\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{5}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{4}}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{<}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{<}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{5}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{3}}}45<a<35
22三、解答题 · 解析几何已知斜率为 1 的直线 l\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{l}l 与双曲线 C:x2a2−y2b2=1 (a>0,b>0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{:} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{2}}} \htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{-} \frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{y}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{2}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{2}}} \htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=47,tutor-end=48}{1} \htmlData{tutor-start=49,tutor-end=51}{\ }\htmlData{tutor-start=51,tutor-end=52}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=52,tutor-end=53}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=53,tutor-end=54}{>}\htmlData{tutor-start=54,tutor-end=55}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=55,tutor-end=56}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=57,tutor-end=58}{b}\htmlData{tutor-start=58,tutor-end=59}{>}\htmlData{tutor-start=59,tutor-end=60}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=60,tutor-end=61}{)}C:a2x2−b2y2=1 (a>0,b>0) 相交于 B,D\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{D}B,D 两点,且 BD\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{D}BD 的中点为 M(1,3)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{)}M(1,3). (1) 求 C\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}C 的离心率; (2) 设 C\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{C}C 的右顶点为 A\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}A,右焦点为 F\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{F}F, ∣DF∣⋅∣BF∣=17\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{F}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{|} \htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=11}{\cdot }\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{F}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{|} \htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{=} \htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{7}∣DF∣⋅∣BF∣=17,证明:过 A,B,D\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,} \htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{D}A,B,D 三点的圆与 x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}x 轴相切.答案:e=2;见证明题目标签:双曲线弦中点与三点圆解题过程(1)求双曲线离心率利用弦中点直接控制代入后二次方程的根和(1)写出直线并代入斜率为 1 且过中点 M(1,3)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}M(1,3),所以弦所在直线为 y=x+2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}y=x+2。为什么从这里入手:解析几何的目的,是把图形关系变成坐标等式。“斜率为 1 且过中点 M(1,3)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}M(1,3),所以弦所在直线为 y=x+2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}y=x+2。”提供了点、斜率、距离或焦点条件,先写出直线并代入后,交点、弦长和轨迹都能交给方程与韦达定理处理。详细展开:代入双曲线得 (1/a2−1/b2)x2−(4/b2)x−(4/b2+1)=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{0}(1/a2−1/b2)x2−(4/b2)x−(4/b2+1)=0。两交点横坐标之和等于 2xM=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{M}}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}2xM=2。xB+xD=4/b21/a2−1/b2=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{B}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{D}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{2}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{2}}}\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{2}xB+xD=1/a2−1/b24/b2=2(2)求离心率根和方程只含 a2,b2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}a2,b2 的比例。为什么从这里入手:代数题要寻找能减少未知量或降低次数的关系。“根和方程只含 a2,b2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}a2,b2 的比例。”正好提供了因式、根或参数之间的等式,所以先求离心率,再代入、消元或比较系数,计算链条会更短也更容易复核。详细展开:化简得 b2=3a2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}}b2=3a2,故 c2=a2+b2=4a2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{c}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{2}}c2=a2+b2=4a2,离心率 e=c/a=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{e}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{c}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}e=c/a=2。e=2\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{e}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}e=2(2)证明三点圆与 x\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}x 轴相切先用焦半径乘积定出尺度 a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}a,再识别弦中点就是圆心(1)由焦半径乘积求 a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}a已有 b2=3a2,c=2a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{c}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{a}b2=3a2,c=2a。代入 y=x+2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}y=x+2 后得到 (x−1)2=3+3a2/2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{2}(x−1)2=3+3a2/2,故 xB+xD=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{B}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{D}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}xB+xD=2、xBxD=−2−3a2/2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{B}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{D}}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{2}xBxD=−2−3a2/2。为什么从这里入手:解析几何的目的,是把图形关系变成坐标等式。“已有 b2=3a2,c=2a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{c}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{a}b2=3a2,c=2a。代入 y=x+2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}y=x+2 后得到 (x−1)2=3+3a2/2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{2}(x−1)2=3+3a2/2,故 xB+xD=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{B}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{D}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}xB+xD=2、xBxD=−2−3a2/2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{B}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{D}}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{2}xBxD=−2−3a2/2。”提供了点、斜率、距离或焦点条件,先由焦半径乘积求 a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}a后,交点、弦长和轨迹都能交给方程与韦达定理处理。详细展开:双曲线上一点到右焦点的距离绝对值为 ∣2x−a∣\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{|}∣2x−a∣,所以 ∣BF∣∣DF∣=∣(2xB−a)(2xD−a)∣=5a2+4a+8\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{F}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{F}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{B}}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{D}}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{8}∣BF∣∣DF∣=∣(2xB−a)(2xD−a)∣=5a2+4a+8。令其等于 17,得 a=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}a=1。5a2+4a+8=17⟹a=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{8}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{7}\quad\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=34}{\Longrightarrow}\quad \htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{1}5a2+4a+8=17⟹a=1(2)确定圆心和半径此时 A=(1,0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{)}A=(1,0),弦 BD\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{D}BD 的中点为 M=(1,3)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{)}M=(1,3),且 BD\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{D}BD 方向为 (1,1)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}(1,1)。为什么从这里入手:解析几何的目的,是把图形关系变成坐标等式。“此时 A=(1,0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{)}A=(1,0),弦 BD\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{D}BD 的中点为 M=(1,3)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{)}M=(1,3),且 BD\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{D}BD 方向为 (1,1)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}(1,1)。”提供了点、斜率、距离或焦点条件,先确定圆心和半径后,交点、弦长和轨迹都能交给方程与韦达定理处理。详细展开:由 (x−1)2=9/2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}(x−1)2=9/2,可写 B,D=M±(3/2)(1,1)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=8}{\pm}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{/}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{)}B,D=M±(3/2)(1,1),故 MB=MD=3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{3}MB=MD=3;同时 MA=3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{3}MA=3。于是 M\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{M}M 到 A,B,D\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{D}A,B,D 等距,三点圆圆心为 M\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{M}M、半径为 3。该圆最低点正是 A=(1,0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{)}A=(1,0)。(x−1)2+(y−3)2=9⟹圆在 A 点与 x 轴相切\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{9}\quad\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=41}{\Longrightarrow}\quad\boxed{\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=59,tutor-end=60}{圆}\htmlData{tutor-start=60,tutor-end=61}{在} }\htmlData{tutor-start=63,tutor-end=64}{A}\text{ \htmlData{tutor-start=71,tutor-end=72}{点}\htmlData{tutor-start=72,tutor-end=73}{与} }\htmlData{tutor-start=75,tutor-end=76}{x}\text{ \htmlData{tutor-start=83,tutor-end=84}{轴}\htmlData{tutor-start=84,tutor-end=85}{相}\htmlData{tutor-start=85,tutor-end=86}{切}}}(x−1)2+(y−3)2=9⟹圆在 A 点与 x 轴相切
(1)写出直线并代入斜率为 1 且过中点 M(1,3)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}M(1,3),所以弦所在直线为 y=x+2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}y=x+2。为什么从这里入手:解析几何的目的,是把图形关系变成坐标等式。“斜率为 1 且过中点 M(1,3)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{)}M(1,3),所以弦所在直线为 y=x+2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}y=x+2。”提供了点、斜率、距离或焦点条件,先写出直线并代入后,交点、弦长和轨迹都能交给方程与韦达定理处理。详细展开:代入双曲线得 (1/a2−1/b2)x2−(4/b2)x−(4/b2+1)=0\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{x}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=27}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=45,tutor-end=46}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=46,tutor-end=47}{0}(1/a2−1/b2)x2−(4/b2)x−(4/b2+1)=0。两交点横坐标之和等于 2xM=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{M}}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}2xM=2。xB+xD=4/b21/a2−1/b2=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{B}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{D}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=}\frac{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{2}}}{\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=34,tutor-end=35}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=35,tutor-end=36}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=37,tutor-end=38}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{2}}}\htmlData{tutor-start=43,tutor-end=44}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=44,tutor-end=45}{2}xB+xD=1/a2−1/b24/b2=2
(2)求离心率根和方程只含 a2,b2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}a2,b2 的比例。为什么从这里入手:代数题要寻找能减少未知量或降低次数的关系。“根和方程只含 a2,b2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}a2,b2 的比例。”正好提供了因式、根或参数之间的等式,所以先求离心率,再代入、消元或比较系数,计算链条会更短也更容易复核。详细展开:化简得 b2=3a2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}}b2=3a2,故 c2=a2+b2=4a2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{c}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{2}}c2=a2+b2=4a2,离心率 e=c/a=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{e}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{c}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{2}e=c/a=2。e=2\boxed{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{e}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{2}}e=2
(1)由焦半径乘积求 a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}a已有 b2=3a2,c=2a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{c}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{a}b2=3a2,c=2a。代入 y=x+2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}y=x+2 后得到 (x−1)2=3+3a2/2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{2}(x−1)2=3+3a2/2,故 xB+xD=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{B}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{D}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}xB+xD=2、xBxD=−2−3a2/2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{B}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{D}}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{2}xBxD=−2−3a2/2。为什么从这里入手:解析几何的目的,是把图形关系变成坐标等式。“已有 b2=3a2,c=2a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{b}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{c}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{a}b2=3a2,c=2a。代入 y=x+2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}y=x+2 后得到 (x−1)2=3+3a2/2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=16,tutor-end=17}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{2}(x−1)2=3+3a2/2,故 xB+xD=2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{B}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{D}}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}xB+xD=2、xBxD=−2−3a2/2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{B}}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{D}}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{2}xBxD=−2−3a2/2。”提供了点、斜率、距离或焦点条件,先由焦半径乘积求 a\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}a后,交点、弦长和轨迹都能交给方程与韦达定理处理。详细展开:双曲线上一点到右焦点的距离绝对值为 ∣2x−a∣\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{|}∣2x−a∣,所以 ∣BF∣∣DF∣=∣(2xB−a)(2xD−a)∣=5a2+4a+8\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{F}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{F}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=15,tutor-end=16}{B}}\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=18,tutor-end=19}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{2}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{x}_{\htmlData{tutor-start=25,tutor-end=26}{D}}\htmlData{tutor-start=27,tutor-end=28}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=28,tutor-end=29}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=29,tutor-end=30}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=30,tutor-end=31}{|}\htmlData{tutor-start=31,tutor-end=32}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=32,tutor-end=33}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=33,tutor-end=34}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=36,tutor-end=37}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=38,tutor-end=39}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=39,tutor-end=40}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{8}∣BF∣∣DF∣=∣(2xB−a)(2xD−a)∣=5a2+4a+8。令其等于 17,得 a=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{1}a=1。5a2+4a+8=17⟹a=1\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{5}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{a}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{4}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{8}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{7}\quad\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=34}{\Longrightarrow}\quad \htmlData{tutor-start=40,tutor-end=41}{a}\htmlData{tutor-start=41,tutor-end=42}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=42,tutor-end=43}{1}5a2+4a+8=17⟹a=1
(2)确定圆心和半径此时 A=(1,0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{)}A=(1,0),弦 BD\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{D}BD 的中点为 M=(1,3)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{)}M=(1,3),且 BD\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{D}BD 方向为 (1,1)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}(1,1)。为什么从这里入手:解析几何的目的,是把图形关系变成坐标等式。“此时 A=(1,0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{)}A=(1,0),弦 BD\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{D}BD 的中点为 M=(1,3)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{)}M=(1,3),且 BD\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{D}BD 方向为 (1,1)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}(1,1)。”提供了点、斜率、距离或焦点条件,先确定圆心和半径后,交点、弦长和轨迹都能交给方程与韦达定理处理。详细展开:由 (x−1)2=9/2\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{9}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{/}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{2}(x−1)2=9/2,可写 B,D=M±(3/2)(1,1)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=8}{\pm}\htmlData{tutor-start=8,tutor-end=9}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{/}\sqrt{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{)}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=21,tutor-end=22}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=22,tutor-end=23}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=23,tutor-end=24}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=24,tutor-end=25}{)}B,D=M±(3/2)(1,1),故 MB=MD=3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{D}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{3}MB=MD=3;同时 MA=3\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{M}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{3}MA=3。于是 M\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{M}M 到 A,B,D\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{B}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{D}A,B,D 等距,三点圆圆心为 M\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{M}M、半径为 3。该圆最低点正是 A=(1,0)\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{A}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{,}\htmlData{tutor-start=5,tutor-end=6}{0}\htmlData{tutor-start=6,tutor-end=7}{)}A=(1,0)。(x−1)2+(y−3)2=9⟹圆在 A 点与 x 轴相切\htmlData{tutor-start=0,tutor-end=1}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=1,tutor-end=2}{x}\htmlData{tutor-start=2,tutor-end=3}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=3,tutor-end=4}{1}\htmlData{tutor-start=4,tutor-end=5}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=7,tutor-end=8}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=9,tutor-end=10}{+}\htmlData{tutor-start=10,tutor-end=11}{(}\htmlData{tutor-start=11,tutor-end=12}{y}\htmlData{tutor-start=12,tutor-end=13}{-}\htmlData{tutor-start=13,tutor-end=14}{3}\htmlData{tutor-start=14,tutor-end=15}{)}^{\htmlData{tutor-start=17,tutor-end=18}{2}}\htmlData{tutor-start=19,tutor-end=20}{=}\htmlData{tutor-start=20,tutor-end=21}{9}\quad\htmlData{tutor-start=26,tutor-end=41}{\Longrightarrow}\quad\boxed{\text{\htmlData{tutor-start=59,tutor-end=60}{圆}\htmlData{tutor-start=60,tutor-end=61}{在} }\htmlData{tutor-start=63,tutor-end=64}{A}\text{ \htmlData{tutor-start=71,tutor-end=72}{点}\htmlData{tutor-start=72,tutor-end=73}{与} }\htmlData{tutor-start=75,tutor-end=76}{x}\text{ \htmlData{tutor-start=83,tutor-end=84}{轴}\htmlData{tutor-start=84,tutor-end=85}{相}\htmlData{tutor-start=85,tutor-end=86}{切}}}(x−1)2+(y−3)2=9⟹圆在 A 点与 x 轴相切